6 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
January  1,  1916. 
at  Half-Price 
Freight  PAID 
BIG  1 
3ERRY  BOOH 
i  FREE! 
Harris 
SEEDS 
FRUIT 
TREES 
money  in  it  as  a  business  venture  to  sat-  make 
isfy  the  unskilled  back-to-tbe-lauder.  No  time  tl 
one  who  is  not  willing  to  work  hard,  can  to  orcl 
expect  to  make  farming  pay.  The  eight-  plied  i 
hour  day  does  not  apply  to  the  farmer;  root  u 
labor  unions  and  walking  delegates  have  either 
no  place  there.  No  one  should  go  back  to  missioi 
the  land  on  borrowed  money;  it.  is  a  ter-  having 
rible  risk  aud  fatal  to  one’s  peace  of  needed 
mind.  It  is  best  to  try  farming  first  on  App' 
some  other  man’s  farm  as  a  hired  man,  class  o 
and  to  rent  a  farm  before  buying  one,  also  French 
to  live  a  year  in  the  neighborhood  before  stocks 
settling  there;  then  if  the  things  arc  not  exclusi 
satisfactory,  he  can  return  to  the  city,  p0ar?  n 
and  it  will  be  better  for  all  concerned.  stocks 
GERTRUDE  O.  &  CLEMENS  P.  BERYLSOX. 
When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The 
R.  N.-Y.  ami  you'll  get  a  quick  reply  aud  a 
“square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 
Send  >01*  Sauls  Bi; 
i^Ffee  Seed  Boo 
niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiii 
rrom  the  r  VL 
famous  Nurseries  of 
Ellwan^er 
&  Barr^r 
■Jr-  Shows  you  (tie  advantage  of  buy- 
,l<% J  ' Jf  lRZ  Put«  field,  earden  and  flower 
1/  seeds  at 
-ff//  BULK  PRIOIS,  NOT  PACKAGE  PRICES 
^V//®au*  P,,-ce»  are  lower  because  seeds 
are  sold  in  bulk  — no  fancy  packages,  no 
^"fancy  prices.  Saul  Seeds  are  carefully  se¬ 
lected— they  come  up  right. 
Farmers,  Ask  Os  About  .seal's  Early  Eureka 
the  early  white  ensilage  corn  that  giver  enor¬ 
mous  yield ;  users  say  it  weighs  400  to 600  lbs. 
can  be  depended  upon  to  grow,  and  bear  fruit 
true  to  name. 
Write  for  76th  Annual  Catalog 
containing  fall  dcwrlptlonp.  with  illustrations, 
of  our  celebrated  '  '.mk  Applets,  iwaehes,  pears, 
plume,  eherrica.  also  barns*,  terspes,  etc.  AU 
tbeBt,»ndaidTnr:i-tie*  as  well  a«  novelties  that 
have  proven  tlielr  merit.  Securely  packed  for 
safe  delivery  anywhere. 
Buy  from  the  |;:ttneer  nurseries  of  America 
(est.  lH«i),  Re  re-  mm  of  gening  first  quality- 
stock — the  profitable  kind  to  plant — and  save 
agents,  pion i  besides.  Wntt  today. 
ELLW ANGER  &  BARRY 
Mt.  Hope  Nunerie*,  Box  234,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
Wintering  Bees  in  Cellar 
Can  you  give  be  any  information  us 
to  wintering  bees  in  the  cellar?  I  only 
have  a  few  colonies  and  find  some  of  them 
are  not  very  strong,  and  will  have  to  put 
them  somewhere  so  I  can  feed  them.  My 
cellar  is  very  warm  as  I  have  a  furnace 
in  it.  Would  it  do  to  keep  them  shut 
in  the  hives  and  about  how  much  sugar 
syrup  should  they  have  at  a  time?  I  do 
not  think  some  of  them  have  over  two  or 
three  pounds  of  honey  now.  What  in¬ 
formation  can  you  give  me  on  the  sub¬ 
ject?  j.  B.  H. 
Newton,  N.  J. 
Bees  can  be  wintered  in  a  cellar,  but 
the  conditions  must  be  right.  First  the 
temperature  should  not  go  much  above 
55  nor  below  40  deg.  Where  it  goes 
down  to  freezing  it  is  not  a  fit  place  for 
bees,  as  they  will  be  almost  sure  to  con¬ 
tract  dysentery  before  Spring,  and  either 
die  outright  or  be  very  weak.  There 
should  be  provision  for  letting  in  fresh 
air  and  the  cellar  should  also  be  dark. 
Fifty  colonies  may  be  put  in  a  cellar 
10x10,  but  a  smaller  number  would  be 
better.  A  large  number,  more  than  50, 
should  not  be  put  in  unless  there  is  suf¬ 
ficient  ventilation,  and  this  can  he  se¬ 
cured  by  opening  into  the  furnace  room. 
Where  there  are  only  five  to  10  colonies 
no  special  ventilation  will  be  required. 
Whenever  the  temperature  in  the  collar 
drops  below  40  it  should  be  raised.  In 
the  modern  bouse  cellar  the  door  opening 
into  the  furnaee-room  during  very  cold 
weather  will  answer. 
Under  no  circumstances  should  bees  be 
"confined  to  their  hives,  in  their  worry  to 
get  out  they  will  stir  up  the  whole  col¬ 
ony,  and  that  will  bring  on  dysentery, 
and  death  shortly.  If  your  cellar  is  very 
warm,  and  you  have  only  one  room,  and 
that  the  furnace-room,  you  may  have 
some  trouble  in  wintering  your  bees 
there.  But  bees  may  be  wintered  in  a 
room  where  there  is  a  furnace,  provided 
the  furnace  does  not  raise  the  tempera¬ 
ture  above  60  degrees,  aud  50  to  55  is 
much  better. 
Weak  colonies  can  very  often  be  win¬ 
tered  very  satisfactorily  in  a  cellar  pro¬ 
vided  conditions  are  right.  They  cannot 
be  wintered  outdoors.  AY  hen  weak  they 
should  be  united ;  but  this  work  should 
be  done  before  cold  weather  sets  in. 
Bees  may  be  fed  a  thick  syrup  made 
of  two  parts  of  sugar  and  one  of  water 
by  measure,  in  the  cellar.  But  it  is  far 
better  to  give  them  rock  or  hard  candy 
without  any  coloring  matter  or  any 
special  flavors.  This  can  be  laid  on  top 
of  the  cluster,  and  a  quilt  or  a  carpet 
should  be  placed  over  the  whole.  In  the 
cellar,  bees  require  anywhere  from  seven 
to  15  pounds.  If  the  cellar  is  too  warm 
the  bees  will  continue  twice  as  much  as 
when  the  cellar  is  45  Fahrenheit. 
E.  R.  BOOT. 
Apples  lor  Profit  and  Use1 
--WitconTondn  for  mar lc*t  ami  WrU  for 
home.  Thu  luLrrcatimt  rhnpter  on 
»T*plea  ui  ot.r  Ulltf  Kmlt  Book  tell*  Best 
method*  of  rtnWHn*,  rind  ,rn, w- 
Jnp  and  It*!*  our  many  Jitarviard  vrcrt<>tio« 
oil  Kunn\r.fMcd  true-to-nanic.  hardy  and 
SH-H  rooted.  OOwm  ch.i, rto«,-r(bo 
our  full  lino  of  paars,  pltima,  -Trow- 
orn»5»atil  ahruba. 
Write  for  book  today.  Froo. 
Barnes  Bros.  Nursery  Co. 
Box  8  YAleivUle,  Conn. 
STRAWBERRY  pLANTS 
We  sell  best  quality  fruit  trees,  shrubs  and  plants 
at  one-half  the  nursery  ogeat’s  price— and  pay  the 
freight.  AH  stock  is  northern  grown,  hardy  and 
healthy,  All  orders  guaranteed. 
GET  THIS  FREE  BOOK  NOW 
Telia  juat  wbat  you  want  to  know  about  selecting,  plant- 
log  and  growing  all  nursery  stock.  Contains  a 
A\  big  lilt  of  unequalled  bargains.  Don’t  buy  until 
you’re  read  this  book.  Send  postal  today. 
tTfrxSv  „  RICH  LAND  NURSERIES 
Bor  222  Rocheater.  N.Y. 
Fertilizer  for  Corn 
What  is  the  best  method  of  using  com¬ 
mercial  fertilizer  on  field  corn?  The  soil 
is  .somewhat  deficient  in  lninms,  and  of 
a  sandy  nature.  It  has  been  sown  to 
rye  this  Fall  to  turn  under  for  corn  in 
Spring.  Should  the  fertilizer  be  put  in 
the  hill  before  the  seed  is  planted,  or 
after,  or  should  it  be  sown  broadcast  and 
harrowed  in  before  seeding  to  get  best 
results?  How  much  fertilizer  per  acre 
should  he  used  on  thiB  field,  allowing 
that  the  soil  contains  no  plant  food  at 
all,  and  what  mixture  would  be  best  to 
use?  w.  A.  c. 
Rock  Hill.  N.  Y. 
For  sandy  land  corn  could  probably 
use  commercial  fertilizer  to  greatest  ad¬ 
vantage  if  it  were  spread  broadcast  and 
harrowed  in  before  planting.  The  me¬ 
chanical  condition  of  such  soil  gives  the 
corn  roots  greater  expansive  power,  so 
that  many  of  the  roots  would  miss  the 
fertilizer  if  it  were  put  in  the  hill ;  in 
fact,  the  concentration  of  fertilizer  there 
might  temporarily  check  the  growth  of 
the  young  corn. 
Fertilizer  might  he  applied  with  two 
things  in  view,  profit  or  soil  building. 
If  immediate  profit  is  desired  the  follow¬ 
ing  method  might  be  used :  Apply  broad¬ 
cast  300  pounds  of  acid  phosphate  per 
acre,  and  harrow  in  well  before  planting. 
Acid  phosphate  lies  where  it  falls;  it 
does  not  leach  away  like  nitrate  of  soda, 
hence  the  necessity  of  getting  it  in  the 
ground  and  not  on  the  ground.  As  soon 
as  the  corn  comes  up  sprinkle  a  little  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda  by  hand  around  each  hill, 
making  an  application  of  about  50  pounds 
per  acre.  This  may  seem  a  lot  of  work, 
but  it  undoubtedly  is  the  most  economi¬ 
cal  way  to  use  nitrate  on  sandy  soil.  An¬ 
other  similar  application  should  be  given 
when  the  corn  is  knee-high.  The  nitrate 
will  not  only  stimulate  the  top  growth, 
but  also  the  root  growth,  giving  the  roots 
greater  foraging  power,  so  that  potash 
fertilization,  for  one  year  at  least  might 
not  be  necessary.  Also  this  root  growth 
provides  against  drought. 
For  soil  building,  that  is,  leaving  the 
soil  in  as  good  or  better  condition  than 
it  was  at  the  start,  broadcast  10  tons 
of  manure  per  acre  this  Winter.  Use 
ground  bone  instead  of  acid  phosphate, 
and  apply  some  tobacco  dust  or  other 
potash  carrier  if  the  mineral  potash  is 
not  obtainable.  Apply  nitrate  of  soda 
as  before,  but  use  a  little  more.  Of 
course,  it  should  be  the  aim  to  make  the 
corn  pay  for  itself  or  do  a  little  better. 
Warfields  at  $1.50  per  lOOO,  The  lu-*t  berry  jrrown.  100 
other  varieties  and  Everbearers;  a  mall  fruit  plants.  All  plants 
guaranteed.  “Cakilnguc.fTee." 
ALLEGAN  NURSERY  Box  30  Allegan,  Mich. 
:VERGREENS&3v9a» 
All  hA/dj,  vigorous  and  wall  footed.  W#  •hip  everywhere 
IVrtto  fur  fVr"  F.rct)rrceO  book  an<l  Ml  Great  I'Mraia  ehect. 
D.  HILL  NURSERY  CO.,  Boi  2121 ,  Dundee,  III. 
I  CrilSfp  Finest  and  host  plants  grown.  All 
I  I  111  lo.  k'ni,9>  also  F*t«n  Seed,  etc.  1200 
Acres.  40  page  catalog  (tee. 
SCARFF,  Box  C,  New  Carlisle,  O. 
1  grow  only  a  FEW  A  CUES  of  trees.  They  fret  my 
personal  oversight,  valuable  to  you.  I  can  furnish 
CHOICE  STOCK,  in  Dwarf  and  Standard  fruit  trees 
of  all  kinds.  Head  my  Kree  CntnloKue  before  buying. 
THE  fix  ousts  MUBSmiES,  W.  IMcMV,  Prop.,  Box  N,  Geneva.  N.Y. 
Book  of  Send  today  for 
erries-Free  c,orlS:kof 
Gives  results  of  our 30  years  exper* 
1 ience  with  small  fruits,  tells  how  to 
r  select,  plant,  cultivate,  etc.  Buy  the 
Plants  That  Pay 
Our  true-to-name  small  fruit  plants  are 
hardy  and  ever-bearing.  200  acres  devoted 
to  their  culture.  Several  _ 
varieties  for  your  soil  and  /gg^— — 
climate.  Packed  fresh  for 
shipment .  ^  Send  for  the 
W.  F.  Allen  Co. 
TREES-R0SES- VINES 
A  in  small  or  largo  lots  at  wholesale  / 
[l)  prices.  Catalog  and  Green’s  Fruits/ 
/  Book— FREE,  Grren’a  Nurse rv  Co.  V.* 
22  Wall  St..  Rocheater,  NY.  ^ 
DWARF  I  TREES 
PEACH  _ 
ITHEVANDUSF-N NURSERIES, W.L. McKAY,  Prop.,BoxR,  Geneva. N.Y. 
Strawberry  Plants 
If  you  are  in  the  market  for  strawberry  plants  yon 
should  receive  nur  1916  catalogue  before  buying. 
\Ye  have  all  the  best  standard  and  new  varieties, 
including  the  over-bearing  kinds.  Guaranteed 
truc-to-lubul.  Catalogue  free. 
E.  W.  JOHNSON  &  KILO.,  Salisbury,  Md. 
This  book  fully  explains  our  ZOlh 
century  methods  In  growing 
STRAWBERRIES 
UlUiUiUiiUJ  ANO  OTHKft  SMALL  FRUITS 
unlike  any  other  catalog— lists  all 
the  best  varieties  of  small  fruits 
st  lowest,  wholesale  prices.  All  our 
plants  nru  shipped  on  »  guarantee 
—  -  .  -j  to  pipage  you  or  money  refunded. 
Worth  its  weight  in  gold.  .Vend  postal  today  to 
E.  W.  TOWNSEND,  Salisbury.  Md.,  Dept.  25 
Wholesale  Prices.  Direct  from  grower.  Guaranteed 
quality.  Apple  &  peach  trees.  Asparagus,  gooseber¬ 
ries  berry  pfantH,  privet  hedging.  New  catalog  ready 
THE’WESTMINSTSR  NURSERY,  Box  129.  Warminster,  Md, 
CDIIITTDCCC  ,M  LARCE  on  SMALL  LOTS  AT  CROWCR’S  PRICES,  direct  O I 
r  n||l  |  I  nECu  from  nursery  to  planter.  Safe  delivery,  personal  attention  A I 
Vu?|  ,  PHIIIVA  and  satisfaction  guaranteed.  APPLE  TREES  TOP  BUDDED  TO  Z 
SHALL  FRUITS  FIVE  VARIETIES—  Just  what's  needed  for  the  home  garden.  K 
••"■■•■■■a  ■  II VI  I  V  Buy  at  rock-bottom  prices  of  the  grower  and  save  disappoint-  ■■ 
ment  at  fruiting  time.  Get  our  Illustrated  catalog,  mailed  free  upon  request. 
WELLS  WHOLESALE  NURSERIES,  73  Wallsley  Avanue,  Dansvllle,  N.  Y. 
The  Kind  that  “Make  Good,”  True  to  Name— Free  From  Disease 
Apple,  Pear,  Peach,  f'lmn,  Cherry,  and  quince  Trees,  also  small  Fruite  aud  Ornamentals,  shipped 
direct  lu  your  orchard  a,  Growers  Prices.  36  years  experience  in  pruwinc  I, cum,  r uAUlC"  uo  lo  ship 
you  cuurauEeed  slock  at  a  low  hkure.  li  means  eotnelhlngto  a  trull  pruwer  to  know  lhat  Kelly  Trees 
are  Grown.  Dug,  Packed  and  Shipped  under  the  personal  supervision  of  the  Kelly  Bros. 
Yell  tan  order  I. <ini  our  catalog  just  as  it  you  came  Cu  Dansvllle  lr,  person.  Wo  would  he  glad  to 
have  you  visit  us  and  look  over  our  stock — but  if  you  can’t  come  order  b  om  our  catalog  and  you  will 
have  just  as  rood  treatment,  for  every  order  receives  personal  attention. 
Write  for  free  n  holesute  catalog  today  and  read  our  binding  guarantee. 
KELLY  BROS.  WHOLESALE  NURSERIES.  92  Main  Street,  DANSVILLE,  N.  Y. 
Vov’ll  never  regret  planting  Kelly  Trees. 
SEND  POSTAL  for  this  FREE  BOOK 
Fine  for  reference  or  study— more  than  a  catalog.  Tolls  what  to  plant  in 
your  locality,  bow  to  plant,  trim  and  spiny.  Doscribom  ami  pictures  our 
imninn.se  stock  of  Apples,  Cherries,  Peaches,  Pears,  small  fruits,  etc.— all 
"Wood  Quality’’  stock.  AUo  onr  big  stock  of  ornamental  trees,  shrubs  and 
plants  for  beautifying  vourlhomo  grounds.  I IV.  sell  direct,  unit/— at  about  half 
aymts'  prices.  Don  t  tail  to  write  for  a  copy — return  mall  brings  it. 
WOODLAWN  NURSERIES  Avenue,  ROCHESTER,  N,  Y. 
Grafting  Pears 
I  would  like  your  advice  in  regard  to 
grafting  Kieffer  pear  scions  on  pear  roots. 
I  have  plenty  of  scions  but  must  buy  seed¬ 
lings  to  graft  on.  Whet  kind  would  you 
advise  me  to  buy,  straight  or  branched; 
imported,  UuTopean,  Japan  or  domestic 
( providing  the  latter  cau  be  obtained)? 
Will  whip-grafting  pears  succeed  as  well 
as  whip-grafting  the  apple  ( I  have  done 
the  latter)  or  should  it  be  done  differently 
and  how?  Would  you  advise  early  or 
late  Winter  grafting?  j.  A.  B. 
Grand  Island,  Neb. 
Pears  do  not  succeed  well  when  root- 
grafted,  particularly  the  European  sorts, 
which  are  mostly  propagated  by  budding. 
The  Chinese  hybrids.  Kiefl’er,  Garber,  Ee 
Conte  and  Smith,  usually  succeed  better 
when  root-grafted  than  those  of  Euro¬ 
pean  blood,  but  with  all  this  class  the 
graft  should  be  at  least  10  inches  long, 
and  the  pieces  of  root  three  to  four  inches 
long.  When  planted  they  should  be  set 
deep  enough  so  that  the  top  bud  is  just 
above  the  ground.  The  scions  will  then 
“  II* "Hi — id  at  okte-haijF. 
City  Seedsmen  Prices  ! 
l.ct  ii a  aend  you  our  ontulog  of  seeds— It’s  dJffer- 
you  facts,  and  why  we  tan  save  yon  money,  and  give  you  a  guaranteed 
L.  Just  drop  n  postal  today  anil  see  I  he  difference  In  buying  your  seeds  in 
.  FORI  LEST  SEED  CO.,  Box  ««,  Cortland,  N,  \. 
Building  Cesspool 
A  Maine  correspondent  recently  asked 
for  information  regarding  a  cesspool.  We 
built  one  some  20  years  ago.  It  is  about 
five  feet  square  and  four  deep,  and  is 
stoned  up  on  four  sides  like  an  ordinary 
stone  wall.  The  inlet  which  takes  care  of 
two  closets,  set  tubs,  bowls  and  bath  tub 
and  sink  is  four  inch  pipe  about  two  feet 
from  the  bottom  and  the  outlet  is  the 
same  sized  pipe  and  runs  about  100  feet 
before  it  reaches  the  surface.  The  waste 
then  distributes  itself  over  a  mowing 
field,  and  the  way  Ihe  "tjss  grows  within 
certain  limits  makes  one  wish  the  area 
was  greater.  It  never  has  given  us  any 
trouble.  Tbe  cover  is  six  inch  flagging 
covered  with  soil  and  sand,  aud  tbe  out¬ 
let  is  about  the  same  height  as  the  inlet. 
F.  C.  C. 
PEDIGREE  POTATOES 
IV  )  Seed  Corn,  Oats,  Barley 
‘  Harris  Seed  Potatoes  are  bred  by  the  “bill- 
mTv  unit  ”  system  of  selection  and  give  much 
I  \  heavier  yields  than  common  seed. 
Harris  is  the  Only  Seedsman  in  the  country  who  tells 
^  what  per  cent  of  (he  seeds  he  sells  will  gtow.  Every  lot 
Br.  o(  seeds  is  tetlcd  and  the  percent  that  germinate  is  marked 
F  Oh  the  label.  The  seeds  are  sent  direct  from  the  farm  to 
you  at  wholesale  prices.  Among  them  are  garden 
seeds  o|  the  highest  quality.  A  new  big  dent  corn  tor 
‘  /  the  North.  The  largest  oats  ever  grown  in  New  York 
Stare,  aud  lots  ol  ©(her  good  tilings. 
gty  VVTUe  for  free  catalogue  and  if  you  raise  vegc- 
f  rabies  for  market  ask  for  Market  Gardeners 
price  list  also.  IlUiliJ 
JOSEPH  HARRIS  COMPANY  Box  33,  Coldwater,  N. 
