MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
its mechanical parts, but he has problems to 
solve and mysteries to investigate, lie should 
be familiar with the component parts of the 
substance on which he bestows his labor— 
their relative proportions, their affinities, their 
separate and compound agencies, and the in¬ 
fluence of other bodies in their adaptation to 
the results he is laboring to obtain. In short, 
he must know the necessary and intimate con¬ 
nection between cause and effect. 
I have said that the profession of agriculture 
lequires more study than that of the artisan. 
If this be true, it is fortunate for the farmer 
that he can command more time for its acqui¬ 
sition. Winter is comparatively, and to him 
more peculiarly, a season of leisure. Those 
who do not possess books on this subject can 
readily borrow them. But a farmer is thelast 
person who should live by borrowing. Let 
me recommend a better coarse. Let an agri¬ 
cultural library be established by an associa¬ 
tion in the town, consisting of a select number 
of standard works upon this subject, with the 
lighter productions and periodicals of the day. 
General knowledge, independent of mental 
enjoyment, is important in all occupations— 
not only as it may direct the hand, but as it 
calls into exercise other energies conducive to 
the common good. H. G. Eastman. 
__ _ ^ -;- 
AGRICULTURAL CIRCULARS. 
My attention has been recently directed 
to a circular, issued by the Board of Agri¬ 
culture for the State of Massachusetts, con¬ 
taining inquiries ou the late drouth, respect¬ 
ing its effect on different crops and on lands 
variously manured and tilled, together with 
inquiries on various other subjects of great 
interest and importance to all people, and 
particularly so to those who aro directly 
engaged in agricultural pursuits. 
Among all tho interrogatories, of which 
there aro twenty-throo, there aro nono re¬ 
lating to the increased or diminished fortu¬ 
ity of improvod or cultivated lands. Why 
is it that an inquiry on a subject of such 
magnitude as affecting directly tho most 
important interests of our common coun¬ 
try, has not a place among tho agricultural 
statistics of every County and State in tho 
Union? Tho United States census tables 
can contain tho number of pounds of bees¬ 
wax produced in a given time, but not tho 
number of acres required to produce G00,- 
000,000 bushols of corn ! The Massachu¬ 
setts Board of Agriculture can issue inqui¬ 
ries on tho “extent of the potato rjisease 
tho present season," but not a word re¬ 
specting tho diminished fertility of tho soil 
in the production of tho potato, or tho othor 
crops common to our country. 
Fow facts in agricultural knowledge have 
como more plainly under my observation 
than tho docroaso in tho olomonts of fortu¬ 
ity in every Stato and section of country 
to which my inquiries and investigations 
havo extended. Tho gradual, yot constant 
extinction of tho hotter grasses in tho graz¬ 
ing soctions of New England, and tho in¬ 
crease of not only tho least valuable spe¬ 
cies, but also of such as aro worse than 
none, is now a fact admitted by nearly eve¬ 
ry dairy farmer thoroin. Still, there are 
somo who yot wonder why they cannot 
maintain on tho samo acres tho samo or an 
oqual number of cows that their fathers 
did before them—not regarding tho fact 
that tho daisy, Juno grass and brako are 
now substituted for tho timothy and clover 
which formerly occupied their pastures and 
meadows. But this decrease in fertility, 
and consequently in value, is not confined 
to tho rocky hill-sides of New England or 
tho other grazing sections of our country, 
as tho diminution of cultivated products is 
constantly and truly informing us. 
For example, wo will only note tho de¬ 
crease of tho following products, in the 
Stato of Now York, for the period of five 
yoars preceding 1850, in round numbors: 
Of Potatoes the decrease was 7,000,000 bushels. 
Peas and Beans,.1,000,000 *• 
Flax,.1,900,000 pounds. 
Wool,.3,000,000 « 
Wheat and Buckwheat,.621,000 bushels. 
Of Cattle, Swine and Sheep 
the decrease for the same 
time, viz., from 1845 to 
1850, was over.3,752,000 bushels. 
Intelligent wheat producers in tho re¬ 
cently sottlod portions of Illinois and Wis¬ 
consin, report that tho “ inoxhaustiblo soil" 
of oven those 6oetions produces por acre 
nearly ono-half loss bushols of wheat now 
than when new. 
If a diminished productivonoss to such 
an extent is not sufficiently alarming to 
awaken and direct thereto tho attention 
and inquiries of overy friend of American 
interests, thon is our appeal in vain. But 
as an ardent laborer in ovory cause having 
for its object tho improvement of Agricul¬ 
ture, I will not sorrow as tliOBO without 
hope, but faithfully trust that an awakened 
attention to this important point will speod- 
ily effect for tho correction thereof a con¬ 
trolling influence in overy agricultural so¬ 
ciety and publication in our country.— 
When premiums shall bo awarded for tho 
host of offoctual methods for increasing or 
continuing in its present state tho fertility 
of tlio soil,—when awards of largo sums 
for equestrian exhibitions and accidental 
productions of a mammoth size shall be 
directed to purposes of some practical util¬ 
ity and substantial value in tho advance¬ 
ment of our agricultural interests, wo, as 
farmers, shall soo tho dawning of a better 
day—the glimmerings of a light that shall 
bo unto us tho realization of the “good 
time coming.” Oreo. 
Tioga co., X. Y., 1854. 
IMPURE AIR IN WELLS. 
Eds. Rural: —Having often road ac¬ 
counts of deaths of persons entering wells 
containing impure air, and having occasion 
to dig one tho past summer, I took tho pre¬ 
caution, before any one entered tho well, 
to try a lighted candle. 1 found ou tho last 
morning of digging (tho depth being about 
thirty feet) that tho candle would not burn 
lower than about ten foot. For tho pur¬ 
pose of expelling the gas which had accu¬ 
mulated during the night, I first wont to 
drawing tho tub, which I used for drawing 
up dirt, up and down tho woli as fast as 
possiblo, but found no benefit from so do¬ 
ing. I thon went to throwing water down, 
but with like result. I had about given up 
the idea of doing anything more at my 
well at present, when tho thought struck 
mo that I would try the exporimont of lot¬ 
ting down firo, never having heard of such 
a remedy. I accordingly procured a kettlo 
and filled it with light materials, such as 
chip3 and shavings, hooked it on to tho 
ropo and let it slowly down. After remain¬ 
ing a fow minutes I drew it up, tried my 
candle and found it to burn as bright as on 
tho surface, tho foul air being completely 
eradicated, so that tho well could be work¬ 
ed in perfect safety. Whether this remedy 
has ever been triod by any one else, 1 do 
not know. If such remedy would have the 
desired effect in all cases when triod, it cer¬ 
tainly would be valuablo information to 
those digging or cleaning wells. 
Marcellus, Nov. 22, 1854. P. D. Howe. 
USE ALL YOUR LAND. 
How often do we see men adding acre to 
acre, for the sake of having a large farm to 
cultivate, when they have never yet tilled one- 
half of the land which they possessed in the 
first place. They have cultivated, perhaps, five 
or six inches of the surface, and have never 
made the least use of the eight, ten, perhaps 
twelve inches which lie immediately below it. 
A few years ago there was a premium offered 
in Kentucky for the best ten acres of corn.— 
The average crop of the competitors was 122 
bushels per acre. Now, if that quantity of 
com can be produced on an acre, is it not fol¬ 
ly for you, intelligent reader, to add more land 
to that which you already possess, until you 
have made the latter capable of producing 
that number of bushels, or as near it as maybe? 
You know very well that you can raise these 
122 bushels a great deal more cheaply off of 
one acre than if you had to cultivate three or 
four for that purpose. Why then buy more 
land until you have brought under cultivation 
what you already have, both surface and sub¬ 
soil? The latter may not be very productive 
when you first throw it up, but by proper 
treatment you can most assuredly make it so, 
unless it is of a very peculiar character.—. 
Piedmont IVhig. 
- --*—*- 0 ~*-**--- 
A MAGNIFICENT FARM AND FARMER. 
A. Vermont paper says: —“ Among the con¬ 
spicuous men in the Vermont legislature is Mr. 
B. G. Brigham of Fairfield, lie owns and 
cultivates 1,300 acres of land. Among his 
barn-yard items are two hundred and twenty 
cows, twenty horses, and five yoke of oxen.— 
In his dairy he makes butter only. The ave¬ 
rage yield of butter from the milk of each cow 
is one hundred and fifty pounds. Two huge 
dasher churns are set in motion by two horse¬ 
powers, and the butter is ‘ worked ’ by the old 
fashioned paddle. His stock of cattle con¬ 
sume about five hundred tons of hay annually; 
twenty thousand pounds of pork, five hundred 
bushels of wheat, from four to five hundred 
bushels of corn, one thousand bushels of oats, 
and from one to two thousand bushels of pota¬ 
toes, are among his yearly products. ‘The 
Man of \J'/“ in his best estate, could not do 
better than this. Mr. Brigham himself is got 
up with a breadth of beam, and in a style of 
magnificence proportionate to the extent of 
his possessions and agricultural products; he 
stands six feet four in his boots, and weighs 
by one of Fairbanks patent balances, 300 lbs. 
precisely.” 
Means Grass. —(Sorghum Halapense )— 
This is a native of Syria, and belongs to the 
same genus as broom corn. It has recently 
been introduced to notice in this country by 
some experiments made in Massachusetts and 
New York, where its cultivation has been at¬ 
tended with considerable success. It can be 
cut several times in a season, and is conse¬ 
quently well adapted to soiling. 
Agricultural JJtisceUatt)}. 
Dm MONTHLY JOURNAL. 
Thk Wool Grower and Stock Register ! 
doses its sixth volume with the issue for I)e- ! 
comber. Since July last, when it was enlarg- ; 
cd to 32 octavo pages monthly, and otherwise 
improved, this journal has rapidly increased in ! 
popular favor and circulation—so much so that i 
we have resolved upon still further improve- I 
ments. In order to make the work what is do- ; 
sired, however, a large outlay is necessary, to 1 
meet which the price will hereafter be #1 per 
annum—or 50 cents a volume, the volumes ! 
commencing with January and July. It may 
be proper to remark in this connection, that 
the W. G. & S. K. is not, as many suppose, a 
re-print ofthe Rural New-Yorker, but almost 
entirely distinct in Loth contents and objects. 
Whenever an article is copied from one paper 
to the other the type are re-set, so that the 
expense is the same as t hough the matter were 
derived from any other source. 1 fence the ex¬ 
pense of publishing each journal is considera¬ 
bly larger than it would be were one a re-print 
of the other—as is the case with some of our 
contemporaries. 
Our design is to make the W. G. &. S. It., 
continually, a reliable and standard work on 
all matters pertaining to the breeding, rearing 
and management of Domestic Animals,—and 
hence intrinsically valuable to every one en¬ 
gaged or interested in Stock Husbandly. We 
shall cheerfully forward specimen numbers to 
all applicants. Both the Rural and W. G. & 
S. It. will be furnished one year for $2,50. 
WOOL GROWING IN TENNESEE. 
'The last General Assembly of Tennessee pre¬ 
sented a gold medal to M ark R. Cockrili,, 
Esq., as a testimonial of esteem for his devo¬ 
tion through a long life devoted to the ad¬ 
vancement and development of the agricultu¬ 
ral resources of that State, especially in wool 
growing. In replying to the gentleman who 
presented the medal, Mr. C. says: 
“At the World’s Fair at London, in 1.851, 
the premium for the golden fleece was award¬ 
ed to Tennessee. Germany, Spain, Saxony, 
and Silicia were there; tho competition was 
strong, honorable, and fair. Nature gave me 
the advantage in climate, but the noble lords 
and wealthy princes of Europe did not know 
it, neither did my own countrymen know it un¬ 
til we met in the Crystal Palace of London 
before a million of spectators. Whilst their 
flocks were housed six months in the year, to 
shelter then, from the snow of a high latitude, 
and were fed from the granaries and stock 
yards, mine were roaming over the green pas¬ 
tures of 'Tennessee, warmed by the genial in¬ 
fluence of a southern sun—the fleece thus soft¬ 
ened and rendered oily by the warmth and 
green food, producing a fine, even fibre.” 
To make Hens lav Perpetually. —Keep 
no roosters; give the hens fresh meat, chopped 
up like sausage meat, once a day—a very small 
portion, say half an ounce a day, to each hen 
—in winter, or from the time insects disappear 
in the fall till they appear again in the spring. 
Never allow any eggs to remain in the nest 
for what are called nest eggs. When the 
roosters do not run with tho hens, and no nest 
eggs left are in the nest, the hens will not 
cease laying after the production of twelve or 
fifteen eggs, as they always do when roosters 
and nest egg3 are allowed, but continue laying 
perpetually. If the above plan were generally 
adopted, eggs would be a3 plentiful in winter 
as in summer. One reason why hens do not 
lay in winter us freely as in summer is the want 
of animal food, which they get in summer in 
abundance in the form of insects.— English 
Paper. 
Wc think that to fulfil the requirements of 
the above, article fowls in this climate would 
require some protection, more than roosting 
in the apple trees and open sheds, and expos¬ 
ed situations; and in addition to animal food, 
which is indispensable (and there is none bet¬ 
ter than lard mixed with Indian meal) they 
must have gravel and lime, ad libitum. — Eds. 
Plowing in Guano. —A correspondent of 
the Country Gentleman, in reply to an inquiry 
as to the best method of applying guano on 
clay land, says: 
I have tried it on ciay land that had been 
in grass for five years. On one half the field 
I plowed it in to the depth of about seven 
inches, and on the other half harrowed it in, 
and planted it all to corn, and staked off an 
equal number of hills from each part It all 
came up equally well, but by the early part of 
summer there was a marked difference in the 
two parts of the field, which continued through¬ 
out the season; and upon husking, that which 
hud been plowed in (and staked off upon plant¬ 
ing,) produced nine bushels, while that which 
hail been harrowed in, produced but five bush¬ 
els, showing the advantage of plowing it in, 
even in heavy clay soil. 'The soil was a slate, 
and the amount used about two hundred ftm. 
to tho acre. 
VARIOUS MODES OF CURING HAMS. 
The matter of curing being one of the most 
interesting points in connection with the man¬ 
agement and general economy of swine, it. will 
probably be of some interest and value to the 
reader, if we give a few of the most careful 
and successful processes of performing the op¬ 
eration in different sections of the country. 
Massachusetts raises and cures pork on a 
small scale only, but it is generally of a char¬ 
acter not surpassed in richness, flavor and del¬ 
icacy, whether pickled or smoked. In curing 
bacon and hams, a superior method is to put 
two quarts of butter-salt into an iron kettle, 
place it over a slow tire, stirring it occasionally, 
so that it will not bake, and, while the salt is 
dissolving, the ham is placed on a bench near 
the fire, and a tea-spoonful of saltpetre rubbed 
smoothly with the hand on the flesh-side ofthe 
ham. which soon dissolves and disappears.— 
The hot salt is then taken from the kettle, a 
[ table-spoonful rubbed on the ham by the hand, 
1 the operation continuing until the ham sweats, 
which indicates that the salt has penetrated 
through the ham. This quantity of saltpetre 
is for a ham of twenty pounds, which may be 
cured in ten minutes, the. operation commenc¬ 
ing before the animal heat is entirely out, and 
it is fit for the smoke-house, where it will be 
ready for use in ten days, or it may remain 
with perfect safety for a year, or longer, before 
I being used. 
Curing hams in New York State is fre- 
j quently done in the following manner,—the 
quantity being one hundred pounds: Take four 
1 and a half pounds ground rock salt, four 
ounces saltpetre, and four pounds brown sugar; 
mix the salt and saltpetre, and with it thor¬ 
oughly rub each ham all over, powdering it 
with the mixture, and pack down in a tight, 
clean cask, sprinkling over each layer its duo 
proportion of sugar; head the cask tightly, 
and after four days commence rolling it briskly 
back and forth, so that the surface of each 
ham may be wet with the brine spontaneously 
produced, the rolling to be repeated three 
times a day, until the brine is all absorbed, 
when the meat is ready for the smoke-house. 
In Virginia, the hams of young, thrifty, fat 
hogs, weighing from 100 to 175 pounds each, 
were taken, cut, rounded, the under surface of 
each sprinkled with a spoonful of powdered , 
saltpetre, and then covered thickly with a mix¬ 
ture af Liverpool salt, two-tliirds, and ground 
alum one-third, then packed in boxes, the leg 
inclined downwards, for the salt to penetrate. 
They remain in the salt four or five weeks, are 
then hung in the smoke-house, sometimes ash¬ 
ing them previously with hickory ashes, and 
are smoked every day with chips of oak, hick¬ 
ory, &c., the fire being smothered so as to get 
all the smoke and but little heat Early in 
March, or before the fly comes to deposit its 
eggs, the hams are taken down, and each one 
covered on the flesh or inside part thickly with 
dry, weak ashes. 'They are then taken sepa¬ 
rately, and placed on shelves to keep dry, eacli 
by itself. Good salting, (using saltpetre,) 
good smoking, and dry keeping, are considered 
indispensable. —Boston Traveller. 
HALF ROTTED HAY. 
We suppose every farmer has observed how 
much more greedily cattle will eat corn husks 
and stalks that are partially rotted and mouldy, 
than they will those that are sound and bright 
S. W. Johnson, in a recent letter to the Coun¬ 
try Gentleman, gives the following account of 
the mode of managing or curing hay on the 
Alps, by which it seems they reduce their hay 
to a similar state with the husks above named. 
'Flic hay, he says, is cut here several times 
during the summer, as I saw it being mowed 
in many fields where its height was not more 
than three or four inches. Owing to this fre¬ 
quent cutting, and the abundant rains that fall 
in the highlands, the grass is very fine and 
thick-set, and of an intense color. On account 
of the variability of the weather, a peculiar 
method of curing hay is practised. One ob¬ 
serves numerous little log barns, fifteen by 
twenty feet square, and ten feet high, scattered 
over the lower Alps. Into these shanties the 
hay is thrown while half dry and thoroughly 
trodden down. It shortly ferments, and the 
hay becomes dark brown in color, and forms 
quite a solid mass, which may be cut with a 
spade. Prof. Fraas, of the Munich University, 
says,in his “Principles of Agriculture,” that 
this so called “ brown hay” is as good as the 
ordinary hay; it is, in fact, preferred by cattle, 
and appears to be more nourishing.— Maine 
Farmer. 
Importance of Draining. —By a recent de¬ 
cree of the French government, 100,000 francs, 
about $20,000, are devoted to encourage the 
manufacture of draining tiles for agricultural 
purposes in the provincea 
When spring comes every good farmer will 
have a plot or field or garden, where lie can 
profitably apply all the manure he can save or 
make during the winter. Every shovelful oi 
manure judiciously applied will increase the 
amount of his harvest. JVow is the time to 
think of this, and make arrangements and 
preparations, and act accordingly 
Leaves as a Manure. —The Boston Culti¬ 
vator says;—Leaves are valuable as manure 
and as bedding for animals. They answer as 
good a purpose for litter as straw, and this is 
worfttbuje $15 a ton. Wc do not mean to 
say that, leaves will last as long, but while they 
do last they arc as good. Vast quantities 
might be collected at little expense. A farmer 
in this vicinity keeps several men and a team 
employed for several days every year, after the 
fruit and forest trees have shed their foliage, 
gathering and storing leaves. They are used 
as litter for horses, cattle and swine. He says 
the manure that is mixed with leaves is so much 
better than that mixed with straw, that the 
difference can be perceived in crops to which it 
is applied. 
Compost. —At every leisure opportunity, 
collect materials for tho compost heap. It is 
almost incredible what an amount of fertili¬ 
zing matter may be accumulated in one season, 
by the exercise of a little industry. All the 
waste matters about the barn and dwelling 
house,—the bones, refuse straw, weeds, scraps 
of old leather, cloth, bristles, horns and hoofs 
of cattle, Arc., Arc., should be carefully saved up, 
and placed in the compost heap. Loam, 
muck, the scrapings of the door-yard,—which 
every true farmer desires to see neat and un¬ 
incumbered—should also be added. “ Econo¬ 
my is wealth,” says the old adage, and in no 
department of industry is it more essential and 
indispensable than that of farming.— Ger. Tel 
!m)iiirifs anil 
Gypsum on Wheat and Timothy Grass. —Will 
some of your experienced farmers please inform 
a young farmer what effect plaster lias on 
wheat, barley and oats, and on timothy and 
other cereal grasses? 1 can get plaster for $4 
per ton. Will it pay to use it at that price on 
the crops named? How much should I sow 
per acre? I found last year great benefit from 
it on clover and Indian corn. 
A Young Beginner. 
Poland Oats. —I am informed that. Poland 
oats are grown to a considerable extent in Wes¬ 
tern New York. Will some of the numerous 
readers of the Rural who have grown them be 
kind enough to inform an inquiring Wolverine 
whether they are as valuable as cracked up to 
be? There are said to be two kinds,—if so, 
which is tho best? Wm. Dyer. 
Calhoun Co., Mich., Nov. 28, 1854. 
FOUL IN THE FEET. 
Eds. Rural: —Noticing an inquiry through 
the Rural of the 11th, as to what would cure 
the cough in calves, and the fouls in cattle, I 
would state that I never had calves troubled 
with the cough, but last spring I had several 
cows, as also did my neighbors, affected with 
the foul, which consists in the hoof swelling out 
nearly to the knee, causing the cows so much 
pain that they can scarcely walk, and also 
making their milk bloody. I found on exami¬ 
nation that the hoofs were rotting, in between 
them, and they looked as if they would split 
apart. I tried several remedies proposed by 
one and another, but they did no good. At 
last I took a half-inch rope and drew through 
between the hoofs until I cut away all of the 
rotten flfcsli, and made it bleed pretty freely.— 
I then turned up the hoof and poured inspirits 
of turpentine, until it was wet all over; then 
sprinkled in pounded blue vitriol freely. Two 
j applications effected a cure for those troubled 
the worst. S. B. Newell. 
j Stanfordville, N. Y., Nov., J864. 
In answer to the same inquiry Mr. J. P 
Youlen, of West Rupert, Vt., writes: 
Fouls in cattle Is caused by the dirt getting 
in between the claws, and causing an inflamma¬ 
tion of the frog of the foot, and is readily cur¬ 
ed with the same medicine used for sheep.— 
Cleanse the dirt out of the hoof; then take 
one half pound gum powder, one-half pound 
.alum, one gill of the oil of blue vitroil to one 
gill of water; bum the alum and pulverize it; 
then put the ingredients together in a glass or 
stone vessel, (it will destroy any other kind, 
such as iron, brass, or copper,) and then it 
will be fit for use. Apply the medicine to the 
parts affected once or twice, and your cattle 
arc cured of the fouls. P. Youlen. 
Board Fence. —The following statement 
may furnish in part a reply to B. G. S.:— 
Twenty years ago this month, I built about 15 
rods of board fence in front of my yard and 
garden in the following manner:—The posts 
were chestnut saplings, from 5 to 8 inches in 
diameter, and but 7 feet long, and prepared 
the winter previous, by peeling and flattening on 
one side 4J feet of the butt end. 'They were 
then laid up in a condition to season through 
the summer. 'The posts were set 2£ feet in the 
ground top end down; the dirt was put in and 
pounded hard, inch by inch, from the bottom 
to the top of the hole. The four boards were 
16 feet long and 12, and 7, and 7 and 6 inches 
wide, with a cap on top 6 inches wide, taking 
care to break joints alternately on the posts.— 
I then plowed and banked up on the outside, 
and raised the ground on the inside for border 
beds and shrubbery. The fence still stands, an¬ 
swering all the purposes for which it was made 
and i: h not had the amount of a i lb. of nails 
nor i an hour’s time expended on it since first 
set.—J. S. B., Castile, Wyoming Co., JY. Y. 
Texas Cattle. —Several lot of Texas cattle 
have been sold in this market during the sum¬ 
mer and fall. On Friday, a small lot from 
Holland county, 'Texas, sold for $15 a head. 
They were driven nearly or quite 500 miles, 
and it might be a matter of astonishment how 
they could be sold at so small a price. The 
thing is explained when we say that they sub¬ 
sisted all the way on grass, and kept in tolera¬ 
ble order; they never had an ear of corn in 
their lives. An attempt was made to feed 
them with corn and provender at the stock 
yards, but they ran away from it. 'Texas cat¬ 
tle are about the nearest to wild animals of 
any now driven to market. We have seen 
some buffaloes that were more civilized.— St. 
Louis Intelligencer. 
Cattle Market. —The largest market evor 
known was held at Smithlicld, on Monday.— 
From the returns furnished, it appears that 
the beasts were 5,688 in number, and the sheep 
46,950. The supply, even at the “ Grand, 
Christmas Show,” has never been so large.— 
Besides these, there was a large number of 
calves and pigs. At a very moderate calcula¬ 
tion, the value of the animals offered for sale 
would amount to a quarter of a million ster¬ 
ling.— English Paper. 
Timothy scarcely ever fails, on a well-drain¬ 
ed bog, with a properly prepared surface. 
