258 
"Uhe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
February  12,  1916. 
W  SEND  m 
TO  DAY  W 
For  the  ? 
CASE  Catalog 
.  \/  WT  J 
Y>ur Name  on?' 
Postal  Will  Do^j 
Farm  Mechanics 
Water  Power  for  Electric  Light 
1  wish  to  put  in  electric  light  plant. 
My  water  power  is  a  river  100  feet  wide 
where  I  am  thinking  of  putting  in  dam. 
It  is  about  20  feet  deep  and  most  of  the 
way  across  I  think  is  rock  bottom.  I 
have  an  abundance  of  rock  on  bank  of 
river  and  sand  not  very  far  olT.  What 
size  dam  (that  is.  how  thick)  and  how 
high  would  dam  have  to  be  made  above 
low  water  mark?  How  much  Cement 
would  it  take?  I  need  dam  only  for 
pressure  as  the  river  at  its  lowest.  I 
think,  would  make  a  stream  three  feet 
deep  and  eight  feet  wide,  so  I  would  have 
to  use  a  turbine  wheel:  two  of  my  near 
neighbors  may  go  in  with  me  so  I  think 
the  number  of  lights  needed  would  be 
about  25.  Is  it  practical  and  safe  to 
heat  a  house  and  cook  with  electricity? 
equals  225  square  feet.  The  area  of  sec¬ 
tion  (d)  found  in  the  same  way  would 
be  225  square  feet  as  its  sides  are  the 
same  as  the  sides  of  section  (cl.  area  of 
section  (e)  175  square  feet  ami  area  of 
section  (f)  75  square  feet.  The  cross 
sectional  area  of  the  stream  would  then 
be  the  sum  of  these  or  1150  square  feet. 
Suppose  that  after  making  several  tests 
it  was  found  that  the  average  time  taken 
by  the  chip  to  float  100  feet  down  stream 
was  10  minutes,  showing  a  surface  vel¬ 
ocity  of  10  feet  per  minute.  This  when 
multiplied  by  eight-tenths  would  give 
eight  feet  per  minute  as  the  probable 
average  velocity  of  the  stream  and  050 
CASE  Steam  Tractors 
Case  still  believes  in  steam  for  power.  In  some 
localities,  of  course,  gas  is  best.  So  if  it’s  steam  you  want,  remem¬ 
ber  that  there  is  a  Case  steam  engine  for  you.  These  “old  re¬ 
liables”  come  in  seven  sizes — from  30  h.  p.  up  to  110  h.  p. 
In  the  steam  field,  Case  tractors  have  long  been  acknowledged 
the  leaders.  Owners  have  always  praised  their  simplicity  and 
stability  of  construction,  their  economy  in  operation  and  their 
constant  power.  Official  tests  have  further  proved  our  claims. 
Simplicity  Means  a  Great  Deal 
In  our  claims  for  superiority  we  lay  great  stress  upon  the  simplicity  of 
Case  steam  engines.  For  instance,  the  generous  size  of  the  fire-box  and 
the  space  before  it,  which  permit  of  freedom  in  firing,  are  features  which 
appeal  to  all  operators.  The  working  parts,  too,  are  in  full  view  and  within 
easy  reach.  It  is  just  such  things  as  these  that  mark  Case  tractors  in  dis¬ 
tinction  to  others. 
Simplicity  and  ease  of  operation,  taken  in  connection  with  economy, 
together  with  time,  labor  and  fuel  saving  qualities,  have  made  Case  tractors 
decidedly  profitable.  Those  who  have  used  them  can  tell  you. 
There  are  many,  many  features,  but  here  are  a  few: 
1.  Simplicity:  As  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  we  build  the  single  engine 
type  only. 
2.  Stability:  As  shown  by  the  fact  that  our  boilers  are  built  so  well  that  they 
meet  the  law  requirements  of  practically  every  country  in  the  world. 
This  means  that  anyone  can  use  his  Case  steam  engine  anywhere. 
3.  Economy:  Case  steam  engines  have  won  in  every  contest  for  fuel  and 
water  in  which  they  have  been  entered. 
4.  Accessibility:  All  working  parts  are  in  full  view  of  the  operator. 
5.  Power:  Case  steam  engines  develop  more  power  per  pouud  of"  m 
weight  than  any  other.  a 
Famed  for  74  Years  Lj 
Since  184?  Case  machinery  has  known  world  fame.  *  M 
For  years,  even  in  the  face  of  the  popularity  of  the  gas  m 
tractor,  we  have  continued  to  refine  and  improve  Case  I 
steam  engines.  Our  lines  stand  today  with  an  unraatch-  ■ 
able  pedigree.  In  them  are  embodied  all  our  experience  I 
in  designing  and  manufacture.  f  ^ 
Every  man  who  is  considering  the  purchase  of  a  mfm 
steam  tractor  must  be  familiar  with  Case  and  its  w  m 
merits.  Comparisons  should  be  made — much  can  be  \  M 
learned  from  the  experience  of  other  Case  owners,  a  / ^ 
We  make  Case  steam  tractors  in  seven  sizes:  30.  40,  \  \ 
50,65,  75,  80  and  110  h.  p. 
C/?OS£  j£cT/0  or  yST/fJrnt^ 
<77~e<r  3 s~o  $%■//. 
Volume  of  Water  Flowing  in  Stream 
If  so  we  would  use  it.  My  bouse  is  2,500  (area  of  cross  section)  multiplied  by 
fed  from  river;  what  would  the  wiring  eight  (velocity  in  feet  per  minute  I  equals 
cost  i  Our-  colmty  seat  is  about  2'/>  r-  ,  .  ,,  .  .  ...  -....a 
miles  from  river;  I  expect  it  would  use  '*600’  shomn*  tlmt  in  th,s  ‘-600 
250  or  300  lights.  Would  it  pay  to  take  ruble  feet  of  water  per  minute  flows 
it  there,  and  probable  cost?  J.  L.  n.  past  a  given  point  in  the  stream.  A 
\  irginia.  cubic  foot  of  water  weighs  roughly  62.5 
Sufficient  data  has  not  been  furnished  pounds  therefore  02.5  multiplied  by  7,000 
by  J.  L.  II.  to  permit  even  a  guess  at  or  475.000  pounds  of  water  are  dis- 
tbe  horse  power  available.  Two  factors  charged  per  minute  by  the  stream, 
must  be  known  before  the  horsepower  Water  does  work  because  of  its  weight 
that  a  stn-ara  is  capable  of  developing  and  elevation;  the  higher  the  head  or  fall 
can  he  determined:  the  amount  of  water  the  greater  the  work  that  a  given  amount 
flowing  past  a  given  point  in  a  given  of  water  will  do.  Supposing  a  fall  of 
time,  and  the  fall.  The  first  of  these  can  10  feet  in  the  above  case,  we  would  have 
be  obtained  roughly  by  timing  a  chip  or  475,000  multiplied  by  10  or  4.750.000 
other  light  object  as  it  floats  a  known  foot  pounds  done  per  minute.  A  horse 
distance  down  the  center  of  the  stream,  power  is  equal  to  33.000  foot  pounds  done 
The  test  should  be  made  where  the  stream  iu  a  minute,  therefore  dividing  4.750.000 
bed  is  fairly  regular  in  size  and  the  vel-  by  33.000  will  give  nearly  144  horsepow- 
ocity  even  and  not  too  high.  Several  er  as  the  rate  at  which  the  stream  could 
tests  should  be  made,  and  their  average  do  work  provided  that  all  of  its  water 
taken,  and  these  tests  should  be  made  on  could  be  used  in  doing  useful  work, 
a  quiet  day,  otherwise  the  result  might  The  fall  can  be  determined  roughly  by 
be  affected  by  the  wind.  Water  always  means  of  the  ordinary  carpenter's  level 
flows  swifter  ar  the  center  and  surface  and  a  straight  edge.  A  stake  is  driven 
of  a  stream  than  elsewhere  and  because  with  its  top  at  the  level  at  which  the 
r)ait 
- 
lirilCaHtMii 
ffefhtr/ 
The  Sign  of 
Mechanical 
Excellence 
the  World  Over 
Leaders  in  Other  Lines  of 
Agricultural  Machinery 
Case  gas  tractors.  Case  threshing  machines, 
Case  road  m  etc  hi  n  cry.  Case  an  tom  obilcs,  and  every 
Case  product  is  each  a  dominant  factor  in  its  iwdril liillllU^' 
own  field.  Write  today  for  our  complete  Case  Cata* 
log.  It  is  an  album  of  information  that  should  beunder 
the  reading  lamp  in  every  farm  sittingroom.  It  is  beauti¬ 
fully  printed,  with  many  interesting  scenes  and  reproductions  in  color.  No 
farmer  should  miss  having  it.  Especially  when  it  costs  you  only  one  penny  for  a 
postal  card  to  get  it.  Merely  write,  -Send  me  your  general  machinery  catalog." 
Determining  Fall  of  Stream 
of  this  it  is  necessary  to  multiply  the  water  will  stand  in  the  proposed  pond, 
result  obtained  in  the  above  test  by  eight-  Another  stake  is  then  driven  the  length 
tenths  to  get  the  probable  average  velo-  of  the  straight  edge  from  the  first  and 
city  of  flow  of  the  stream  at  this  point,  on  the  down  stream  side.  This  is  driven 
After  obtaining  the  velocity  in  feet  per  in  until  tbo  level  shows  the  straight  edge 
minute  in  tin's  wav,  the  flow  of  water  in  to  be  horizontal.  This  cun  most  easily 
cubic  feet  per  minute  may  be  obtained  be  doue  by  driving  the  second  stake 
by  multiplying  this  result  by  the  niim-  slightly  lower  than  needed,  and  using  a 
her  of  square  feet  iu  the  cross  section  of  nail  driven  into  the  top  to  rest  the 
the  stream.  The  area  of  cross  section  is  straight  edge  on  ;  the  nail  can  bo  driven 
found  by  measuring  the  depth  at  regu-  to  the  proper  point  more  easily  than 
lar  intervals  across  the  stream.  Each  could  the  entire  stake.  The  straight  edge 
of  these  divisions  with  the  exception  of  is  now  placed  with  one  end  on  the 
the  two  end  ones  will  be  a  trapezoid  ground  at  the  foot  of  the  second  stake, 
whose  area  can  be  computed  by  multi-  and  a  third  stake  driven  below  tile  see- 
plying  one-half  the  sum  of  the  parallel  ond  in  the  same  way  that  the  second  was 
sides  by  the  distance  between  them.  The  placed.  This  process  is  repeated  until 
two  end  divisions  will  be  triangular  in  the  level  at  which  the  water  will  stand 
shape  and  their  area  can  be  found  by  at  the  head  of  the  tail-race  is  reached, 
multiplying  their  length  by  one-half  their  The  sum  of  the  heights  of  all  the  stakes 
height.  The  area  of  these  separate  divis-  except  the  first  will  equal  the  total  fall 
ions  will,  when  added,  give  the  area  of  or  the  difference  between  the  height  of 
the  cross  section  of  the  stream.  This  is  the  surface  of  the  water  in  flip  pond  and 
shown  more  clearly  in  the  first  cut  above,  that  at  the  head  of  the  tail  race.  If 
In  a  smaller  stream  depth  measurements  the  horizontal  distance  is  too  great  to  be 
should  be  taken  at  closer  intervals,  measured  in  this  way  the  same  principle 
Suppose  the  figure  to  represent  the  cross  can  be  used  only  sighting  over  tbe  top  of 
section  of  a  stream  300  feet  in  width,  the  level  to  a  pole  held  by  a  helper  in- 
ncasurenients  of  the  depth  being  taken  stead  of  using  the  straight  edge, 
at  50- foot  intervals  across  its  width,  the  If  the  above  data — volume  of  discharge 
depths  being  as  shown.  The  area  of  sec-  in  cubic  feet  per  minute  and  fall  in  foot 
tion  (a)  would  be  three  multiplied  hy  50  together  with  all  purposes  for  which  it  is 
divided  by  two  equals  75  square  feet,  desired  to  use  power — are  sent  to  some 
area  of  section  (b)  three  plus  four  di-  of  the  reliable  water-wheel  companies 
vided  by  two  multiplied  hy  50  equals  175  they  will  gladly  advise  as  to  construction 
square  feet,  area  section  (c)  four  plus  of  dam,  installation  of  wheel,  etc.,  but 
five  divided  by  two  multiplied  hy  50  without  it  they  have  no  means  of  kuow- 
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