TShe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
llD 
Farming  in  Europe 
Part  II. 
Conserving  Fertility. — The  German 
fanners,  on  the  whole,  take  rather  good 
care  of  the  liquid  manure,  but  in  the 
main,  not  so  of  the  solid.  The  latter  is 
allowed,  by  a  great  number  of  them,  to 
be  on  the  yard  for  a  long  time,  loose  and 
unprotected,  and  nearly  all  of  them  apply 
it  on  land  in  heaps  and  generally  a  long 
time  elapses  before  it  is  spread  and 
turned  under.  As  one  travels  through 
the  country  he  sees  constantly  field  after 
field  with  manure,  in  heaps.  When  there 
is  no  more  room  in  the  yard  and  no 
been  laid  out,  the  land  is  then  vahmted 
by  special  commission  composed  of 
trained  agriculturists.  Each  fanner  then 
receives  land  of  as  much  the  same  area 
and  quality  of  his  original  as  possible, 
either  in  one  large  piece  or  in  few  large 
pieces.  It'  a  farmer  receives  land  of 
poorer  quality  than  the  original,  he  is 
compensated  either  in  money  or  in  more 
land.  The  expenses  accruing  in  this  op¬ 
eration  are  borne  both  by  the  government 
it  ml  the  village. 
Unkfxikd  German  Fields. — In  those 
divided  into  two  or  three  parts,  each  part 
planted  to  a  different  crop.  Fences  are 
almost  unknown  in  Germany.  The  only 
sign  which  indicates  the  boundaries  of 
the  different  fields  is  a  stone  which  is 
almost  buried  in  the  ground.  The  roads 
are  excellent  throughout  the  country, 
and  are  kept  in  good  condition.  They 
are  much  narrower  than  those  in  Amer¬ 
ica.  and  as  a  rule,  are  always  lined  on 
both  sides  either  by  fruit  or  ornamental 
trees.  Those  trees  are  a  property  of  the 
village  and  not  of  the  individual,  and 
in  the  case  of  the  fruit  trees,  the  fruit  is 
sold  at  auction  and  the  money  obtained 
is  turned  into  the  village  treasury. 
Goon  Tillage. — The  land  in  Germany 
scale.  Besides  giving  the  soil  an  excel¬ 
lent  cultivation,  the  German  farmers  arc 
great  believers  in  fertilizers  and  fertil¬ 
ize  their  land  rather  heavily.  Nearly 
every  farmer  attempts  to  treat  his  land 
with  a  heavy  dressing  of  farmyard  ma¬ 
nure  as  often  as  possible,  hut  at  least 
once  every  three  years,  and  with  commer¬ 
cial  fertilizers  every  year  if  the  system 
of  rotation  permits  it.  The  following 
table  gives  the  names  and  a  rough  ap¬ 
proximation  of  the  total  amounts  of  the 
different  fertilizers  used  in  1909. 
THE  CONSUMPTION  OF 
Superphosphates  . 
Basic  Slag  Meal  ....... 
Salts  of  I’otasfiium  . 
FERTILIZERS. 
Ton  - 
.  ...  1,400.(«  ' 
_  l.soi.o; o 
-  240.77  • 
Nitrate  uf  Soda . 
Sulphate  of  Ammonia 
Is  whore  holdings  are  small,  the  is  worked  remarkably  well.  Almost  every 
farmed  by  different  people  are  long  farmer  seems  to  spare  no  time  and  pains 
arrow.  When  these  holds  are  tin-  to  give  the  soil  the  best  preparation  and 
op  they  present  a  very  interesting  care  under  his  command.  The  Winters 
-they  resemble  the  experimental  in  Germany  are  generally  not  very  so¬ 
ul’  some  of  the  stations  in  this  vere.  The  soil,  therefore,  freezes  late  or 
y.  Each  farmer  may  he  growing  not  at.  all.  and  thaws  very  early  and 
plot  an  entirely  different  crop  from  consequently  it  receives  extra  work.  As 
if  his  neighbor.  For  instance,  it  a  rule,  the  land  is  plowed  at  least  twice, 
uncommon  to  see  seven  long  and  once  shallow  and  once  deep,  and  rolled. 
.  strips  of  land  under  seven  or  disked  and  harrowed  several  times.  Many 
different  crops.  Some  of  these  of  the  large  domains  afford  excellent  ex- 
iu  the  midst  of  the  others,  may  be  amples  of  intensive  tillage  on  a  largo 
A  naiGiiT-Am;  \RINti  Italian  applied  t> 
a,  subway  boss  for  a  job.  and  was  asked 
if  lie  had  any  children,  lie  said  lie  1ml 
nine,  some  of  them  working,  others  in 
the  public  school,  and  the  rest  at  home. 
The  boss  inquired  if  that  was  not  a 
larger  family  than  he  wanted,  and  lie 
said  no.  Ho  explained:  "Man  have  one. 
two  child:  grow  up  and  go  \va.\  and  leave 
father  and  mother  atone.  Have  eight, 
nine  child,  always  one  home  to  tell  oil 
man,  ‘Hullo,  Pop.’  “ — Credit  Lost. 
a  remarkable  price  of 
— a  37/s-inch  bore  by  5- 
inch  stroke,  FORTY 
horse  power  motor ; 
—ROOM  for  SEVEN 
passengers — and  comfort 
for  every  one  of  them ; 
— beauty  of  design  and 
finish ; 
— and  many  new  refine¬ 
ments  including: 
Gas  tank  transferred  from  the 
cow!  to  rear  of  chassis 
Stewart  Vacuum  Feed  Sys¬ 
tem  set  on  intake  manifold 
DIVIDED  front  seats  that 
are  adjustable  fore  and  aft  to 
the  passenger’s  comfort 
MORE  room  everywhere  in 
the  car 
Overlapping  windshield,  com¬ 
pletely  storm-proof 
Instruments  even  more  con¬ 
veniently  arranged  on  dash, 
indirectly  lighted. 
To  any  man  who  knows  cars  or  who  has 
kept  in  touch  with  the  new  cars  of  the  year 
in  any  way  whatever,  there  is  no  necessity 
for  our  saying  more  than  “Read  the  reasons 
listed  at  the  side”. 
Buying  a  car  is  merely  a  matter  of  getting  the  big¬ 
gest  value,  the  most  satisfactory  car  for  the  price 
you  pay.  Every  man  who  owns  or  operates  a  farm 
knows  from  long  experience  the  QUALITY  that 
the  name  of  Studebaker  insures.  And  the  unex¬ 
celled  manufacturing  facilities,  the  GREAT  financial 
resources,  the  long  manufacturing  experience  and 
the  largely  increased  volume  that  the  remarkable 
popularity  of  the  new  cars  has  produced  has  made 
possible  many  refinements  and  a  REDUCTION  in 
price  to  $845  that  makes  this  new  SERIES  17 
Studebaker  FOUR  the  GREAT  value  of  the  year. 
See  it  before  you  decide  on  any  car.  Handsome 
catalog  on  request. 
STUDEBAKER 
South  Bend,  Ind.  Detroit,  Mich.  Walkerville,  Ont, 
Address  all  correspondence  to  Detroit — Dept.  F  37 
now  in  use 
Six-Cylinder  Models 
Touring  Car,  7-pau.  -  $1050 
Roadster,  3-passenger  •  1025 
Landau- Roadster,  3-pau.  1350 
Coupe,  4 -passenger  -  1600 
Limousin*,  7 -passenger  2500 
Four-Cylinder  Models 
Touring  Car,  7-passenger  $845 
Roadster,  3 -passenger  •  825 
Landau- Roadster,  3  pass.  1145 
F.O.B,  Detroit 
Half-Ton  Com’ciat  Cars 
Panel  Delivery  Car  .  .  $875 
Express  Body  ...  850 
Station  &  Baggage  Wagon  875 
One-  Ton  Corn  'cialTrucks 
Open  Express,  complete  $1200 
Stake  Body,  complete  •  1250 
Bus.  16-oas*.,  fulleauin.  1400 
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