367 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER; AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
m 
(Irdjari) imts darftnt, 
PARKS AND PLEASURE GROUNDS. 
Tiik leading 1 article of the Horticulturist 
MATHEWS’ CURCULK) REMEDY. 
In the September number of the Horticul¬ 
turist, you make the inquiry, in regard to Mr. 
Mathews’ Curcuiio Remedy. 1 made an ap¬ 
plication to quite a number of trees, and in 
every instance I was very successful. The 
tiees had overloaded crops, and all who have 
h>r November, touches a question of much in- j seen the trees were surprised. Another ad- 
terest to all classes, and especially to all intel- j vantage which they possessed over the trees 
ligent agriculturists. The present is a time of | 111 lhis vicinity, where the shaking and killing 
progress and improvement unparalleled before- 
Better implements, improved stock, thorough 
cultivation, comfortable and tasty houses, good 
orchards and gardens, are everywhere seen; 
the farming interet is evidently increasing in 
wealth and importance. This is as it should 
process was resorted to, is, that not a single 
plum rotted on any of the trees where Mr. 
Mathews’remedy was applied, while the com¬ 
plaint was universal from those persons who 
had practiced the shaking process. Mr. 
Mathews’ remedy had but one applicati n, 
while the shaking process lasted four to six 
weeks On a tree o ['Princes Imperial Gage, 
be, for it is at the foundation of all true pros- owned by one of the citizens of .Syracuse, on 
perity. which the curcuiio had stung nearly all the 
Attractive as this picture mav be, it might cro P a *' an early day in the season, the owner 
, .... , , ,nu„ e 1 j a was enabled to find about forty plums which 
have additional charms. 1 he useful and the . ^ • ,, 
were yet perfect, or tree from injury, lie 
profitable should not only be considered, but catno me, and said if L could save those 
thought should be given to tho beautiful and plums,—That is, the forty,—lie woulu believe 
the intellectual. And the question which our in the remedy. 1 made he application once 
contemporary takes up is “ llow shall she far- 0II ^’» and ad ^ ie P- Ilms punctured fell oil, while 
, , " , , .. , , , those unslung at the time, remained so and 
mers home and the farmers life be made more ripened i|Uo ° erfect [Vuit . I had the pleasure 
attractive?” How shall we fix the love oi of showing Mr. Charles Downing and Dr. 
home and the feeling which clings lo “the old Grant the identical tree, with its ripe plums 
farm” more deeply in the hearts of our agri- ou > ot which they ate some- 
cultural population? It then gives the follow- , regards the Committees appointed, they 
1 ; ° have all concluded to test it another season 
iug suggestions on parks and pleasure grounds: before they report. With some, the success 
Make home attractive;—cultivate the taste, has been unprecedented in some cases, and 
and feelings, and affections, as well as you do not so good in others; which partial failure 
your fields. Why should a wealthy farmer Mr. Mathews attributes to an imperfect uppli- 
with his 50, 100. or 200 or 300 acres of land, cation of the remedy. 
content himself with a rod or two of door- For the benefit of the public, I will state 
yard, and a dozen of shade trees, shaped and that one of the committee appointed by the 
fashioned after the precise fashion of a village New York State Agricultural Society 7 , wrote 
plot? Why can lie not, just as well, have a me that he had a few trees in his yard, or lot. 
park and pleasure ground of several acres To otic he applied Mr. Mathews’remedy, and 
around his house, broad glades of lawn, and the others the shaking and killing process. (1 
groups of trees, separated from the cultivated write now from recollection, not having his let- 
porlions of the farm by green hedges? This, ter before me.) The one to which Mr. Math* 
with a well stocked orchard and good ample ews’ remedy was applied (only once) had an 
kitchen garden, would come up to our ideas of enormous crop of fruit; once or twice lie shook 
a country home; and it would be impossible oil’or picked off half of the fruit, and then the 
for children to grow up in such a home with- tree was too full, audit was evenly distributed 
out becoming attached to it, and having their over the whole tree. Wit the other system, 
tastes expanded, their feelings refined, or with- he had to continue from day to day, for weeks, 
out appreciating the comforts and blessings of shaking, catching, and killing, and the result 
a country life. A rod or two of a door-yard was a moderate crop only. Thus the super¬ 
ior a Tann house!—what a mockery! T here ority of Mr. Mathews’s remedy—a large crop 
is something incongruous in the very look of and one application. 
it that cannot fail to strike every observing 
person; it wants what the lamented Downing 
called -local truth" in architecture. 
But some careful farmer will ask us, “ How 
can we afford to lay 7 out parks and pleasure- 
grounds, and keep them in fine condition? It 
In another experiment by the same person 
in another lot, lie was not as successful as in 
his home lot, but expresses himself decidedly 
that it is the best remedy ever offered, so far. 
In order that they may give it another trial, 
and be particular in each application, the com- 
would cost us more than the whole labor of miu ees have agreed to test it again next sea- 
our farms. Only think of what an expendi- son ’ and ^ ien re P_ or ^ Ma¬ 
ture of money and labor this hedging, and ^ Mr. Mathews, in a late letter to me, says he 
planting, and mowing this pleasure-ground wager $100 on any tree, in any soil, and 
would involve. It would all be very well if af >ywhere, that he will save a full crop by one 
we could afford it; but that we can not, and application of his remedy. 1 have, from my 
we must leave it to retired gentlemen who experiments, the fullest confidence in it.— V. 
have made their fortunes in town, and come Fahnestock, Syracuse, .Y Y. in Hurticult. 
out into the country to spend them.” --— - 
But we reply, You can carry out our plan SWEET APPLES. 
without incurring a heavy expense. Hun- - 
dreds ot farmers in our own county ol Monroe Whoever will introduce a new richly flavor- 
can make such a park as we propose, without ed, sweet winter apple of good size, or supply 
feeling the cost. Fence off, with Osage, Or- the market with any good varieties not grown, 
ange or Buckthorn, at a cost of about twenty will find a fair profit, and supply the pans of 
to twenty-five cents a rod, five to ten acres of unnumbered excellent housewives with the 
land immediately around your dwelling. Feed means of preparing a most delicious dessert.— 
it down, and it will produce good crops of JY. E. Farmer. 
hay- \ ou can get plenty ol young Maples, We like the above suggestions: If any man 
Finis, Tulip-trees, Basswoods, Ash, and other does not like a good sweet apple well baked, 
native trees, in the woods, which can be taken his taste and ours is very different. Why then, 
up and planted at leisure intervals in the fall, asks one, are sweet apples such a drug in the 
when farm labor is over, and early in spring, market? They are not. There may oe times 
before it commences, and ever during winter, when early sweet apples are plenty. We have 
in mild weather. Until the trees are well es- several varieties of these and their day is a 
tablishcd, it will be necessary to cultivate the very short one. But about four weeks are al- 
B iil around them. It will not be necessary to lowed for gathering, marketing and consuming 
cover the whole ground with trees, but merely nearly one half of the good varieties of sweet 
to scatter them here and there in groups, and 
singly, t.o give it a park-like character which 
apples the market affords; and this is just the 
time when other fruits are iu the greatest 
THOROUGH DRAINAGE FOR GRAPE VINES. 
Wk have, in our garden, two Isabella vines, 
both well covered with fruit. The older and 
larger vine, which ought to give the finer 
; fruit, has many of its bunches badly mildewed, 
i though its exposure is on the south side of the 
i house. The younger vine has scarcely a mil¬ 
dewed grape upon it, and the bunches are very 
uniformly ripened, though it stands upon the 
south-east side of a board fence, and has little 
sun after ten o'clock a. m. The latter has a 
very perfect drainage, the bottom of the bor¬ 
der being laid with ox sculls. The former has 
no such provision to carry off the surplus wa¬ 
ter, though it is abundantly furnished with 
bones. \Ve attribute the whole difference to 
drainage. 
In preparing vine borders, make provision 
for thorough drainage, and make the border 
deep, broad, and rich, if we were to prepare 
a border as thoroughly for a vineyard, we 
think we should have Isabellas and (Jatawbas 
oFinuch larger growth, and finer quality, il 
we could in this way get bunches of two or 
three pounds’ weight, instead of half a pound, 
it would pay for the extra expense. Thorough 
drainage, we are convinced by our experiment, 
is a great safeguard against the mildew, and 
hastens the maturity of the fruit. 
Now is a good time to prepare the borders, 
though we have found Spring much the best 
time for setting the vines. A southern expo¬ 
sure with a little slope, is the best location for 
a border, but a trench four feet wide, at least, 
and four deep; and at the lower end, see that 
there is some provision made for the water to 
pass off. Put a layer of coarse cobble-stones 
at the bottom, say six inches thick—then a 
layer of bones, and then your compost, and sur¬ 
face earth. This will give you grapes worth 
eating.— Amer. Agr. 
STRAWB ERRY R UNNERS. 
These should be contemplated in the light 
of weeds, and destroyed. They are no less 
detrimental to the plants than ordinary kinds 
of spurious vegetation, and produce effects 
equally as deleterious upon the crop. A wri¬ 
ter in the Gardeners Chronicle remarks, “ So 
convinced am 1 of the propriety of cultivating 
this fruit in separate and distinct plants, and of 
cutting off’the runners, that I have this season 
taken out a plant between each of my planta¬ 
tions—thus making the distance between each 
plant four feet bp three.” This is, perhaps, 
running somewhat too far into the opposite 
extreme, but there can be no question shat an 
open arrangement is preferable to a close and 
crowded one. 
A writer in one of the agricultural journals 
in course of observations ou Strawberry Cul¬ 
ture, after asserting his opinion that most per¬ 
sons allow their vines “ to run themselves to 
death” says:—“If you would observe the 
plants that bear the best in the fields, you will 
see that they are those which have but few or 
no runnel’s; while those which have run very 
much, and become matted, bear little or no 
fruit. This is a lesson worth observing, when 
you come to cultivate the strawberry in the 
garden. Where the wild plant has not sent, 
much runner, from some cause oc other, you 
will find the stock large aud strong, the leaves 
broad and healthy, and the fruit, which has 
the benefit of both sun and air, is large and 
high flavored. If you have strawberry pluuts 
in your garden, keep the runners down to a 
foot in length, and yi»u will make them health¬ 
ier and more fruitful.”— JV. E. Farmer. 
IJlcdimtk Aits, &t. 
will distinguish it at once from the cultivated abundance and perfection. Throw into the 
fields. A little can be done now, and a little market to-day an apple as geod as the early 
again, as leisure affords; and in a few years the Bolden Sweet, and Jet the price be such as to 
work will show. Meantime the land is cropped bring it within the reach of the frugal aud in- 
profhably; forliay is always a paying crop and dustrious portion of the community, and it 
an indispensable one The ground nearest the would command a ready market, to an extent 
house may be planted with some rarer trees—a far above the ability of the country to supply, j 
portion ot tin m evergreens. A small portion of But the wants of the community are to "a I 
the ground near the house might be separated great extent artificial. A vast many articles ! 
b-om the main body ol the park by a wire in every department of living, have now be- 
feuee, or movable hurdle fence, and kept come, in our view indispensable, which a few 
mowed; audit embellished with a few flower- years since were unknown. W'e see an article, 
iug shrubs, and a few beds ot flowers, all the we try it, we like, continue to use, and fee! that 
better. But these, lor economy’s sake, can we cannot live comfortably without it Such 
very well be dispensed with. When the plant- will, we are confident, be the case with sweet 
ing is finished, and the trees fairly established, apples of goud size and flavor. Let them be 
tiie park might be pastured with sheep, as produced in quantities that will enable the 
many parks are in Europe; and thus it would cultivator to use economy in the production 
always have a closely cut surface without the and sale, and a fair profit maybe secured to 
expense of mowing, and the sheep would be an him, while the price shall still enable the con- 
interestiug feature in its scenery. When for- sumer to use freely, without the idea of a high 
est trees are not within reach, we would ree- priced luxury. Now a bushel nf prime ap- 
onniieiid the raising of them from seed, or pies costs two-thirds of a bushel of wheat, aud 
suia'.I plants can be purchased at the nurseries more in oiil- market than wheat in a western 
for §2 or $3 per IOC), which, with a couple of one. 
years growth in nursery rows, will be fit tor final \Ye ni! ^ learn a lesson from the use of np- 
pkuiting out. Only go about it, and the means pies now.’ They cost too much to eat, yet 
will not be wanting. custom has made it requisite in all families to 
-, _have pies made of apples. These are called a 
r> ,, T . necessary article, and most families will use ! 
1 reserving Cabbages in W inter.-I have uum , 01 / loss apples in tLis wav> Jet the price 
a method of preserving cabbages through the be what it may. This custom arose when ap- 
winter, which l consider very simple and at pies which would answer for pies were plenty 
the same time very good. aud cheap, and it continues when they are 
T , , , . . , scare and dear. So let good sweet apples, not 
I select a dry spot m my garden, and pile those tough as white oak, astringent Z a gall 
niy cubages upon it, turning the roots inwards nut, bitter as a pig walnut, or dry as a pc-ce of j 
and placing them as compactly as possible— cork, be furnished fieely, and they will i-oon be- 
not more than 20 or 2G heads should be put 001110 an essential article of good living, and a j 
in one heap,-then cover 5 or G inches thick demau <?’ COIlduoive 1° tlie of ,he 
... , producers, and to the happiness and advantage 
with dirt alone. I he loose, outside leaves of the eonsumei, will be Seated, 
should be taken off. Loose heads, and those 
not fully grown, will come out tine iu the 
spring—as fine as by any oilier process, l . ? "° vegetablo more wasting to the 
/ ° c a, . fertility of the soil than tanzy, while it adds 
have practiced this method for the past 1- j the least of any to its fertility by being turned 
years without a single failure. r. b. w. I to manure after having been used. 
Games tic (fccomm 
Apple Molasses. —We, for one, confess to 
a love of good, properly prepared apple mo¬ 
lasses. For this purpose the sweetest apples 
should be selected. The cider must be taken 
fresh from the press before fermentation com¬ 
mences, and slowly boiled down in a copper 
kettle. From four to five gallons of cider will 
make one of molasses. Great caution is neces¬ 
sary towards the termination of the process to 
avoid burning. The cider should be boiled 
down till when cold it is as thick as West India 
molasses. If the apples are not sweet a lit t ie 
sugar or molasses may be added during the 
boiling down. In fact, we prefer to do so in 
all cases, the peculiar flavor of the apple mo¬ 
lasses improves the West India molasses, and 
the latter, to our mind, improves the former 
and improves its keeping qualities. The prac¬ 
tice however is not common. The various 
uses of apple molasses will present themselves 
to the mind of every lover of mince, apple, or 
tart pies, summer beer, and other luxuries. 
To Boil Eggs —Put a pint of water into a 
small pan; when boiling, j>ut two eggs in, and 
boil according to size—from two and a half to 
four minutes. Fresh-laid eggs will not take so 
long, and if only just set, are excellent for 
clearing the voice. 
To boil them for toast, they require six min¬ 
utes; take them out, throw them in cold water, 
remove the shell, and cut them into slices; put 
them on the battered toast, a little pepper and 
salt, and serve. These are excellent with a 
little catsup put on the eggs, then with bread 
crumbed, salamatidered over, and serve. 
Blacking Balls. —One pound ivory black, 
one pound lampblack, one quarter pound gum 
arabic dissolved in water, six ounces brown 
sugar, half an ounce of melted glue, one quart 
of water, and make all into balls. 
To Whiten the Teeth. —Mix honey with 
finely powdered charcoal, and use the paste as 
a dentrifiee. 
To Sew new and stiff Oloth Easily.— 
Pass a cake of white soap a few times over it, l 
und the needle will penetrate easily. 1 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office. 
For the week ending Oct. 31, 1854. 
Nathan Atherton, of Philadelphia, improve¬ 
ment in steam engines. 
Abraham Bassford. New York, improved key 
for tuning piano fortis. 
A. A. ana G. M. Babcock. Westerly, improved 
press for printing in colors. 
Charles Balder, New York, for knife dye for 
cutting leather straps for whips. 
Joseph Barker, Honesdaie, Pa., improvement 
in grain winnowers. 
Ephraim Brown, Lowell, for improved bur¬ 
glar.-.’ alarm. 
William Clemson, Boston, improvement in 
apparatus for tempering and flattening saws. 
Harry H. Evarts, Chicago, assignor to himself 
ami A. J. Brown, of same place, for shingle ma¬ 
chine. 
Junius Foster, Green Point, for improved bur¬ 
glars’ alarm. 
W m. Gates, Jr., Frankford, N. Y„ machine for 
filling match frames. 
Robert Heneage, Lowell, improvement in 
tooth clothing for picker cylinder. 
John C. Howe, of Milwaukee, improvement in 
fire arms. 
John Harris, Lansingburg, and John B. Stoll 
and Galen Richmond, of Troy, improvement in 
machinery for making rope and cordage. 
Chesley Jarnagin, Clinton, Tenn., improved 
seats for wagons. 
Richard Kitson, Lowell, improvement in ma¬ 
chinery for picking cotton and other fibrous sub- 
si ances. 
John M. Krider, of Newton, Stephensburgh, 
Ya„ improvement in tailors’ measuring instru¬ 
ments. 
Samuel Lenher, Philadelphia, for attachment 
to siphon. 
Warren and Charles F. Liilibridge, Zanesville, 
improved tailor’s measure. 
Janies E. McConnell, Wolverton, England, 
improvement in Railroad car axles. 
Daniel Moore, Williamsburgh, improvement 
in cartridges for breech loading fire-arms. 
Daniel Moore, Wiliiamsburgh, for improved 
powder flask for breech loading guns. 
Vincent Palen, Portsmouth, Va., for improved 
arrangement in mechanism for sawing off piles 
under water. 
John Richardson, New York, improved pen 
ami pencil case. 
Elhanan W. Scott, Lowell, for machine for 
manufacturing mast-hoops. 
Wibiam J. Stevenson, New York, improved j 
soldering furnace. 
Samuel R. Thorp, Batavia, improvement in 
od< • meters. 
Julius Thompson, Middleboro’, N. Y., im¬ 
provement in odometers. 
Samuel Vansyckel, Little York, N. J.,for im¬ 
provement in grate bars. 
R. A. Wilder, Sclmykill Haven, improved 
arrangement in spark arresters for heating feed 
water. 
S. R. Wilmot, New Haven, for water meter. 
Alonzo S. Woodward, Lowell, and Benj. F. 
Bartlett, Pepperell, Mass., for improvement in 
machinery for cutting rags for making paper. 
William Sewall, Brooklyn, improvement in 
surface condensers. Patented in England, Jan. 
I 13, 1854. 
KE-ISSUE. 
Jearum Atkins, Chicago, for improvement in 
rakes to grain harvesters. Patented December 
21, 1852. 
DESIGNS. 
Isaac DeZonche, Troy, for design for brackets. 
Nathaniel S. Price, Boston, Mass., assignor to 
Franklin, Muzzy ifc Co., Bangor, and Allen 
Lombard, Augusta, Me., for design for Franklin 
fire places. 
additional improvements. 
Martin Newman, 2d. and N. C. Whitecomb, 
Lanesboro’, Pa., and G. C. Cole, Hartford, Ct., 
for improvement in whiffle tree hooks. Letters 
patent dated Feb. 21, 1854. 
Win. Thornley, of Philadelphia, for improved 
safetv-washer for securing wheels to axles. Let¬ 
ters patent dated Sept, 19, 1851. 
INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION AT PARIS. 
The Palais cle TTndustrie is nearly finished, 
and it will be ready to receive the goods at 
the specified time, viz., 15th January to the 
loth of March, 1853. 
It seems that every Frenchman takes inter¬ 
est and pride in this national affair. The City 
Government of Paris makes great efforts to 
give to Paris a bright appearance for the oc¬ 
casion. All houses are scraped, painted and 
renovated: the Rue do Rivoli will be finished, 
the Tuileries are in progress, aud will be free 
from the scaffolding about that time: the great 
new American hotel is just springing from the 
ground; all and everybody are busy for the 
universal exhibition. 
The Palais de l'lndustrie is really a splendid 
edifice. It is only half the size of the London 
Crystal Palace, yet it is roomy, and very ad¬ 
vantageously constructed for the object. It 
is a combination of stone, iron and glass, 
blended in the most happy manner, of grace¬ 
ful appearance, yet stroug, and built for centu¬ 
ries. A lofty triumphal arch forms the prin¬ 
cipal entrance, a monument in itself. The en¬ 
tablature is supported by heavy ornamental 
Corinthian columns. A collo.-al group of al¬ 
legorical figures, representing France protect¬ 
ing the Arts and Industry, by M. Robert, sur¬ 
mounts the archway. The frieze is enriched j 
by a beautiful bas-relief by M. Deboeux, rep¬ 
resenting Agriculture, Industry and the Arts. | 
The bas-reliefs over the arch are designed and j 
executed by Messrs. Villaire and Diebolt, and i 
rival with t'he rest of the sculpture in beauty 
and vigor of design. 
The interior, as well as the exterior, is ex¬ 
ceedingly imposing, and we have had opportu-; 
nay to hear repeatedly from persons who saw I 
the’ London Crystal Palace, that the Palace de 
l’lndustrie surpasses the former in every res- { 
poet except size The Government is just j 
building another large building for the paint- j 
ings and statuary, and for the heavy machine- j 
ry requiring steam and water-power. This j 
structure and the main building give, togeth- I 
er. as much room as there was in tho Crystal | 
Palace. | 
Every American who sees this extensive and 
splendid preparation for tho second \\ orld’s i 
Fair, cannot otherwise than desire that the 
Tinted States should be well represented, es¬ 
pecially as the French Government, aside from 
its liberality in r gat’d to the free admission 
and transportation of the articles from and to 
the seaport towns of France, has allotted a 
large space for the United States, in a very 
conspicuous situation, worthy a great nation. 
We know that the United States cannot yet 
excel in articles of luxury, but here are innu¬ 
merable articles of utility, of incredible excel¬ 
lence and cheapness, which will furnish tiie 
best proofs of the rapid progress of American 
industry, and establish our superiority in many 
respects over that of other countries. We 
are sure that all kinds of agricultural imple¬ 
ments will surpass the English as well as those 
from other countries, and they will sell well — 
The same will be the case with raw gins and 
cotton roller gins, very important articles for 
Algeria, Egypt, &c. 
PADDLE-BOX LIFE-BOAT. 
The late terrible disaster upon the Afantic 
appears to have given a new impulse to the 
spirit of invention, and there is a strong prob¬ 
ability that improvements will be made or 
measures devised whereby travelling on our 
great steamers will be rendered far more safe 
than it has hitherto been. Among the more 
I recent projects for affording greater security to 
the travehiug public is au invention, by Mr. 
Thomas Hodgson, of Brooklyn. As w’e un¬ 
derstand it, the upper portion of the paddle 
boxes is to be so constructed that it can be 
removed in case of necessity and converted 
into permanent life-boats, to be so arranged 
that they may lie supplied with water, provis¬ 
ions, &c., and rendered comparatively comfor¬ 
table. 'They are so planned that they may be 
unshipped at pleasure and in a very few ’mo¬ 
ments transformed into a kind of vessel or 
float that cannot be sunk, though entirely fill¬ 
ed with water. Preliminary measures have 
been taken to secure a patent lor the discove¬ 
ry, both in this country and England. A mod¬ 
el is in possession of Messrs. Munn & Co., and 
any information in regard to the invention may 
be obtained of 'Thomas A. Wilkinson, No, 26 
Beach-place, Brooklyn. 
The New Austrian Gun. —The new gun, 
of which Austrian m iitary men are to pr -ad, 
only differs from the common musket in the 
Let that six very superficial grooves are cut 
down the inner surface of the bane, 'i he 
surface of the lower part of the bullet, which 
is very soft lead, is < e -ply notched, and the 
action of the ramn d uaturdiy forces tiie pro¬ 
jecting edges of the bullet into the gro jves — 
Flie barrels are furnished at the breech with, 
what is technically called a “thorn.” '1 h s 
thorn, or tige, is a round solid piece of iron, 
projecting nearly an inch and a half nti the 
inner and lower part of the barrel. Round 
the thorn, that is, between the thorn and the 
inner surface of tiie barrel, there is naturally 
an empty space, and into this the cha ge of 
powder falls. When the indented or crimped 
bullet is rammed down, it. completely tills the 
lower part of the grooves but cau descend no 
further than the point or top of the thor.i; 
“and the consequence is, that the powder, 
being subjected to no pressure, every gra n of 
it ignites at one and the same time, and pro¬ 
pels the ball w’ith prodigious force.” 
Cast and Wrought Iron Water Picks.— 
A correspondent inquires of us, if we can 
furni.-h him with data for calculat ng" t e 
length of time wrought iron water pipes will 
endure iu a sand and clay soil. We cannot, 
because the time required to thoroughly rust 
wrought iron depends on certain conditions.— 
Wrought iron rusts with extraordinary rapidi¬ 
ty when exposed to a moist atmosphere, and 
especially a sea air. It also oxydizes very 
rapidly when buried in a porous* moist soil, 
and especially what is called sour water, such 
as water contain ng vegetable sap, like that of 
decayed leaves, &c. But wrought iron pipes 
covered with a ti in routing of red lead, thor¬ 
oughly dried, and another on the top of this 
of coal tar, then laid underground in a bed i. f 
cemeut, will endure for a century. Cast iron 
pipes, however, are generally employed for 
conveying water underground, and we think 
they are preferable, being cheaper, and not 
subject to rust.— Scientific American. 
Experiments of Prof. Airy in a Co al Pit. 
—One of the most interesting astronomi •: 1 ex¬ 
periments that has been for many years at¬ 
tempted in Emope, is just being perform, d by 
the Astronomer Royal at Greenwich, i t a coal 
pit near South Shields, 1260 feet (or nearly a 
quarter of a mile) deep, in which a room has 
been fitted, provided with a pendulum and a 
series of delicate instruments c nstructed for 
the purpose. Above, on the surface, exactly 
vertical to the room below, is another room, 
its exact counterpart. In those rooms delicate 
pendulum observations are being made day 
and night to test the density of the earth by 
the number of oscillations in 24 hours, above, 
compared with the number below.— London 
Paper. 
An Ingeniously mads Clock.—A n artist in 
Philadelphia has invented a clock that runs a 
whole year without winding but once. The 
place of the pendulum wire is occupied by a 
straight watch spring, to which is attached a 
horizontal brass plate of the size of a twenty- 
five cent piece. In the circumference of this 
plate are inserted six small round bars, from 
the outer end of which depend six heavy lead¬ 
en balls. The whole arrangemet turns on its 
own axis, the minute hand moving with it for 
one minute, when it stops and turns in tae op¬ 
posite direction the succeediug three minutes. 
Each minute requires three revolutions. 
By the ingenuity of Abel Russell, of Brook¬ 
lyn, N. Y., it is said a complete rocking-ciiair 
is so formed that when not required for me it 
may be folded up and packed away in a trunk, 
or it may be extended to form a comfortable 
couch. 
* 5 “ 
