350 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
Their longevity is remarkable, and while they 
are as easily kept as oxen, they are more ex¬ 
peditious. Success to the long-eared tribe! 
I saw in constant motion a neat wind-mill 
for pumping water, and 1 commend it to the 
very distinguished consideration of every man 
who has a pasture not supplied with Nature’s 
wholesome beverage. In our extreme hot 
weather, animals, including sheep, require to 
drink a great deal, and to drink often, and they 
need to have it at hand, and not be obliged to 
make a long journey to get to it. Last Sept. 
I had a flock of 300 lambs, in a field without 
water, and believing I could find it by digging, 
1 caused a hole to be made 4 or 5 feet deep 
when the water appeared. I caused the 
ground to be slanted down to the water on one 
side, so the sheep could get access to it. Lu¬ 
ring a very hot day, the anxiety to drink was 
so great that the whole flock crowded round 
the place and the external pressure was so 
great as to completely smother or drown four¬ 
teen of my lambs, and but for the interposition of 
my men, as many more would have been dead 
in a few minutes. Who will say that sheep 
do not need water? I have not the name and 
address of the manufacturer of the wind-mill, 
but it can be ascertained by looking over the 
list of entries at the State Fair. A very little 
wind turns the machine, and a reservoir can 
be made to hold enough water to last through 
a calm. 
Being one of the judges on Short-horns, 
my attention was particularly called to the 
beautiful display of Durhams, both im¬ 
ported and natives, which graced the exhibi¬ 
tion. I am compelled to award great praise 
to the gentlemen whose liberality and enter¬ 
prise has done so much for the improvement 
of our stock. 
Without good models to form and guide 
our opinions and judgment we cannot know 
what excellence is in any department. Messrs. 
Yah., L. F. Allen, Sherwood, and more re¬ 
cently, Messrs. Thorn, Hungerford, and 
Brodie, Becar and Morris, and several oth¬ 
ers have furnished us with the best animals 
from the best herds of foreign countries.— 
Their recent importations are doing much to 
correct those points wherein Short-horns have 
been most deficient. Mr. Morris informed 
me that he had taken pains to procure animals 
from such families as were celebrated for milk, 
and I am aware that my friend Sherwood, of 
Auburn, has acted in reference to the same 
thing, in his selections from the celebrated 
Princess family. Indisputably, the great idea 
of a cow is milk. I have in my mind, a Short¬ 
horn yearling heifer, lately imported, I should 
think, by Mr. Hungerford, which was remark¬ 
ably well filled back of the shoulders, where 
Short-horns are usually deficient. Much at¬ 
tention is now given by intelligent breeders to 
the coat, which should be thick and fine; in 
my judgement, the more hair the better; it is 
needed in our long, hard winters to keep the 
animal warm. 
The famous South-Down buck, imported by 
Mr. Morris, from the celebrated Jonas Webb 
flock was exhibited; he was symmetrical and 
well developed, extremely so. The Suffolks 
are the fashionable pigs. They made a good 
show. Col. Sherwood, of Auburn, presented 
two, which I have never seen surpassed. Their 
meat is said to be more tender than the Berk¬ 
shire, and they will fatten at any age, which is 
a qualification of the first importance. 
The mechanical department, which I sup¬ 
posed would excel, was the most deficient, un¬ 
less the distinction is due to fruits and flowers 
The American Institute and the Horticultural 
Society, seem to have done very little for the 
Fair, though they were understood to co-ope¬ 
rate in the exhibition. Great credit is due to 
some enterprising farmers in the vicinity of 
New York, but the city generally was either 
above or below the great agricultural level. 
Pearl Creek, Oct. 4, 1854, 
A choice lot of Poultry. —The steamer 
Washington brought over a very superior col¬ 
lection of poultry, selected with great care from 
the best breeders of Great Britain, France and 
Germany, by John Giles, of Woodstock, Ct. 
They are at present on exhibition at Barnum’s 
Museum, New York, and will be sold by pub¬ 
lic auction in a few days. Barnum and Hum¬ 
bug are considered synonymous terms, but 
from a short visit we made to these fowls last 
week, we could discover no humbug about 
them. Though suffering a little from the voy¬ 
age, they are, as a whole, the finest collection 
of poultry we ever saw. Some of the breeds 
of Geese, and Ducks, and the Dorking, Sur¬ 
rey and Black Spanish fowls, were very superi¬ 
or. Some Cotswold and New Oxfordshire 
Sheep, said to be on exhibition, we could not 
find. 
Vitality of Eggs. —A correspondent of the 
Poultry Chronicle, on a recent visit to aGip 
sey’s tent, found “ in one corner of the cart, a 
hen sitting upon a seat of eggs, and some of 
her chickens hatched.” On inquiry he found 
that though they frequently travelled many 
miles during the setting period, they had gen 
erally good luck with their hatches. 
MADISON COUNTY AGRICULTURAL FAIR. 
The Annual Fair and Cattle Show of the 
Madison County Agricultural Society, was 
held at Morrisvillo, the 19th to 21st of Septem¬ 
ber last, and I should have favored the Rural 
with an earlier notice, had I not anticipated 
you would received the account from an¬ 
other. 
The first days of the Fair were unfavorable 
to the exhibition, it being rainy, but notwith¬ 
standing this the Show, all things considered, 
was far superior to any thing its most ardent 
friends could have anticipated, and was pro¬ 
nounced by persons best competent to decide, 
as far superior to any exhibition previously 
held in the county. 
The Show of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Swine, 
and Poultry, both imported and bred from im¬ 
ported stock, attracted much attention and 
commendation and it is considered very doubt¬ 
ful, quality considered, if their superiors can be 
produced in this country. 
The ladies department was hardly as well 
represented as usual, yet there were many mer¬ 
itorious articles which justly elicited much 
praise for their fair exhibitors. It is only 
hoped that this part of the exhibition may be 
fully represented another year, together with 
the mechanical department and the Madison 
County Agricultural Society cannot then fail 
(if it has not already attained this position) to 
stand first among County Ag. Societies. 
I must not fail in this connection to notice 
the “Ladies’Riding Match,” by far the most 
attractive feature of the exhibition, and which 
drew to the grounds, I may safely say, thous¬ 
ands of spectators. There were but few com¬ 
petitors, this being the first year the Society 
have offered these premiums, and many ladies 
no doubt thro’ diffidence hesitated to compete. 
Another year and there cannot be a doubt 
but that this match will be fully represented, 
and it is already considered that it will be ne¬ 
cessary to have two classes to accomodate the 
fair equestrians. 
Great praise is due the able superintendent 
of Floral Hall, and the ladies and gentlemen 
of this committee, for the beautiful style in 
which they decorated the large Hall in their 
charge, and for the efficiency of all of their ar¬ 
rangements. 
The Madison County Agricultural Society 
has a permanent location at Morrisville which 
occupies seven acres (about one-half of which 
is a beautiful grove.) They have a large 
building 50 by GO feet, two stories, well bat 
tened and shingled for their in-door exhibition 
situated within this enclosure, together with 
business office and all necessary fixtures, and it 
is confidently hoped and expected that its fu¬ 
ture exhibitions will continue to increase in 
usefulness and interest. c. 
Cazenoyia Town Fair. —A correspondent 
at Cazenovia gives us an account of the first 
Fair of the Farmers’ and Mechanics’ Associa¬ 
tion of that Town; showing that the matter 
has been taken up with a spirit which ensures 
success. The organization was started only 
two weeks before the exhibition, which took 
place on the 25th ult. The Show was fine in 
Stock, especially Sheep and Swine, the Dairy, 
Domestic Manufactures and Fruits, and ex¬ 
celled in the display of fancy and work Horses, 
—a large number being on the grounds. The 
show of Poultry was also excellent. Six or 
eight thousand persons were present, and the 
occasion was as gratifying as successful, and 
will encourage future and higher effort. 
DETERIORATION OF WHEAT. 
A correspondent of the London Mark 
Lane Express from Northumberland, New¬ 
castle District, C. W., after speaking of the de¬ 
struction of wheat by the weevil, and saying 
that the only alleviation yet discovered—late 
sowing—presents in that climate greater risks 
than the disease, alludes to the deteriorating 
effect of cold winters and short hot summers 
on the wheat plant. Without endorsing his 
observations, we commend them to the consid* 
oration of our readers. We think early sow¬ 
ing a more likely means of alleviating the in¬ 
juries from thc^weevil than laic sowing, and 
according to the views of this writer it would 
be to our interest to get seed wheat from Vir¬ 
ginia or other Southern States. We have 
some doubts, however, whether such wheat 
would ripen much earlier than that grown here. 
If any of our readers have experience on the 
point, we should be glad to hear from them: 
It is a singular fact, that any variety of 
wheat grown here degenerates most rapidly.— 
Seed which at its introduction was most pro¬ 
lific, in four or live years becomes sterile and 
worthless, even when an annual change of soil 
and situation has been most carefully attended 
to. This seems to indicate an unfitness in our 
climate for fully maturing the powers of the 
plant, and to point to a trade which must ulti¬ 
mately here become very extensive in the im¬ 
portation of seed from more favored latitudes. 
English seed seem not to have an early enough 
habit for us, and consequently the finer varie¬ 
ties rust before maturity. With the red 
wheats this seems not, however, to have been 
the case. The early harvest countries to the 
south, with which we have an easy communi¬ 
cation, seem thus pointed out as our nurseries. 
We would, however, like to draw the attention 
of English farmers, (in late districts,) to the 
consideration as to whether our quickly-ma¬ 
tured grain might not be valuable to them as 
a seed, enabling them to compete on better 
terms with more favored quarters. A plant, 
like an animal, when it has once acquired 
certain habits, only loses them by degrees.— 
It would take many years of neglect and star¬ 
vation to cause the mellow pippin to revert to 
the stingy crab from which it originated; so 
grains which have been hurried to a ten-week 
maturity by a scorching sun and a dry atmos¬ 
phere, will not at once forget their ways, even 
under the leaden skies and grey east winds of 
a northern island climate. On this principle 
we have no doubt that many of the bulkier 
seeds might, by English farmers, be with ad¬ 
vantage imported from Canada. 
NATIONAL CATTLE SHOW. 
Tins show, held last week at Springfield, 0., 
is reported to have passed off' creditably. In 
the absence of further particulars, we can only 
give the following abstract of the premiums 
awarded, as reported by telegraph : 
Short-horns,-*- Pulls —3 years and over.—1st. 
< Perfection,’ Edw. G. Bedford, Paris, Ky., $300. 
2d. ‘ Sheffield,’ J. W. ltobinson, Madison, co..O., 
200; 3d; * Belmont, 1 Caldwell & Co., Fayette Co. 
Ind., 100. Two year olds—1st. ‘Locomotive, 1 
Brutus J. Clay. Paris,Ky., 200; 2d. ‘Colonel,’ R. 
G. Dunn <fe Co., Madison co. Ind., 150; 3d. ‘ Lay- 
fayette/ J. M. Sherwood, Auburn, N. Y., 75.— 
Yearlings— 1st. ‘New Year’s Day,’ Clias. M. 
Clark, Springffeld, O., 150; 2d. ‘ King Cyrus,’ 
Geo. M. Bedford, Paris, Ky., 100. 
LESSONS OF THE PAST SEASON. 
We are much mistaken if the wheat-midge 
or weevil does not do us some substantial good. 
Crops of wheat which have been put in early 
and in the best manner, in land not injured by 
previous mismanagement, have been but slight¬ 
ly affected. An energetic farmer of our ac¬ 
quaintance pepared his land last year, by first 
turning over deeply a good clover sod—then 
giving this a good coat of compost manure— 
then harrowing the inverted sou and compost 
into complete intermixture and pulverization 
—then turning the whole under with a gang- 
plow just deep enough for the roots of the* 
young wheat which was put in with a drill in 
the best manner. The whole of this was ac¬ 
complished by the first day of autumn. Other 
Stanhope,’ B. J. Clay, $200; 2d. ‘ Duchess,’ 
Palmer, Fayette co. 0., 150; 3d, ‘ Clara Fii 
Cows .— 3 years old and over.—1st. ‘ Lady i crops on the same farm, after corn, were also 
... r ~~“■ in e " ’ ’ '" r 1 well putin, but necessarily some weeks later, 
and in less favorable soil. Now mark the re¬ 
sult. The first-named crop yielded the pres¬ 
ent season of drouth and insects, no less than 
thirty bushels of the finest wheat per acre—the 
other was only ten bushels per acre. Other 
crops in the same neighborhood, sown after 
corn with only ordinary care and tillage, pro¬ 
duced but five bushels per acre. In one in¬ 
stance, when two fields were sown side by side, 
on similar land, at the same time, but with one 
of them thoroughly tilled with an especial view 
to the destruction of “June grass,” the latter 
yielded nineteen bushels per acre, the former 
only ten. Examples may be multiplied to any 
degree, showing the great profits of the best 
inodes of tillage for security against these dep¬ 
redators. 
The present year of extraordinary drouth 
has furnished some interesting lessons on the 
difference between the effects of good and bad 
management. The potato crop, for example, 
has varied five hundred per cent, with the 
treatment it has met with. When it has been 
planted early, in a soil not made rich hastily 
with fresh, badly mixed manure, but by previ¬ 
ous high tillage, with an addition of well pul¬ 
verized compost, we have succeeded in raising 
large and fine roots. Late planted, and on 
poor soil, the crop has in many instances been 
insufficient to pay the digging. 'The Irishman 
who dug our crop, said he was quite as well re¬ 
warded for his labor by taking one bushel iu 
ten, as in taking the whole of his own scan¬ 
ty product The oat crop is another which 
has exhibited in a striking light, the advan¬ 
tages of being up to the time. Crops which 
were sown closely after the disappearance of 
frost, have afforded a fair return; while some 
which we have had occasion to notice that 
were put in but two or three weeks later, re¬ 
minded us of such as \rere fit only to cut with 
scissors and rake with a pocket-comb—they 
could not, in fact, be cradled .—Country Gent. 
Win 
lyette co. u„ iou;.ia, ■ uiara rislier,’ 
S. Meredith, Cambridge, Ind., 100. Two years 
old.—1st. ‘ Fashion,’ J. Stedden, Warren co. O., 
150; 2d. ‘Laura,’ B. J. Clay, 100; 3d. ‘Mary 
Clay,’ S. Meredith, 50. Yearlings.—‘ Lowan,’ 
J. Duncan, Paris, Ky., 100; 2d. * Easter Day,’ C. 
L. Clarke, Springffeld, 75. 
Devons.— Mulls— 3 years and over.—1st. ‘Know 
Nothing,’ N. \V. Smith, Warren co. (>., $100; 
2d. ‘ Herod,’ L. G. Collins, Montgomery co. Ind., 
75. Two years old.—1st. ‘ Moulton,’ L. F. Al¬ 
len, Buffalo, N. Y., 80; 2d. ‘Jake,’ E. Merritt, 
Clark co. ()., GO. Yearlings.—1st. ‘ Premium,’ 
L. G. Collins, GO. 
Vows. —3 years and over.—1st. ‘ Sapplee,’ L. 
F. Allen, $i00; 2d. ‘ Francis,’ L. G. Collins, 75. 
Two year olds.—1st.‘Dolly,’ E. M. Merriweth- 
er, Todd co. Ky., 75; 2d. * Devon,’ N. W. Smith, 
50. Y’earlings.—Heifer, L. G. Collins, com. 
Herekouds. — Hulls —3 years and over.—* Cur¬ 
ley,’ Thos. Aston, Elyria, O., $100. Two year 
.olds—‘ Mystery,’ W. H. Sotham, Tioga co. N. 
Y., 80. Yearlings—‘ Defiance,’ Thos. Aston. 75. 
Cows —3 years and over,—‘ Bolbayle,’ W. H. 
Sotham, $100; 2d. ‘ Duchess/ Thos. Aston, 75. 
Two year olds—1st. W. H. Sotham, 75. 
Ayreshib.es. — Hulls —3 years and over.—‘Dau¬ 
by/ P. Melendy, Hamilton co. O., $100. Two 
year olds.—‘ Wallace/ T. W. Barber, New Baris, 
Ky., 80. Yearlings.—‘ Ducas/ P. Melendy, 75. 
Vows —3 years old—‘ Lassie/ P. Melendy, 
$100. Two year olds—‘Alice/ P. Melendy, 75. 
Jerseys.— Hidls. —3 years and over.—‘ Pat 
Smith/ R. L. Colt, Patterson. N. J., $100. 
Vows. —3 years and over.—‘Dun/ R. L. Colt., 
$100. Two year olds.—‘Jersey/ R. L. Colt, 
75. Yearlings.—‘Patty/ R. L. Colt, GO. 
Miscellaneous. —Working Oxen—C. Fulling- 
ton, Union co., O., $50. Fat Ox—B. Steelman, 
Cleveland, O., 50. Fat Cow—J. W. W are, Fay¬ 
ette co., Ky., 50. Milcli Cow—J. W. Brock, 
North Petersburg, O., 50. Steer—J. W. Ware, 
50. Bull Calf—W. D. Pierce, Clark co., O., 50* 
Heifer Calf—W. W. Thrasher, Fayette co., Ky., 
50. 
PREMIUMS ON AG'L IMPLEMENTS, &C. 
Harrowing Wheat in the Seeing. —A cor¬ 
respondent of the Michigan Farmer says that 
Mr. James Worthington, of Homer, Michigan, 
had last spring a lot of wheat which looked so 
bad that had not the field been seeded down 
to clover he should have plowed it up and sown 
it with spring crops. Instead of doing so, he 
took a “sharp strap harrow” and with it “ tore 
the land thoroughly to pieces.” He then roll¬ 
ed it down with a smooth, heavy roller. This 
covered the roots again and they soon took 
hold and the wheat began to improve. The 
field contained some 40 acres, and the result is 
that “every acre of it will probably yield over 
15 bushels and a majority over 20 bushels” per 
acre. The harrowing and rolling out of wheat 
in this manner, has been several times recom¬ 
mended in previous volumes of the Rural. 
Gigantic Ear of Oats.— The editors of the 
Blackburn Standard had recently handed to 
them an ear of oats grown by Mr. Cronksiiaw, 
of Belthorn, which contained two hundred 
grains. 
To Fatten Fowls. —Fowls may be fatten¬ 
ed in four or five days by the following pro¬ 
cess:—Set some rice over the lire with skim¬ 
med milk, as much only as will serve one day; 
let it boil till the rice is swelled out; add a 
tea-spoonful of sugar. Feed the fowls four or 
five times a day in pans, and give them as 
much each day as will fill them. Great care 
must be taken that they have nothing sour 
given them, as that prevents their fattening. 
Give them clean water or milk from rice to 
drink. By this method the llesh will have a 
1 clear whiteness. 
PREPARING POULTRY FOR MARKET. 
The JYew England Farmer says :—We 
have often noticed the careless and slovenly 
manner, and little attention paid to the exter¬ 
nal appearance of poultry offered for sale in 
our markets; and we have likewise noticed the 
ready sale and higher price where due regard 
w as paidlo have the skin all bound and clean; 
the breast not mutilated by a long cut, the 
shrinking skin exposing t he drying meat cover¬ 
ed with hay seed or chaff'; but well covered all 
over with fat, of a rich golden yellow. Much 
of the poultry exposed for sale has been thro’ 
the process of scalding to facilitate the pick¬ 
ing; this practice should never be resorted to. 
It turns the rich yellow of the fat into a tal¬ 
lowy hue, and oftentimes starts the skin so 
that it peels off', unless very carefully handled. 
No cut should be made in the breast; all the 
offal should be taken out- behind, and the 
opening should be made as small as possible; 
the insides should be wiped out with a dry cloth, 
but no water should be used to cleanse them. 
With a moist cloth take off' the blood that 
may be found upon the carcase. In picking, 
great care should be taken not to tear the 
skin; the wings should not be cut off, but pick¬ 
ed to the end; the skin of the neck should be 
neatly tied over it, if the head is cut off— 
Most people like to see the heads of fowls left 
on—it makes a better show. The heads of 
ducks and geese should not be cut off. 
Bement says :—much care and attention 
are required after the poultry is dressed and 
cool, and it should be carefully packed in bas¬ 
kets or boxes, and above all, it should be kept 
from freezing. A friend, who was very nice in 
these matters, used to bring his turkeys to mar¬ 
ket in the finest order possible, and always ob¬ 
tained a ready sale and the highest price. 11 is 
method is to pick them dry, and dress them in 
the neatest manner; then take a long, deep, 
narrow box, with a stick reaching from end to 
end of the box, and hang the turkeys by the 
legs over the stick, which prevents bruising or 
disfiguring them in the least. 
‘Too much should not be exposed at a time 
for sale, nor should they be hauled over too 
often. Appearance is everything with poul¬ 
try, as well as other articles, and has great in¬ 
fluence on the purchaser. 
“ Lazy bed” Potatoes.— We have often heard 
of raising potatoes by dropping them on the 
top of the ground and covering them with 
straw or litter, giving no other cultivation.— 
We are told that this is what is called in Ire- 
'a id the “ lazy-bed” system. Mr. W. I). Phelps, 
of Lexington, has sent us a sample of potatoes 
raised by him in this way. They are very 
handsome. He says—“The seed was spread 
broadcast on plowed ground, and covered 
with straw and hay, a lew shovelfuls of soil 
scattered over the covering, just sufficient to 
keep it from blowing away. When the tops 
were about six inches above the covering of 
straw, they were again covered with # green 
grass. No other tillage was done, and at the 
gathering, the covering was removed and the 
potatoes picked up. The yield was li bush¬ 
els to the rod .”—Boston Cultivator. 
Bone Wen. —A writer in the Boston Culti¬ 
vator says that bathing with Spirits Turpentine 
once a day will cure a bone wen. Doubtful 
Prairie Parmer . 
The following are the most important of the 
premiums awarded on implements and agricul¬ 
tural machinery, at the late N. Y. State Fair: 
For the most valuable machine or implement 
for the farmer, newly invented, Haliday, Mc¬ 
Cray & Co., Ellington, Conn., for self-regulating 
wind-mill for elevating water or other motive 
power, Dip. & Silver Medal. Fisk Russel, of 
Boston, Mass., for his new application of oscilla¬ 
ting and reversable knives to the mower and 
reaper, and Cam, for communicating hucIi 
ion, Dip. <k S. M. Henry Waterman, Brook- 
yn, L. I., for his new application of oscillating 
motion to the cutting bar to mower and reaper, 
lip. & S. M. Best hay and cattle weighing 
Scales, Fairbrnks tfc Co., St. Jolinsbury, Vt., 
$20; best Hay Press, Deeririg Dickinson, Al¬ 
bany. Dederick’s Patent Hay Press improved. 
S. M. Best improved Drain Tile, Appleton A 
Alderson, Albany, $5; best church and steam¬ 
boat Bell, Meneely’s Sons, West Troy, Dip.; best 
Wire Fence for farm purposes, cost of construc¬ 
tion, and evidence ol its adaptation to practical 
and economical uses considered, M. P. Goons, 
180 Broadway, New York, $10: best collection 
of Plows in this country, R. L. Allen, New 
York. dip. <fc S. M. 
Mowers.— Howard & Co., Buffalo, (Ketchum’s 
pat.) best Mower with the reciprocating bar, 
dip. <fc S.M; Thomas 1). Burrall, Geneva,2d best 
do. with do., dip; M. Hallenbeck, Albany, for a 
simple and exceeding compact Mower, dip; J. 
J. Weeks, Buckram, L. 1., a novel arrangement 
of geering to Mower and Reaper, dip.; John 
Adriance, Poughkeepsie, for workmanship and 
good arrangement ot geering to a Mower, dip.; 
American Mowing and Reaping Co., Buffalo, 
(Forbush’s pat) for a novel arrangement of 
clamps for elevating and depressing the cutting 
bar, dip.; J. S. Wright, Chicago, 111., Atkins pat. 
Self Raker, an ingenious and novel raker, dip. 
Reapers and Mowers in Combination.— 
Eugene Snyder, Elizabethtown, N. J., Ketch¬ 
um’s patent Mowing and Reaping Machine with 
side delivery, clip, cfe S. M.; Thomas D. Burrall, 
Geneva, Mower and Reaper, clip, tfc S. M.; Wal¬ 
ter A. Wood, Hoosick Falls, Manny’s Mower 
and Reaper with Wood’s improvement, dip, ct 
S. M. 
Horse Powers.— H. L. Emery, Albany, Em¬ 
ery’s Endless Chain Horse Power—best, S. M.; 
C. Westinghouse, Central Bridge, N. Y„ for 
an excellent endless chain Horse Power, dip.; 
Wm. McCord, Sing Sing, best sweep Horse 
Power, S. S. M.; Eddy, Dyer ct Co., Union Vil¬ 
lage, Washington county, an eight horse sweep 
power improved, clip. 
Grain Drills. —Bickford ct Huffman, Mace- 
don, Wayne Co., best Grain Drill, with seed and 
fine manure attachment, dip. ct S. M.; P. Sey¬ 
mour, East Bloomfield, K. Y., an excellent 
broad cast Sower and Seed Drill, with grass and 
fine manure attachment, clip, ct S. S. M.; Foster 
ct Jesup, Palmyra, N. Y., a good Crain Drill 
with cast iron feeders of novel construction, dip. 
Inquiries an) ^nsluers. 
Sowing Apple Seeds. —When should apple 
seeds be sown, in the fall or spring ; and can 
you give me any information as to preparation 
of the ground method of sowing, management, 
etc. ? and oblige.— Stephen Angell, Jr., North 
Chili, N. Y. 
Apple seeds must be sown in the full. The 
land should be a dry, light, rich loam, worked 
till it is quite fine and mellow, and free from all 
weeds. Some sow the seed broadcast. This 
is not a good method, as in such a case it will 
be difficult to keep them clean the next sum¬ 
mer. Others sow them in broad drills, say six 
inches wide, and 15 to 20 inches between the 
rows. This is a better plan, and is the one 
commonly adopted. It appears to us, howev¬ 
er, that the rows might be a little closer, say 
12 to 15 inches, and the drill much narrower 
With drills six inches wide, there must be con. 
siderablc hand weeding, which in a narrow drill 
would be unnecessary. The seeds should be 
scattered in the drills quite thick. In a narrow 
drill they should cover the ground. 
Waste Manure. —The Maine Farmer fe¬ 
licitously says:—“ When farmers seethe crows 
pulling up and carrying off their corn, or the 
rats get in and destroy their grain or potatoes, 
they at once realize their loss, and immediate¬ 
ly take measures to stop and prevent it. But 
many of them lose more corn, more grain and 
potatoes, by neglecting to protect and preserve 
their barn-yard and compost heaps, than is an¬ 
nually destroyed by all the crows, and rats, and 
other varmints in the State. 
California Products. — The Californians 
boast largely of their big turnips and potatoes. 
Two turnips are mentioned, weighing 29 and 
3G tbs. each, and a sweet potato weighing 9 
pounds. 
Australian Wheat. —What isyour opinion of 
Australian Wheat ? I see some of the agricul¬ 
tural papers are “ cracking it up.” Is it really 
a superior seed wheat, worth $5 per bushel, as 
some ask for it ?— John Price, J fount Healthy , 0 
Australian Wheat in this vicinity lias proved 
a decided failure. It will not stand our cold 
winters, and does not ripen well, unless the 
summer should chance to be unusually hot and 
dry. In Virginia, Kentucky, and Southern 
Oliio, it is said to do well, it is unquestiona¬ 
bly a fine wheat, with a large, long, heavy ber¬ 
ry, containing much gluten, and making very 
superior flour. At least this is true in reference 
to the real Australian Wheat, grown in the 
Colony, and samples of which we saw and an- 
alized in England, some years ago. But that 
it will be found a valuable wheat, for the lati¬ 
tude of Western New York, is, to say the least, 
very doubtful. 
Scientific Agriculture. —I wish to become 
familiar with the science of agriculture, and 
thinking you well posted on the subject, I sho’d 
feel obliged for any information you can give 
me as to where it can be obtained, etc.—J. 
Monroeville, Ohio. 
A careful study of Johnston’s Elements ol 
Chemistry and Geology, and lectures on Agri¬ 
cultural Chemistry, • of Bousinoault’s Bural 
Economy, Mulder’s Chemistry of Vegetable 
Physiology, Morton on Soils, and Liebigs 
writings on Agricultural Chemistry—and 
Chemistry is but one branch t of the science ot 
Agriculture—can be obtained only by system¬ 
atic study under proper teachers, and by actu¬ 
al investigations in the laboratory. 
Be calm and steady; nothing will grow un¬ 
der a moving harrow. 
J 
