212 
Zihe  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
February  5,  1916. 
WON 
INTERNATIONAL 
EXPOSITION 
SAN  FRANCISCO 
nr»«T»i»T  o<  wuuiLTm 
SUCCESSFUL  AT 
Hutchinson,  Champaign,  Fremont 
and  Bloomington  Demonstrations 
TRAOE  MARK  REG.U.S.PAT.  OFF. 
EAVES 
Farm  Mechanics 
Mogul  8-16 
Electric  Power  from  Steam 
I  am  very  much  interested  in  the  arri- 
elos  on  electric  light  for  the  farm.  We 
have  a  small  stream  on  onr  farm,  about 
N00  feet  from  the  house.  I  think  it  de¬ 
livers  about  100  cubic  feet  to  the  minute. 
Ho  you  think  I  could  get  enough  power 
from  an  undershot  wheel  to  run  a  one- 
kilowatt  dynamo.  110  volt,  at  half  load 
or  25  20-candle  power  lamps.  I  wish  to 
use  a  compound-wound  dynamo.  Jlow 
long  would  a  dynamo  of  this  kind  last, 
and  how  many  wires  would  I  have  to 
have  from  the  dynamo  to  the  house? 
Could  I  make  a  small  turbine  for  this 
purpose?  If  so.  bow  is  it  made,  and 
what  different  sized  wheels  would  I  re¬ 
quire  between  the  turbiue  and  the 
dynamo?  G.  H. 
Gap,  Pa. 
To  obtain  the  horse  power  that  a 
stream  is  capable  of  developing  it  is  nec¬ 
essary  to  know  the  amount,  of  water 
flowing  past  a  given  point  per  minute, 
and  the  distance  it  falls  in  feet.  By  get¬ 
ting  this  first  factor  in  pounds  and  mul¬ 
tiplying  it  by  the  height  of  the  full  in 
feel  we  secure  the  foot  pounds  of  work 
accomplished  per  minute  by  the  stream. 
As  33,000  foot  pounds  per  minute  con¬ 
stitute  a  horse  power,  dividing  by  this 
number  will  give  the  horse  power  that 
the  stream  is  capable  of  developing.  G. 
H.  fails  to  give  the  amount  of  fall  that 
can  be  secured  in  the  stream  referred  to. 
simply  stating  that  the  flow  is  ‘‘about'’ 
100  cubic  feet  per  minute. 
Assuming  that  the  stream  has  a  fall  of 
10  feet  at  this  point,  not  quite  two 
horse  power  would  be  developed  with  the 
flow  given.  A  cubic  foot  of  wafer  weighs 
roughly  02.5  pounds,  therefore  0.250 
pounds  of  water  would  fall  lit  feet  in 
this  case,  making  a  total  of  62.500  foot 
pounds  of  work  done  in  one  minute.  This 
divided  by  33,000  gives  nearly  1.0  as  the 
horse  power  of  the  stream. 
The  available  fall  can  be  measured 
roughly  by  means  of  a  carpenter’s  level. 
Place  tilts  in  a  level  position  oil  the 
bank  of  the  stream  with  its  length  paral¬ 
lel  with  the  course  of  the  si  ream.  Have 
a  helper  hold  a  polo  upright  with  the 
foot  at  the  proposed  level  of  the  water  in 
the  pond  and  sighting  over  the  level  have 
him  mark  the  point  where  the  line  of 
sight  intersected  the  pole.  Xmv  have  him 
go  down  stream  to  tin-  proposed  location 
nf  the  wheel  and  without  moving  the 
level  repeat  the  operation.  The  distance 
between  the  two  marks  on  the  pole  will 
indicate  the  total  fall  of  the  stream.  It. 
is  not  possible  to  utilize  quite  all  of  tin's 
in  turning  the  wheel,  however,  as  enough 
has  to  be  deducted  to  permit  ready  dis¬ 
charge  of  the  waste  water  from  the 
wheel. 
The  amount  of  water  flowing  in  a 
stream  is  a  deceptive  factor  and  can  sel¬ 
dom  he  determined  accurately  without 
measurement.  In  small  streams  the  flow 
is  visually  measured  by  a  weir — a  rectan¬ 
gular  or  V-shaped  notch  in  u  temporary 
dam  through  which  the  water  flows.  The 
depth  is  measured  some  distance  up 
stream  from  the  weir  by  driving  a  stake 
in  the  bed  of  the  stream  until  its  top  ;s 
level  with  the  bottom  of  the  weir  opening 
aud  then  measuring  to  the  water  surface 
from  this  point.  A  weir  table  is  neces¬ 
sary  to  compute  the  flow  and  this  is 
gladly  furnished  along  with  full  instruc¬ 
tions  for  constructing  a  weir  by  maun-- 
facturcrs  of  water  wheels  and  electric 
machinery  for  farm  use.  Several  meas¬ 
urements  should  be  taken  at  different 
seasons  of  the  year  as  the  flow  is  of 
course  much  less  at  some  Seasons  than  it. 
is  at  another. 
friction,  eddy  cur- 
sufficient  power  for  the  work.  The  tur¬ 
bine  would  be  the  most  difficult  type  to 
make  and  at  best  is  not  well  adapted  to  a 
small  flow  of  water.  If  on  measurement 
the  water  supply  is  found  to  be  greater 
than  he  anticipated  lie  might,  however, 
build  an  overshot  wheel  that  would  do 
the  work.  Correspondence  with  water 
wheel  concerns  will  ludp  to  clear  up 
these  points  for  him. 
As  to  the  size  of  gear  or  holt;  wheels 
required  to  connect  the  generator  with 
the  water  wheel,  this  can  be  determined 
only  after  the  speed  of  the  water  wheel 
is  known.  Multiplying  the  speed  of  the 
generator  by  the  diameter  of  the  pulley 
used  on  it  and  dividing  this  product,  by 
the  revolutions  per  minute  made  by  the 
water  wheel  when  running  under  fuil 
load  will  give  the  diameter  of  the  belt 
wheel  for  the  water  wheel  shaft. 
The  life  of  a  generator,  unless  ruined 
by  accident  or  improper  care  is  of  inde¬ 
finite  length.  The  only  moving  part  is 
the  armature  spinning  in  its  hearings 
similar  to  the  cylinder  in  a  thrashing  ma¬ 
chine.  the  bearings  are  easily  and  cheaply 
replaceable  when  worn. 
Manufacturers  of  electric  machinery 
and  water  wheels  advertising  in  The  K. 
N.-Y.  will  be  glad  to  furnish  booklets  giv¬ 
ing  more  detailed  information  than  the 
space  here  permits  and  through  their  use 
G.  II.  will  have  no  great  difficulty  in  solv¬ 
ing  his  problems.  R.  II.  s. 
Mogul  8-16 
Kerosene 
Tractor 
Chicago 
\  T  the  price,  the  Mogul  8-1 G  tractor  deserves 
the  careful  attention  of  all  progressive  f  armers. 
It  won  a  Grand  Prize  at  both  San  Francisco  and  San 
Diego  Expositions.  That  proves  its  class. 
It  can  be  used  with  profit  on  small  farms,  doing  all  the  hardest 
work  of  the  horses,  aud  much  that  horses  cauuot  do.  That 
proves  its  usefulness. 
It  betters  the  plowing  and  other  work  of  seed  bed  preparation, 
while  reducing  its  cost,  aud  — 
It  burns  kerosene  under  all  conditions.  This  one  reason  is 
enough  to  sell  a  Mogul  8-1 6, because,  outlie  average,  gasoline  costs 
about  65  per  cent  more  than  kerosene.  That  proves  its  economy. 
It  costs  about  half  its  equivalent  in  horse  flesh. 
The  price  is  $675  cash,  f.  o.  b.  Chicago. 
A  tractor  so  good,  so  useful  on  farms  of  all  sizes,  so  economical, 
and  at  such  a  price,  deserves  a  thorough  investigation.  Your  local 
dealer  should  be  able  to  show  you  a  Mogul  8-16.  If  he  can’t, 
write  to  us.  We’ll  see  that  you  got  a  look  at  it,  and  we  will  also 
send  you  our  new  book,  “Tractor  Power  vs.  Horse  Power.” 
International  Harvester  Company  of  America^ 
A)  CHICAGO  USA  (f<| 
¥/  Champion  Peering  McCormick  Milwaukee  Osborne  Plano 
Calculating  Length  of  Rafters 
I  intend  building  pig-house  30  feet 
long,  2-1  feet  wide.  10x6  pigpens ;  four- 
foot  walk  in  the  center,  five  pens  on 
each  side  of  walk.  How  long  are  rafters 
required  to  extend  one  foot  for  a  good 
pitch?  A.  0, 
Long  Island. 
The  rule  for  calculating  length  of  raft¬ 
ers  where  roof  is  to  he  of  one-third  pitch 
is  to  add  two  and  one-half  inches  to  each 
foot  of  the  distance  from  centre  of  build¬ 
ing  to  plate,  plus  the  overhang.  In  your 
case,  with  a  building  24  feet  wide  and 
one  foot  overhung  of  rafter,  this  distance 
would  be  13  feet,  requiring  a  rafter  15 
feet  8%  inches  in  length.  Where  roof 
is  to  be  of  one-half  pitch,  five  inclns 
are  similiarly  added.  M.  b.  n. 
IIkating  Coir.  Ix  Smoke  I’ice. — Will 
you  put  this  up  to  some  nf  your  mechan¬ 
ical  readers?  Having  a  hot-air  furnace, 
with  fire  pot  too  small  to  admit  of  put¬ 
ting  in  a  coil,  we  propose  taking  off  the 
galvanized  iron  smoke  pipe,  and  build  a 
brick  smoke  pipe  from  furnace  to  chim¬ 
ney.  12  inches  square  inside  and  place 
in  this  a  double  coil  of  1  V-j-iuoh  pipe, 
the  finished  coil  to  be  three  feet  Jong.  1  t.v 
double  coil  we  mean  two  pieces  of  pipe 
three  feet  long.  In  the  attic  Mould  have 
expansion  tank,  also  gauge  and  valves  at 
furnace,  etc.  There  appears  to  he  a 
great  deal  of  waste  heat  going  out  of  the 
smoke  pipe,  which  is  sizzling  hot  nearly 
all  the  time.  Do  you  think  it  practical? 
If  so  how  many  cubic  feet  of  space  would 
we  be  able  to  heat?  S.  F. 
New  Jersey. 
A  Safe,  Speedy  anil  Positive  Pure  for 
Curb.  Splint,  Sweeny.  Capped  Hoelt, 
Strained  Tendons,  Founder,  Wind 
Puffs,  and  all  lameness  trout  Spavin, 
Ringbone  aud  other  bony  tumors. 
Cures  all  Klein  diseases  or  Parasites. 
Thrush.  Removes  all  Bunches  from 
Horses  or  Cattle. 
As  a  Human  Remedy  for  Rheumatism, 
Sprains.  Sore  Throat,  etc.,  it  is  lie 'itimlde. 
Every  bottle  of  Caustic  Balsam  sold  is 
Warranted  to  give  satisfaction.  Price 
§1,50  per  bottle.  Sold  by  druggists,  or 
sent  by  express,  charges  paid,  with  full 
directions  for  its  usctJr'Scmi  for  descrip¬ 
tive  cimtlars,  testimonials,  etc.  Address 
The  Lawrence- Williams  Co.,  Cleveland,  0. 
Light  Tractor 
SELDOM  SEE 
KEROSENE 
ENGINE 
a  big  knee  like  this,  but  your  horse 
may  have  a  bunch  or  bruise  on  his 
Ankle,  Hock,  Stifle,  Knee  or  Threat. 
And  Save  An  Extra Per  n^y 
DAYS 
FREE 
v  TRIAL . 
We  don't  make  the 
most  engines  in  the 
world — and  we  don't 
want  to!  We  prefer 
to  make  one  good  engine  rather  than 
two  poor  ones.  That  i3  why  thinking 
people  buy  the  Bessemer.  Figure 
ahead,  and  the  Bessemer  always  comes 
out  best.  Made  as  a  Kerosene  engine 
— and  not  a  converted  gasoline  type. 
Sizes  2.  4,  0.  8  and  10  11.  P.  Also 
direct  connected  to  farm  machinery, 
electric  lighting  plants,  aaws.  hoists, 
etc.  Get  our  tacts  aud  study  them. 
THE  BESSEMER  GAS  ENGINE  CO. 
123  Lincoln  Ave.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 
Those  who  need  more  power  should 
use  the  Bessemer  Fuel  Oil  Engine. 
15  to  200  H.  P.  Free  catalog  ''O’* 
explains  them. 
5  will  clean  it  off  without  laying  the 
horse  up.  No  blister,  no  haif 
gone.  Concentrated  —  only  a  few 
drops  required  at  an  application.  $2  per 
boiilc  delivered.  Describe  your  cue  tor  special  instruction* 
and  Book  8  K  free.  ABSORBINE,  JR.,  antiseptic 
liniment  for  mankind.  Reduces  Painful  Swellings.  En¬ 
larged  (Hands,  Goitre,  Wens,  Bruises,  Varicose  Veins, 
Varicosities,  Old  bores.  Allays  Pain.  Price  351  and  £2  3 
bi.ulc  at  drurcists  or  delh-eici.  Manufactured  only  by 
K.  F.  YOUNG.  P.  D.  F„  88  Temple  St.,  Springfield,  Masii 
F  or  various  reason 
rents,  etc.,  it  is  impossible  to  get  the 
whole  of  the  horse  power  of  a  stream 
transferred  into  useful  work.  In  small 
installations  this  is  especially  true  and 
G.  11.  should  not  expect  much  over  one 
horse  power  if  the  fall  and  flow  are  as 
above  stated.  This  power  should  be  ca¬ 
llable  of  driving  the  one  kilowatt  gener¬ 
ator  at  half  load  and  supplying  current 
for  around  twenty  25-watt;  lamps. 
Unless  the  quantity  of  water  is  a  great 
deal  more  than  <4.  II.  thinks,  it  would 
not  be  advisabble  to  try  to  construct,  a 
water  wheel  of  any  type,  much  less  a 
turbine.  It  would  probably  be  so  waste¬ 
ful  of  water  that  it  Would  not  develop 
MINERAL^!? 
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