observed in Oudh and Kumaon. 243 
soup, and the liver is considered rather a delicacy by some 
people. 
159. Grus leucogeranos. (White Crane.) 
. Though I never succeeded in obtaining a specimen of this 
Crane, I saw it on four different occasions, at Sandee in February, 
and at Hilgee, on the river Choka, in December 1859. The 
first time there were three together, two white, and one dusky- 
coloured (the colour of an immature Hooper)—no doubt the two 
old birds and their young. I tried to get a shot at them in vain, 
they were so excessively wild, which is not the case with the 
Saras; though the Common and Demoiselle Cranes are in India 
very difficult to approach, the only way of shooting them being 
with a rifle. 
160. Grus cinerea. (Common Crane.) 
Large flocks of the Common Crane appear during the cold 
season, and are chiefly found near the rivers Choka and Kurnalli, 
feeding on the rice-stubbles. This and the next species are 
much prized by European sportsmen under the name of 
“ Courlan.” 
161. Anthropoides virgo. (Demoiselle Crane.) 
Occurs in immense flocks during the cold season, and are 
found in the same localities as Gi'us cinerea . At Sirsa Ghat, on 
the Choka, flocks of several hundreds may be seen on the wing 
at once; their cry can be heard when they are out of sight. 
162. Falcinellus igneus. (Glossy Ibis.) “ Kowari ” of 
natives : “ Black Curlew ” of European sportsmen. 
Common during the cold season; generally seen in flocks. I 
have repeatedly seen this and the next two species of Ibis settle 
on trees. 
163. Geronticus papillosus. (“ King Curlew” of Euro¬ 
peans.) 
Frequently seen in the cold season. 
164. Thresciornis melanocephalus. (“ White Curlew ” 
of Europeans.) 
Common throughout the year. 
