imt't Sural gUto-gffrlur: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary, and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED ET D. D. T. MOODE, 
WlTir AN ARLK CORPS OK ASSISTANTS AND CONTItlHCf OKS 
Tbk Rural Nsw-Yorkkr is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical 
Subjects connected with the business of those whose in¬ 
terests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings, than any other paper published in this Country,— 
rendering it a complete Agricultural, Literary and 
Family Newspaper. 
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Medicine, or deceptive adv'ts, published on any terms. 
Imal McMIffdict. 
whereas the investment of a few hundred dol- AHMEUING MILCH COW S. 
lars, in each instance, would not only increase . „ “V i 
, ’ „ t. The subiect of wintering milch eow3 is one 
the value of the farm, but yield more than le- . . ■ . . „ , 
, . . ,. . in which a large majority of our readers are 
gal in crest m the extra quality and quantity , , , . - ^ 
interested, for probably most of people who 
of the crops produced. '1 lus misdirection, or • • , , 
. . „ , . . own but a single domestic animal keep a cow, 
wrong application of capital, is one great cause , . , ,, 
° 11 / - , -t i r . • and those who are not thus limited generally 
of the unproductiveness of the soil and dilapi- . . , 
1 r c include more or less of these faithful creatures 
dated appearance of the buildings, tences, dec., t , ,, , 
11 „ . , , , ... among their stock. And the milch cow is 
on many naturally rich and desirable farms— ° 
J worthy of this distinction, bhe produces one 
the owners not realizing that they possess the , .... , 
, , , ‘ of the most wholesome and nutritious articles 
very safest and best banks for deposit and a is- . . , 
, or food which we possess—one always m cle- 
count in the whole country. , , , . , ,, . , 
„ ■ J . , mand, and which there is no other means ot 
Many of our readers, we apprehend, may . 
/ , , , . . - * . . supplying. Uood cows always command a 
properly be placed in a similar category with , ... T , , 
v , , , , , <• high price for they pay a good profit. But, 
the class last named. With them the lack of ? 1 5 , , *, ,, *• 
. , . , , ., ,, this profit depends largely on the attention 
capital is not so great a desideratum, as the 1 ‘ . ° J 
1 „ . , , ... they receive from their owners—whether they 
want of a disposition to apply a due amount o, J 
, , , 1 ‘ ,, . . arc so fed and cared tor that they are, thrifty, 
what they already possess to the improvement , .... , 
, ' , . „ , . . , healthy, and yield largely ot milk at all seasons 
the class last named. With them the lack o; 1 
... , , . ., , ,, this profit c 
capital is not so great a desideratum, as the 
, „ ° , . e they receive 
want of a disposition to apply a due amount o, J 
, , , 1 , * ,, . , arc so ted a 
what they already possess to the improvement 
, . J healthy, anc 
and increased productiveness of their mdividu- . t j ie , ear 
al premises. And that those herein interested 0 J ear- 
and addressed may see that we are not merely 1S , IJJ0 ' 
, . , , . . food alone, 
speculating and theorizing on the subject, we 
, .. .. ,, . •, culent and i 
will suggestively mention for their considera¬ 
tion, and perchance figuring, a few items in the a B V 
’ ‘ . . , j . . fodder. Ct 
way of farm enrichment and improvement 
It is poor economy to winter cows upon dry 
food alone. They need something more suc¬ 
culent and nutritious. A full flow of milk re¬ 
quires a generous supply of the right kind of 
fodder. Carrots, beets, parsnips, or turnips in 
Progress and Improvement. 
WA'iT OD USE OF CAPITAL U FARMING. 
The want of Capital, and the neglect to 
make a judicious use of it when possessed, are 
among the heaviest drawbacks upon the pros¬ 
perity of the agricultural community. In 
Farming, as in most other pursuits, Capital 
and Labor must be combined, and each wisely 
applied, to insure profitable results. Together 
they arc flic great levers of success, and, prop¬ 
erly directed, unconquerable.—yet either, un¬ 
aided by the other, is comparatively powerless. 
True, hundreds and perhaps thousands of our 
prosperous and well-to-do Western New ^ ork 
farmers commenced with little or no real cash 
capital—many of them possessing nothing but 
industry and energy, both necessary essentials 
to success—yet their progress has been contin¬ 
ually impeded, at first by the lack of sufficient 
means, and latterly for want of a disposition 
to invest their surplus earnings, or a due pro¬ 
portion of the same, for the enrichment and 
improvement of their estates. Nature accom¬ 
plishes wonders for the farmer, but even her 
face must be unwrinkled and caused to smile, 
—in other words, mother earth must be cleared, 
improved and well cultivated,—before the 
riches of her laboratory are produced in tho 
greatest abundauee and to the best advan¬ 
tage. Aud in order to accomplish this prop¬ 
erly, and most profitably, money, mind and 
muscle are important and prominent desidera¬ 
ta. The mere possession of these valuable 
items is of little avail, but their judicious ex¬ 
penditure largely augments the prosperity 
anu wealth of the husbandman,—a result more 
certain and permanent in his than in any other 
occupation. 
The proper application of Capital is one of 
the great needs of American Agriculture. If 
the money which has of late years been invest¬ 
ed in constructing parallel railroads, and other 
unnecessary and unproductive enterprises, were 
wisely expended in farming, its possessors and 
the country would soon be largely benefited.— 
Even if it did not immediately pay heavy divi¬ 
dends, the stock would be constantly improv¬ 
ing, and hence the investment prove perma¬ 
nently profitable—a result quito the reverse of 
what is true concerning some millions now 
buried, or lying dormant in tho hands or assets 
of soulless and dividendless corporations and 
gambling speculators. We trust the time is 
not far distant when farmers, at least, will pre¬ 
fer to use their spare capital, so far as it may 
be done advantageously, in permanent improve¬ 
ments upon their own premises,—from which 
they are certain of obtaining a return com¬ 
mensurate to the wisdom and extent of the ap¬ 
plication,—instead of investing it, with the ex¬ 
pectation of early and large dividends, in distant 
and questionable enterprises. Many farmers 
in this region have missed more than one figure, 
and sunk, temporarily if not forever, no trifling 
amounts by making foreign instead of needed 
home investments. Not a few with whom we 
are personally acquainted, have money in bank, 
or in bonds and mortgages at 7 per cent inter¬ 
est, whose farms are actually deteriorating,— 
_ , ,i- •• • „ i addition to hay and an occasional feed of 
winch would, in our opinion, give a handsome . • 
return for the investment of far more money 
and labor than are usually appropriated to 
such objects. In noticing different branches, 
we shall have little regard to the comparative 
or shorts,—a judicious use of hay, roots, and 
meal,—will keep the animals healthy and in 
good flow of milk even in winter. In England 
milch cows are fed principally on turnips and 
A SYMMETRICAL COTTAGE.-ELEVATION. 
prominence of either,-for each is more or less coarsc Fodder > imd ar0 stablod thr0 «J* the win " 
important, according to the location and cir- ter - They have a slight feed of straw or hay 
cumstances of the farmer. 5n the ™°rning, aad sliced turnips morning, 
Prominent among the necessary requisites noon - cnd Gening, with an occasional supply 
to good and profitable farming we should enu- S°od straw to their mangers. Their stables 
morale substantial and durable buildings, fen- are kept clean but well littered,, an.^ are also 
cos, Implements, wagons, &c. The judicious wcl1 ^ntilatod, avoiding as !hr as may be, cur- 
expenditure of money and care in obtaining rents >d air, from which cattle will taice cold as 
and preserving these, brings ample returns in wod as human beings. Lhe proper ventilation 
both profit aud pleasure—a proposition so evi- ot stables, both lor horses and cows is too of- 
dent to every intelligent reader that we need ten neglected. 
offer no argument in its support. The liberal 
investment of means to procure Domestic An¬ 
imals of the most desirable improved breeds— 
But all have not and cannot procure the 
proper supply of roots. The drouth of the 
past season injured materially or entirely cut 
thereby securing the best teams, cows, <fcc., as off the root crop in many parts of the country, 
well as the most profitable breeding stock—al- In this case hay and the coarser grains must ' 
ways pays the skillful husbandman good divi- be used, and these properly prepared answer 
dends, and is worthy the attention and cypher- very well the desired purpose. Good, well¬ 
ing of hundreds who breed and keep the most cured hay is far from being despised, even by 
common animals of the various kinds. The the most aristocratic of the Fill Pail breed, 
fact that an animal which will sell for $100 though if first passed through a good cutting 
can be produced and kept as easily and almost machine, it will be more readily and more eco- 
as cheaply os one worth only half that amount, nomically consumed. Give cows what hay 
proves that it is worth while to make an ex- they will fully dispose of, and a peek or so per 
penditnre to start properly in this branch ot day of bran, shorts, or provender, wet to a 
husbandry. A similar argument will apply to proper consistence, and seasoned with a little 
the production of good fruit, compared with salt, and they will continue in milk almost as 
the common and almost worthless sorts too long and give nearly as much as when supplied 
] generally grown—even in this fine fruit-grow- w ;th roots. Oats and barley, or oats and corn, 
j ing region, an 1 among farmers who profess to ground together, form a good mixture or prov- 
I understand and achieve profitable cultivation. elu ]er for this purpose. If corn meal alone is 
j The sketch headed “lhe One-Acre Farm, used, it should be mixed with cut straw or hay, 
1 published in our last number, though perhaps an( j slightly moistened—but a large quantity 
j somewhat highly colored, comeys a truthful j| ( j s g ru ; n p as a tendency to dry off the 
I lesson on this point, and one which may be ^Ik. It is better adapted to fattening than 
I profitably heeded by the great majority o) milk-making purposes. Both potatoes and 
! farmers throughout the country. 1 he procu- apples are excellent food for cows, but do not 
ring ot the purest seeds, ot the best varieties, p ro ,j uce lls rich milk as either beets or carrots, 
at even double the expense of t oul and inferior 'phese roots are probably among the best 
kinds, is an investment of the first importance. p 00l j s w hiuh can be provided—to be used in 
But in addition to the investments necessa- connection with other kinds of fodder. No 
ry to secure the best or most profitable build- single food will succeed as well as a proper 
ings, fences, implements, animals, fruits, seeds, variety. 
A SYMMETRICAL COTTAGE. 
For a suburban residence, the accompany- 1 
ing plan will please many of our readers. It is 
symmetrical, not over ornamental, and its size 
and cost are such ‘as to accommodate a large 
class of people. The number of those who 
can afford good houses increases every year, 
and they cannot expend money to better ad¬ 
vantage than to build them. The design is by 
Messrs. Austin & Warner, of this city, and 
first appeared in the Horticulturist, for Novem¬ 
ber. It is there said to be “an illustration of 
a Cottage made ornamental at a very trifling 
expense, and without sacrificing truthfulness to 
that kind of tasteful simplicity which is the 
true touchstone of Cottage beauty.” The 
plan is described as follows : 
This Cottage is entered by means of an 
ample hall, off which is the parlor, If) ft. by 15 
feet G inches. The dining and living room is 
entered from either the hall or parlor, and is 15 
ft. G in. by 14 ft., having closets, also a closet 
under stairs. Adjacent to the dining-room is 
the nursery, 14 ft. by 12 ft. G in , having a 
bathing-room and closet. Off of dining-room 
is the kitchen, 15 ft. 6 in. by 12 ft. G in., having 
an ample pantry, sink-room, &c. The back 
tie front room in second story would mike a 
bed-room if required, or a dressing-room at¬ 
tached to a large front bed-room. 
c 
•7.GX9.B 
16X9.6 . 2 . 8 x 6.5 
t-H r“ 
Kl TCH HN 
is oxi 2 . a 
PANTRY n 
OlNINC n 
156 X M 
&u., there other expenditures of perhaps equal 
importance, from which large dividends may 
be obtained by increased crops, while the value 
of the farm itself will be considerably euhauced. 
The thrift and health of all kinds of stock 
requires a supply of water, either frequently 
and statedly, or always within their reach. It 
should be brought into the barn-yard, that 
Among these may be mentioned the expense cattle need not be compelled to wander off to 
of manures and fertilizers, under-drainage, deep 
tillage, the clearing and rendering productive 
a distant stream or pond through the storm 
and cold. Such a journey they will not un¬ 
waste land, (such as is now more or less cover- dertake unless quite thirsty, when, were the 
ed with stumps, logs, stones, Arc.,) and the ex- water within their reach, they would drink 
penditnre ot more Libor, as well as money, much more frequently, but less at a time, not 
upon the acres cultivated. Each ot these injuring themselves by abstinence at oue time 
points, or branches, will pay for more than or- or an 0V er supply at another. Their comfort 
dinary attention and expense — yielding in in this respect as well as in shelter and clean- 
ordinary seasons, and by proper management, [mess is the best economy, as an animal well- 
better returns than the average ot railroad, cared for and kept warm and clean, requires 
bank, or similar stock investments. less food to keep it in thrifty condition. The 
_This subject comprises other interesting best management is generally the cheapest in 
features beside those to which we have alluded the end, and is always the most satisfactory to 
— including the advatages of investing capital the thorough going farmer. We shall be glad 
in the purchase and improvement of both new if these hints cull out from some such any im¬ 
am! worn out lands,— but want of space for- provement or modification of the course we 
bids its further discussion at present. We may have indicated, drawn from a wider experience 
recur to it iu a future number. than our own. 
», 20 39 
GROUND FLOOR. 
stairs ascend from the sink-room, which is a 
great convenience, as slops, &c., from the 
second story can be brought down these stairs 
without being seen from any of the principal 
rooms. Entrance to the cellar from the kitch¬ 
en. In the hall is the principal stairs leading 
to second story, which is divided into bed¬ 
rooms having closets attached; also inclosed 
stairs to attic, in which there are three large 
sleeping-rooms, with store-rooms, &c. The lit- 
second floor. 
First story 9 ft. 6 in. high; second story S ft. 
high. The superstructure is framed, sheathed 
on the outside with l.j inch boards about 9 in. 
wide, put on horizontally, and rebated to imi¬ 
tate block work, and painted three good coats, 
the last two to be sanded; thus making the 
building appear like a stone one, with very 
little expense. To be plastered on the insid 
two coats (browning and white finish). The 
iuside finish is to be plain and neat Archi¬ 
traves in principal story to be 7 inches wide, 
bevelled bands; those in the second story, G in. 
The building finished complete, will cost about 
$2,000. 
Ventilation or Stahles —We have some¬ 
times speculated as to which stable is most in¬ 
imical to the health and comfort of horses, 
the one with an inch between each plank in 
the floor, a hole in the door, a clapboard olT 
one side and a broken window in the other 
with a leaky roof, or a small, tightly built one 
without any means of ventilation. Unfortu¬ 
nately there are too many of each class in all 
sections of the country. But the number is 
we trust, yearly getting less. See to it, how¬ 
ever, you who have had energy enough to build 
a neat, good, substantial barn that from lack of 
judeious ventilation your horses are not as 
much injured in eyes and lungs from the lack 
of good air and the constant exhalation of 
noxious vapors, as they would be in other re¬ 
spects in the tumble-down barn of your neigh¬ 
bor Shiftless. 
Every farmer should have a corn sheller 
i the size to be regulated by that of his crop. 
— - - -l r, 
