of the European Ornis, and its Causes. 
295 
Asia. 
N. Africa. 
N. America 
Totals. 
Raptores . 
0 
5 
2 
7 
Clamatores . 
1 
0 
3 
4 
Oscines.. 
20 
8 
10 
38 
Columbae . 
1 
0 
1 
2 
Gallinae. 
1 
0 
0 
1 
Grail ae . 
5 
8 
12 
25 
Natatores . 
4 
10 
16 
30 
Some few of these species occur both in the north-east of Africa 
and the south-west of Asia, or in the north of Asia as well as in 
North America, so as to render their origin not quite certain. 
Besides these, nearly 70 other exotic species have been re¬ 
ceived into the European fauna by different ornithologists, with¬ 
out the least justification ; these must be omitted in our sum¬ 
maries. 
About 25 of them were introduced as European by Bonaparte 
and Brehm merely on supposition, on the ground of the possibility 
of their occurrence; as, for example, 
Gyps riippellii, Br. 
Aquila brehmii, Br. 
Cotyle cahirica, Wurt., Br. 
Turdus libonyanus, Br. 
Otocorys bicornis, Br. 
Carduelis orientalis, Br. 
Chrysomitris pistacina. Bp. 
Corvus umbrinus, Br. 
Podoces panderi, Bp. 
Zenaida carolinensis, Br. 
iEgialites indicus, Br. 
Hypsibates leucocephalus, Br. 
Totanus guttifer. Bp. 
Rhynchaea variegata, Br. 
Halieus africanus, Br. 
Uriacarbo, Bp. 
Mormon corniculata. Bp. 
& c. 
Upon the arbitrary principle of such an augmentation of the 
European fauna there can only be one opinion—that it is not 
legitimate! Is not almost anything possible ? Let us wait, 
therefore, until it has actually taken place. 
A great many exotic species have been erroneously received 
into the fauna of Europe, either by mistaking one for another, 
or entirely without reason. Criticism has definitely decided 
upon most of them and excluded them, but we find them for 
the most part still carried on in the most recent catalogues, as 
if there were no doubt about their occurrence. Amongst these 
we reckon,— 
