MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
an^r (larkn. 
THE HEW EDEN. 
BY OLIVKR WENDELL HOLMES. 
When man provoked his mortal doom, 
And Eden trembled as he fell, 
When blossoms sighed their last perfume, 
And branches waved their long farewell. 
One sucker crept beneath the gate, 
One seed was wafted o’er the wall, 
One bough sustained his trembling weight; 
These left the garden,—these were all. 
And far o’er many a distant zone 
These wrecks of Eden still are flung; 
The fruits that Pamdiso hath known 
Are still in earthly gardens hung. 
Yes. bv our own unstoried stream 
The pink-white apple-blossoms burst, 
That saw the young Euphrates gleam,—• 
That Gihon’s circling waters nursed. 
For us the ambrosial pear displays 
The wealth its arching branches hold, 
Bathed by a hundred summery days 
In floods of mingling fire and gold. 
And here, where beauty’s cheek of flame 
With morning’s earliest beam is fed, 
The sunset painted peach may claim 
To rival its celestial red. 
| MANURE FOR FRUIT TREES. 
i - 
j We select the following prescription, by A. 
> J. Downing, from the second volume of the 
Horticulturist 
The best compost for all fruit trees (with¬ 
out endeavoring to suit the wants’of each par¬ 
ticular fruit,) is a compost of peat or swamp 
muck, reduced, or rendered available to plants, 
by unleached wood ashes. The peat should, if 
possible, be dug and carted out in the winter, 
though it will answer if dug in the spring. As 
earl} in the spring as is convenient, mix thor¬ 
oughly the wood ashes with the peat, in pro¬ 
portion of five bushels of good hard wood ash¬ 
es to one wagon load of peat. Let the heap 
lie a week, turn it over to incorporate more 
thoroughly, and in two or three weeks it will 
be lit for use. This compost, or manure, con¬ 
tains largely, lime, potash, phosphate, and veg¬ 
etable matter, the elements most necessary to 
the growth and health of fruit trees generally 
—aud in a state ready for food for these trees. 
In a subsequent number of the Horticultu¬ 
rist is a ietUr from L. Wyman, Jr., of West 
Cambridge, in which he says: 
I have used and recommended the compost 
you speak of in the March number of the Hor¬ 
ticulturist, in your article on “ISpecial Manure 
for Fruit Tree.-,” as a manure for the pear tree 
in particular. I have usually added to the 
compost, say in measure, one peck of fine iron 
filings, or one peck and a half of crude turn¬ 
ings of iron, to each load of peat or muck, and 
in that proportion for a larger or smaller quan¬ 
tity; and have always noticed the most favora¬ 
ble result. 
Two years since I applied this compost to a 
large pear tree which stood in a damp, loamy 
sod, but which had not borne any fruit of con¬ 
sequence, for six or seven years in succession, 
although it grew rapidly in size and sent out a 
large number of fine healthy shoots. The owner 
of the tree proposed engrafting some other 
kinds of scions upon the stock, it being a fine 
variety (the Andrews.) I recommended “one 
year's patience.’’ lie then said—“ What would 
you do with it?” 1 replied—“I would attempt 
to remove it, or give it a better soil, and one 
more adapted to its wants.” He remarked— 
“ Very well, take it under your charge; 1 will 
spare it this year.” 
After examining the soil very carefully, I 
found, as before remarked, a clayey loam, quite 
damp, and the tree growing in alone situaiion. 
1 caused nearly all the earth to be removed 
from the roots of the tree, and the turf taken 
off in a circle seven feet in diameter, leaving 
the nee in the middle of a pan, caused by a 
removal of the sod and earth. I then applied 
a sufficient quantity of compost to till the hole 
full, the whole new soil rising a little above 
the body of the tree. The quantity of muck 
used was one quarter less in this instance, as I 
believed the tree required not so large a quan¬ 
tity of meek as one would growing in a higher 
location, but rather more sand. I used sand. 
My compost was formed as follows: three 
paits of muck to one part of sand, and a pro¬ 
portionate quantity of potash water; and iron | 
filings, one peck and a half to the load. The 
tali or leading shoots of the tree were short¬ 
ened, the tree well scraped and trimmed, etc. 
The result of this application was a full crop 
of pairs, and the tree making, the same year, 
a good growth of wood, every way healthy; 
the fruit, two barrels and one-half, grew fair 
and ripened well; and the tree has ever since 
borne a good crop, and continues to grow vig¬ 
orously. This is, to my own mind, a sufficient! 
test of the utility and value of the compost j 
you commend in your widely extended and 
truly valuable work. 
Malt, as an article of manure for the plum 
tree, i have long known to be valuable, and 
have used to a considerable extent. 
Red Astrachan Apple. —This is a very 
beautiful and valuable apple — not of first 
quality for eating, but unequalled in its season, 
for cooking. V ery early; while yet quite small 
it makes an excellent pie. The trees bear 
young and abundantly; the fruit iu clusters.— 
Gather them for cooking freely, thinning the 
fruit so as to leave, so far as you may be able 
to reach, only one or two in a place. By this 
two objects are gained—the fruit left grows 
larger and finer, and the palate is gratified._ 
Get one tree at least, and let it branch low so 
that a great portion of the fruit may be reach¬ 
ed by means of a step-ladder. Ripens in Au¬ 
gust. II. p. N. 
THE CONCORD GRAPE. 
Numerous correspondents write us that they 
were disappointed at not finding an expression 
of our opinion of this fruit, in the October 
number. We will give it now. It was pre¬ 
sented, in large quantises, before the Borno¬ 
logical Society at Boston, and since then we 
have been able to examine it carefully at home, 
Mr. Bull having politely sent us a box of them. 
It is a large, handsome grape, both bunch and 
berry resembling the Isabella in appearance, 
save that the bunch is usually more compact 
and the berry rounder and has a thicker coat 
of bloom. It has the same foxy perfume and 
flavor of the Isabella, but stronger; when a 
few berries are eaten, a prickling sensation is 
produced on the tongue. This has been re¬ 
marked by all who have tested it, as far as we 
know. It. is very juicy, and we think will 
prove to be an excellent wine grape. For the 
table, however, we do not consider it equal in 
quality to the Isabella; and in this opinion 
nearly all disinterested parties, whom we have 
conversed with, agree. It was tested and 
compared with the Isabella, at Boston, grown 
at Weston, not far from Concord; and notone 
on the committee considered it as good. We 
have- again compared it with Isabellas grown 
here, and the latter has been unanimously pro¬ 
nounced superior. 
Yet we regard the grape as an important 
acquisition, as ripening earlier than either the 
Catawba or Isabella, and therefore likely to 
furnish norihern sections with a grape, where 
heretofore no good grapes have ripened. Ii 
may be two weeks earlier than the Isabella, 
but not more, we think; for ripe Isabellas, 
fully ripe and excellent, grown within ten 
miles or less of Concord, were shown beside it 
at Boston. The location, however, must have 
been a very favorable one; for most people 
seemed surprised to see it ripe so early, and 
some, Mr. Hovey included, as-erted very pos¬ 
itively that they were not Isabellas but verita¬ 
ble Concords. Mr. Hovey adhered to this 
opinion, vte believe, until he went out to Wes¬ 
ton and examined the vine from which the Is¬ 
abellas were gathered. From this one would 
suppose that there is a great similarity between 
the two grapes; and so there is; but the form 
and flavor are both different, as we have al¬ 
ready said, and the canes of the Concord are 
much more slender than those of the Isabella. 
We believe the merits of this grape have 
been exaggerated. It has been described as 
being u frcc from all pulp ,” and of a very 
rick and. luscious favor. Mr. Bull himself, 
however, described ic as having “very little 
pulp,” which is nearer the truth. We think 
it will, with the same treatment, be about the 
size of the Isabella. It appears to have a 
vigorous constitution, likely io escape mildew 
and other diseases to a great extent; and this 
is a very important quality. On the whole, 
we congratulate Mr. Bull on his successful at¬ 
tempt at raising seedling grapes; it affords him 
ample encouragement to continue his labors iu 
this direction.— Horticulturist. 
POTASH WATER FUR FRUIT TREES. 
I had seen it frequently recommended in the 
public journals, to wash young fruit trees in a 
solution of potash in water; “one pound of the 
former to one gallon of the latter,” is the rule 
laid down. Having several young trees in 
rather a sickly and diseased condition, and 
wishing to save them, but being somewhat 
fearful of the effects of this solution, I conclu¬ 
ded to try it on one only of my trees, and be 
regulated in my subsequent proceedings by the 
result, I made my solution as directed, and 
applied it. on a Thursday morning, carefully 
washing the entire trunk from the surface of 
the ground to the limbs. In one week from 
that day, the tree was dead, and on cutting in, 
I found the alkaline solution had saturated the 
wood even to the centre of the tree! Had I 
applied it to the others, they would doubtless 
have shared the same fate.' I then reduced 
the strength of the wash—allowing one pound 
ol potash to two and a half gallons of water, 
and no injurious consequences ensued. How 
potash water, made as in the first ease, would 
operate on old trees whose bark is thick, I 
know not, but infer that it would be less likelv 
to injure them than young trees. 
On the whole, 1 would not recommend its 
j use for this purpose in any state. Common 
i soft soap, made into a strong suds, with water 
or whale oil soap, answers every purpose, and 
without any danger of killing or injuring the 
tree, imparts a vigorous action to the cutane¬ 
ous organs, and to the system generally.— 
Where moss and other fungi are to be remov¬ 
ed, 1 scrape the bark with an old hoe; scour 
them with sharp sand or ashes, and then ap¬ 
ply the suds. In this way the roughest bark 
may be cleansed, and rendered perfectly smooth 
and bright. When 1 have once succeeded iu 
depriving a tree of its parasites, 1 never per¬ 
mit it to become again covered with them, but 
watch and wash every lull and spring. I also 
keep the soil clean, light and rich about the 
roots. This is one of the best preventives that 
can be adopted for this purpose; for trees that 
are carefully managed and liberally manured, 
are seldom attacked by this, or any other dis¬ 
ease. The system is retained in health, and 
will be so retained as long as the hand of a 
careful cultivator directs their development and 
growth. Trees, of all kinds, require much 
care.— Cor. Ger. Tel. 
Horticulture as a Business. —If a young 
man wants to engage in business that will in¬ 
sure him in middle age the greatest amount of 
leisure time, there is nothing better than hor¬ 
ticulture. If he wants to engage in a healthy 
occupation, let him till the soil. In short, if 
he would be independent, let him get a spot of 
earth; keep within his means, to shun the law¬ 
yer; be temperate, to avoid the doctor; be 
honest, that he nmy have a clear conscience; 
improve the soil, so as to leave the world bet¬ 
ter than he found it; and then if he cannot 
live happily and die contented, there is no hope 
for him. 
Ashes around the roots of apples trees pre- : 
vent the ravages of the borer. ; 
WINTERING PLANTS. 
Roses, of the Hybrid Perpetual, or Remon¬ 
tant tribe, do best laid down in the ground 
and covered with earth. This should be done 
when winter fairly sets in, and they should not 
be disturbed until the middle of April, or when 
all danger from winter is over. This species 
of the rose is said to be hardy in this latitude, 
but does best, protected in this manner. 
Bourbons, Noisettes, Teas and Bengal roses 
are all tender in Iowa, and will perish if left in 
the ground. They should cither be put into 
pots and kept in t he house, or put into a frame 
made of rough planks a foot high, with a shel¬ 
ter over them of boards or glass sash, and sur¬ 
rounded with straw. Air may be given them 
on fine days, and they will keep very well in 
this way. A dry cellar also answers a very 
good purpose in keeping roses. 
Geraniums, Verbenas, Petunias, Carnations 
and other tender budding out plants require to 
be kept in the house, free from frost, aud also, 
if possible, from the dry heat of a stove. Many 
house plants are lost every winter from keep¬ 
ing them too hot through the day time. 
Pinks, Sweet Williams, &c., will die out, un¬ 
less protected by straw put over them when 
winter sets in, and kept on till spring .—Iowa 
Farmer. 
The Grape Crop in France, it is said, “ has 
proved almost a total failure, this year, thro- 
out the country.” 
luiinimn 
Good light Paste. —Cut your lard when it 
is very hard, and roll it fine with as little flour 
as possible. r l hen turn in slowly, enough wa¬ 
ter to compact it together, and knead it till 
smooth. I he oven door should remain shut 
until the paste is set. Nancy. 
Sweet Potato Pudding. —Take half a 
pound of sweet potatoes, wash them, and put 
them into a pot with a very little water, bare¬ 
ly enough to keep them from burning. Let 
them simmer slowly for about half an hour: 
they must be only parboiled, otherwise they 
will be soft, and may make the pudding heavy. 
When they are half done, take them out, peal 
them, and when cold grate them. Stir togeth¬ 
er to a cream half a pound of butter and six 
ounces of powdered sugar, add a grated nut¬ 
meg, alarge tea-spoonful of beaten mace,—also 
the juice and grated peel of a lemon, a wine 
glass ot rose water, a glass of wine, and a glass 
of brandy. Stir these ingredients well togeth¬ 
er. Beat eight eggs very light, and stir them 
into the mixture in turn with the sweet potato, 
a little at a time of each. Having stirred the 
whole very hard at the last, put it into a but¬ 
tered dish and bake it three-quarters of an 
hour. Eat it cold. 
Vermin.— Here is a “home item” which 
some of our house-keeping readers may find of 
value, if they are troubled with vermin in their 
houses, and desire to get rid of them before 
the summer is again upon us:—Take up your 
carpets, down with your curtains. In a pail 
full of cold water mix well one pound of chlo¬ 
ride of lime, having first diluted it into a thin 
paste in a bowl of water, for facility of mix¬ 
ture. With a mop, wet and saturate well the 
floor, skirtings, and any other wood work that 
will not suffer injury. Then shut the doors 
and windows. It there should be a suspicion 
of other tenants in the bedstead, take that 
down too. In three or four hours all will have 
disappeared or perished; but to insure perfect 
immunity from the plague, it might be well to 
repeat the lustration a day or two after. 
. Cabbages may be headed in winter by set¬ 
ting them with their roots in good rich earth 
just as they grow, aud covering the tops so 
they will not freeze. This may be done with 
a roof of boards, hay or dirt, or brush, and 
rails and straw covered with dirt, with little 
air holes. Cabbage grown in this way is 
blanched, sweet and tender, and will pay much 
more than the cost of thus arranging the late 
stalks which failed to form heads in the fall.— 
I iie work should be done before the ground 
freezes, andat first only slightly cover the tops. 
---• "O* • ♦*--— 
i o Make Beef Tender. —Those who have 
worn down their teeth in masticating poor old 
tough cow beef, will be glad to learn that 
common carbonate of soda will be found a 
remedy for the evil. Cut vour stakes the day 
before using into slices about two inches thick, 
rub over a small quantity of soda, wash off 
next morning, cut. iuto suitable thickness, and 
cook to notion. The same process will answer 
for fowls, legs of mutton, &c. Try it, all who 
love delicious tender dishes of meat 
A good way or Cooking Onions. —It is a 
good plan to boil onions iu milk and water; it 
diminishes the strong taste of that vegetable. 
It is an excellent way of serving up onions, to 
chop them atter they are boiled, and put them 
in a stew pan, with a little milk, butter, salt, 
and pepper, and let them stew about fifteen 
minutes. This gives them a flue flavor, and 
! they cuu be served up very hot. 
To preserve eggs, rub them with butter or 
varnish. They will keep many months and 
produce chickens. The varnish should be re¬ 
moved belore setting. Another mode is to 
pack them in salt, the point always downward. 
Nerve and Bone Liniment. —Take 1 ounce 
spirits of turpentine, half a pint of brandy, 
and one gill neatsfoot oil; simmer over a fire 
till mixed, then bottle it for use. 
Blacking for Shoes. —Three ounces ivory 
black, two ounces molasses, a table-spoonful 
sweet oil, one ounce vitriol, one ounce gum 
arabic, one pint of vinegar. 
pedntrac fa. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office, 
For the week ending Nov. 7, 1854. 
» - 
D. C. Ambler, of N. Y. city, improvement in 
sewing machines. 
John B. Brennan, Mt.Vernon, N Y., improve¬ 
ment in locks. 
Albert Boughton, Malone, N. Y., new ma- 
ehine for polishing stone. 
R. S. Craig, Cincinnati, 0., new form of trap 
for catchirur wild animals. 
ly wheeled through space, the mind is struck 
with solemn awe at the mighty power of the 
great Creator, who has made huge Jupiter to 
revolve once on its axis in ten hours, and 
through space at the rate of 4 685 miles an 
hour, or fifteen times the velocity of a loco¬ 
motive running at the rate of 300 miles an 
hour .—Scientific American. 
Rutland County Marble and Slate. —At 
the late Agricultural meeting at Rutland, Vt., 
Charles Sheldon, Esq., of West Rutland, said 
that in 1850 there was quarried at West Rut¬ 
land $ 190,000 worth of marble,—iu 1853, 
$360,000 worth,—in 1854, probably $400,000 
i uciiiwuiJi; wuu animais. ,, r , L . , J w 
Reuben Daniels, Woodstock/Vt., improvement i , b romot her towns m the county he 
water wheels. thought that S- 00.000 worth of marble would 
in water wheels. _ ......... _ 
Ferdinand Davison, Petersburgh, Va., stone * 3e ex P ortod this year. The value of the 
drilling machine. ° marble sold is twice as great as the wool clip 
Jacob Green, Philadelphia, improved glass o( ’ the county in 1850. It exceeds the value 
funiace. of the wool and the dairy products of the 
bamuel Gumaer, Aurora, Ill., corn sheller. county. At the West Rutland quarrv, there 
ofb»ckle aWth ° nie ' ° raDge ’ U " improved furm are consumed annually 150 tons of hay, 6,000 
A. K. Hay, of Winslow, N. J., improved glass onn ^ °/P ota J oes ’ 6 °f butter, and 6 ,- 
furnace. 000 bushels ot corn. Of the value of the 
II. 8 . Higgins, of Graham, Ind., machine for mar j 5 ; e exported three-fourths is added to the 
manufacturing barrels. wealth of the countv. 
The value 
Thus. Kendall, San Francisco, bottle stoppers 
Joseph Leeds, Philadelphia, improved fur¬ 
nace for heating buildings. 
The demand has always exceeded the sup¬ 
ply. '1 here is no fear of a decrease of the de¬ 
mand. To increase the supply, more capital 
t? t ? vr V nt . ° iiiwucmc me Buupiy more capital 
E. E. . farcy, N. Y. city, improved method of should be invested in quarryino- and sawincr 
vulcanizing gums. ,i i ° 
W. N. Martin, Bristol, R. I new form of coal u .r "" 1 CS “'r annuall . v > 
hod. h , le t0 tlie a ™ ount of $1,500,000. He said 
I. W. McGaffey, Philadelphia, improved pota- t ' iat ^ le quality of the slate in this county 
to dinger. * Wiis equal to that of any part of the world — 
Barnet McKeage, Accatuik, Va., sawing bolts waa inexhaustible in quantity, and the de- 
to digger. 1 "'as equal ti 
Barnet McKeage, Accatuik, Va., sawing bolts lfc was inexl 
for staves. " rnand for it 
E. T. Miller, Boston, improved bomb shell or He thought 
?™ nade - „ . 000 worth c 
George Miller, Providence, R. I., improved laud countv 
leather banding for machinery. 
Edmund Morris, Burlington, N. J., new form 
of slate frame. Patent P 
M. P, Norton, Tinmoulh, Vt., brakes for rail- sprung up i 
road cars. some import 
Dewey Phillips, Shaftsbury, Vt,, improved for steam t 
farm irate. c • 
mand for it was far greater than the supply. 
He thought that this year, notlessthan $300,- 
000 worth of slate would be quarried iu Itut- 
P atent Fuel —A new business has recently 
sprung up in England, which has grown to 
some importance, in the manufacture of a fuel 
for steam and other purposes. This patent 
fuel is simply the refuse slack or eoal- 
E. W. Rider and J. Murphey, New York citv , * , simp N the refuse slack or coal- 
improved method of desulphurizing gutta per- . . 0 t ie ,ni,ies > Wa ich lies in immense quan- 
cha and other elastic tcums. & titles around all the collieries, nearly valueless. 
E. W. Ruff, Newark, N. J., new method of The P roc ^ adopted is merely heating and 
cutting tenons on blind slats. pressing this du.-t into moulds or bricks when 
Charles Rum ley, Rochester, N. Y„ steam en- the fuel thus produced is found quite eoual in 
gine valves. Do. improved rotary steam engine, ail respects to the coal from which it s nr 
*- J *~* M "* f “ ■*»*? ■"«*«■* ^vantages to coral 
R. M. Selleck, N. Y. citv, harness saddles. P * ot stowage, etc., etc., which forms a 
James Slater. Macon, Geo., new mode of ope- iecom niendation for "(arine steam purposes.— 
rating circular saws. 111 tropical climates, also, coal is found to lose 
J. P. Smith, Hummelstown, Pa.,corn shellers. a lar « e .P er cent age of bulk by the evaporation 
B. H. Washington, Hannibal, Mo., improved wdd<dl is continually taking place, and it is du 
mode of directing air blast, in furnaces. ring this period that the danger of spontaneous 
Eibridge Webber, Gardiner, Me., machine for combustion which has occurred tYenneml-ir 
making shovel handles. exists The rvirerO queuuy, 
lock 1 ” 168 WU ““’ Sl,ri, ' sMd - Maas " avuii this an,! retains its'weight andtoS 
f oS d i wrisu '° fN - Y - i ^ i ““ mxxus 
S. T. iliomas and Eliza Ann Everett, admx. same p nr pose on this side of the Atlantic. 
of Edward Everett, of Lawrence, Mass., im- --- •—___ ___ 
proved loom beam. MimTvifBv _ 
John Jenkins, Monroe, N. Y., assignor to Roe d-iv i),.,, i • . R 01 j ATI0NS - - n 0 ; ir 
Horton & Co., of Chester, N. Y., carriage lifting “ 1 ,. , j 1 * " llc h employs the greatest 
jacks. g U " g a,nouut of the best machinery in every depait- 
John F. Avery, assignor to J. B. Bromley, of ment , industry, is the most powerful. It 
Norwich, Conn., stone dressing machine. wai ca *culated ten years ago that Britain had 
-- manufacturing machinery in ope: a'ion equal to 
POSSIBILITIES OF RAILROAD SPEED. ctL™*? ^ ur . hund 'ed. millions of men - 
- . 11 , iso. Uur own country is extensive in domain, f uit- 
a i a. i , , -r , iul in soil, varied iu ciimate, and haa anp hf.u 
A APER was lately read by Judge Meigs, more inhabitants than Britain aud DU Tw,,, 
before the American Institute Farmers’ Club, natural resources surpassing ofK5 
at New York, upon the subject of rapid rail- nation-- Its , n mm P L d V ot ali olher 
road traveling, and in which he said: d WufantJ „T floa . tS °“ ever . v *«, its 
,, r l xi « , . inhabitants aic ingenious. iot£llio*f*nf nml 
“ I have with others, admired the progress dustrious, and its moral and physical”Dowprk 
made in velocny far beyond any yet ventured ™ pnystuai power is 
to be expressed. The emoero/of RuSa has S amount ■ But without lhe 
taken the first great step towards what 1 deem Cur country po^e^e P ° Wei ’ u hlu , h 
to be the ultimatum of railroad travel. i l wl l Bnarean haada 
“Instead of cutting a narrow alley through ^ ^ for ^ 
the country, or going around everythin«■ in the Cot ho nnworlLi ’ T • 0UI : country would 
way of a straight line-he has Cut abroad £ „ though its inhabitants were 
way five hundred miles, from tit Petersburg to ten fold more abundant ^ re60arcea 
Moscow—he has made it all the way two hun- 
dred feet wide, so that the engineer can see Q ^ ’ ° ‘ *- 
everything that comes on the road. oteam Whistles, Bells and Fogs._ The 
“Such is part of the future; the railroad b f a . ten ^ and steamboats have been provided 
from point to point a mathematical line; the Wlt , 1 steam whistles, for use in fogs. On Sat- 
rails ten times stronger than any now used: u . r - morning the.Staten Islander came up 
the locomotives on wheels of far greater diam- tar ? u » a a de p se fog, whistling and tolling in 
eter, say twelve or fifteen feet; the guage of a rapid succession > with a sharp look outCor- 
of the walls all closed. Then, instead of one la aer track ’ and encountered half a dozen 
hundred miles an hour, we shall safely travel ot ^ e . r ve ssels, but so admirable were the pre- 
three hundred miles an hour; 1 will not pre- caut ^ on ® fLat she passed alongside them vvitb- 
teud now to say more—one hundred seems ou . t colIl f ion ° r As sound can be heard 
fast enough; so did twenty, a few years ago; ° - a 8aort d * stanc8 fogs; the interval be- 
and now, on very straight rails, or some straight tween eaod alarm should be very brief. Two 
runs, we do travel sixty miles an hour in this st ? amboats one mi!e apart, each moving fifteen 
State, and in England one hundred miles have , es an ^® ur * would strike in two minutes, and 
been accomplished. hence the importance of sounding the bell or 
“ Mathematical precision and time will solve vv ^’ st - e every quarter of a minute, as was done 
this problem—a passage from New York to on the Staten Islander. The steam whistle can 
San Francisco in ten hours!” be heard farther than a common steamboat belL 
-ixr. L- , . . , . — JY. Y. Courier. 
We have no doubt of one hundred miles an 
hour, being a perfectly practicable railroad 
speed, by the building of such railroads as 
A ' u j u .l G J -,-- ™. Chkonomfter. — Cantain Gnnk’« 
those described by the Judge, aud the opinion chronometer has been presented ,o the United 
we expressed in the columns of the Scent,Sc States Institution be Admiral Sir Thomrn Her 
American some yearn ago. But three hun- bert. It has undergone some adventara af- 
dred mi P9 an hnni- lnelniPQ no ilia fix.™-,. al- 
nte, of eighteen inch stroke, if the driving American, who sold R agab Tn » finX 
isssr bou|tt u « 
they would have to make 1,100 revolutions per 
minute. As the wheels cannot turn round * ’ * ' * ---— 
without steam, the query with us is. the means ‘ U1! TI . TI U FK F . OR Foal.— A cheap substitute 
of raising the steam necessary to perform this or ‘-oalAt is said, may be p cpared as follows: 
feat, as the boiler would have to evaporate Fne-ihird clay, one-thir l chopped straw, 
near a ton of water per minute—sixty in the 0 ,ie 'V 1 ’ a °° a I cJ«st, mixed together to a proper 
hour. So far as it relates to the final velocity L '°_ !ls *n< acy, made into bl >cks, or similar to 
of steam in a vacuum, the speed of three hun- . whan dried in the sun, or other heat, 
dred miles an hour could be obtained, but how ! l become hard and suitable lor burning 
can such a quantity of steam be evaporated it> 111 ovens, &e. 
a locomotive boiler, in this space of time?—■ *-- ♦ « ♦- 
Judge Meigs may perhaps be able to answer Hollow Axles for Railroad Cars. _The 
us. With respect to the velocity of bodies, Reading, Fa., Steam Forge is making ho low 
our ideas are bounded by what has been per- j axles for railroad cars, the first ever turned 
formed before our eyes,—the flight of the \ out on the continent They have been scien- 
swallow, the pigeon, the eagle; but when we | tifically tested, are not liable to fracture, can 
look to the heavenly bodies and calculate the i sustain more weight, and last longer than the 
awful velocity with which they are unceasing- solid axle. 
