Uhe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
273 
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Road  in  Kirby  y.  Hrnnett’d 
■  own  words  how  he  h.ir- 
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H  from  Ida  little  50x110  ft. 
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Gold 
Plum  > 
Farm  Institute  Worker  on  Long  Island 
Tart  II. 
Changing  Conditions. — Tliore  are 
other  special  crops  as  well — notably  cau¬ 
liflower,  Brussels  sprouts,  Lima  beans, 
cabbage  and  perhaps  strangest  of  all  cab¬ 
bage  seed.  But  after  all,  iu  any  section 
the  most  interesting  subject  is  not  the 
soil  or  climate  or  crops,  but  the  farm 
people  themselves.  The  island  was  orig¬ 
inally  settled  by  the  finest  racial  stocks 
in  America.  The  Connecticut  Yankee 
migrated  here  and  established  himself 
more  than  200  years  ago,  Sonthold  and 
Bridgehampton  being  settled  in  1000. 
Then  in  addition  came  the  Hollanders  and 
Quakers,  who  were  just,  as  good  as  the 
Puritans.  Socially,  the  part  that  lies 
near  Now  York  has  fallen  on  evil  days, 
with  its  foreign  population,  its  multi¬ 
tude  of  saloons  and  other  miserable  in¬ 
stitutions  whieh  flourish  on  the  fringes 
of  every  great  city.  Then  too  the  fash¬ 
ionable — the  millionaires — ere  rapidly 
possessing  the  entire  land,  and  turning  it 
into  a  great  manor-house  system  modeled 
after  that  of  England.  Personally  I 
view  this  social  change  with  feelings  of 
genuine  sorrow.  The  old-time  native 
feels  feels  it  too.  I  talked  with  a  man 
the  other  day  who  spoke  sadly  of  the 
changes  that  wore  going  on  about  him. 
“My  forefathers/'  he  said,  “have  lived  on 
this  land  for  200  years — seven  genera¬ 
tions.  My  neighbor  and  I  alone  are  left 
of  the  old  community.  We  on  our  farms 
are  like  an  island  in  a  sett  of  strange 
civilization  that  is  about  to  engulf  us, 
but  wc  would  like  to  live  out  our  lives  on 
these  lands  that  our  fathers  tilled  so 
long.”  I  said  :  “Sire — I  salute  you.  You 
are  the  last  of  a  line  of  kings.” 
Successkvi.  Farms. — But  further  east 
on  the  North  Shore  there  is  a  more  cheer¬ 
ful  story.  I  have  been  trying  to  collect 
examples  of  agricultural  communities 
which  have  achieved  some  notable  suc¬ 
cess  in  the  raising  of  men  as  well  as  the 
raising  of  crops,  and  among  those  which 
stand  out  in  my  mind  is  the  Sound  Ave¬ 
nue  neighborhood.  That  is  the  somewhat 
citified  name  given  to  a  country  road 
that  skirts  the  island  on  the  north  for 
twenty  or  more  miles,  following  the  curves 
of  the  shore  and  keeping  about  one  mile 
from  the  beach.  Something  more  than 
200  years  ago  a  party  of  Connecticut 
Puritans  went  adventuring  across  the 
sound  and  settled  this  locality,  laying  out 
the  road,  building  their  homes  along  it 
and  choosing  liberal-sized  farms  which 
were  alike  at  least  in  this  respect — that 
all  of  them  fronted  on  the  trail  and  all 
.of  them  ran  down  to  the  water  a  mile  to 
the  north.  After  more  than  two  cen¬ 
turies  the  same  general  arrangements  still 
prevails.  Men  still  build  their  homes  on 
the  avenue,  and  each  farm  has  its  little 
stretch  of  water  front  which  stops  at 
high-tide  mark,  for  by  immemorial  usage 
the  beach  is  public  domain. 
Intensive  Culture.- — These  farms 
were  once  large  but  from  time  to  time 
they  have  been  subdivided  in  order  that 
a  man  might  give  a  portion  to  his  dif¬ 
ferent  sons,  and  this  process  has  gone 
on  until  in  many  cases  the  farms  are 
ribbons  of  land  which  may  he  50  acres 
or  less  in  area,  but  are  always  a  mile 
long.  Now  50  acres  in  general  farming 
will  hardly  do  more  than  give  a  man  a 
very  modest  living,  but  in  intensive  mar¬ 
ket  garden  crops  it  may  enable  him  to 
send  his  children  to  college,  equip  his 
house  with  city  improvements  and  drive 
a  high-powered  automobile.  This  intense 
agriculture  and  rather  small  and  narrow 
farms  has  resulted  in  an  unusually  dense 
rural  population.  So  Sound  Avenue  for 
miles  resembles  a  village  street  rather 
than  a  country  road.  Such  conditions 
have  enabled  this  community  to  build  the 
best  country  school  houses  that  I  ever 
saw  and  to  support  a  splendid  country 
church.  This  latter  is  almost  urban  in 
its  appointments  of  a  pipe  organ  and 
acetylene  gas  lighting,  a  sort  of  vision  of 
what  the  country  church  may  he  when 
agriculture  comes  to  its  own.  I  found 
Sound  Avenue  proud  of  itself,  its  life  and 
its  traditions.  So  far  it  has  maintained 
itself  against  both  the  city  Summer  resi¬ 
dent  and  foreigner.  It  represents  today 
the  aristocracy  of  the  soil.  I  hope  that 
none  of  the  changes  that  come  with  the 
years  may  drive  them  from  their  sunny 
productive  fields.  Land  values  here  are 
continually  increasing,  and  adding  to  the 
local  wealth  and  prosperity. 
JARED  VAN  WAGENEN,  JR. 
Western  New  York  Horticultural  Society 
Part  II. 
Director  Jordan  of  the  Geneva  Experi¬ 
ment  Station  spoke  of  the  "Future  of 
Fruit  Growing,”  and  said  the  man  who 
goe.s  in  the  business  and  sticks  to  it  will 
win  out  in  spite  of  fluctuations  of  the 
market.  Dr.  Jordan  complained  of  the 
treatment  the  Station  received  at  the 
hands  of  the  State  authorities.  “The 
Geneva  Experiment  Station  lias  come  to 
a  standstill,  and  it  is  now  a  question 
whether  it  will  go  forward  or  go  back,” 
said  Dr.  Jordan.  "Funds  are  needed  if 
it  is  to  grow,  and  it  is  your  business  to 
see  that  they  are  supplied.  We  have 
down  there  antiquated  forcing  houses, 
which  cannot  last  much  longer.  We  have 
no  auditorium  in  which  to  hold  meet¬ 
ings  such  as  farmers’  institutes.  Our 
storage  plant  is  only  large  enough  to  hold 
our  fruit  exhibits.  The  Station  needs  a 
modern  one  of  larger  capacity.  For  five 
years  we  have  pleaded  that  the  institu¬ 
tion  be  equipped  properly.  1  am  making 
no  charge  against  anyone.  I  am  just 
giving  cold  facts.  The  State  of  Illinois 
is  spending  $100,000  a  year  on  its  experi¬ 
ment  station,  and  several  other  States  are 
leading  New  York  in  this  work.  Yet  this 
State  has  the  most  complex  agriculture 
of  any  except,  possibly,  California.  To 
no  State  does  an  experiment  station  mean 
so  much.  We  ask  this  year  for  three 
tilings.  We  are  told  we  cannot  have 
them.  We  are  faced  by  a  sudden  at¬ 
tempt  of  New  York  to  reform  its  expend¬ 
itures.  The  Geneva  Station  is  vital  to 
New  York's  agricultural  welfare,  which 
upholds  its  economic  values.  Shall  we 
support  it?” 
It  was  explained  that  about  $100,000 
is  wanted  by  the  Station  to  carry  out  its 
plans  for  buildings.  The  greenhouses, 
especially,  were  declared  to  be  in  such 
shape  that  kerosene  lamps  had  to  be  em¬ 
ployed  during  the  coldest  days. 
Prof.  Hedrick  spoke  on  "Result  with 
Experiments  with  Dwarf  Apples."  All 
iliings  considered,  possibly  McIntosh, 
Wealthy,  and  the  little  Lady,  have  been 
most  satisfactory  on  dwarfs.  Jonathan, 
Esoptis,  Grimes,  Alexander,  Wagoner, 
Boiken  and  Bismarck  have  been  very  sat¬ 
isfactory.  Baldwin.  It.  I.  Greening, 
Rome,  Ben  Davis,  Northern  Spy,  Sut¬ 
ton,  the  best  known  of  the  remaining  27 
sorts,  have  not  taken  especially  kindly  to 
the  dwarfing  stocks. 
President  IV.  C.  Barry,  after  having 
reviewed  the  horticultural  wealth  of  New' 
York,  and  given  to  the  mem  hers  some 
idea  of  the  enormous  increase  in  orchard 
acreage,  asked  the  audience  if  it  realized 
the  need  for  better  marketing  for  fruit. 
He  declared  that  two  retail  city  markets 
were  essential  to  the  welfare  of  Roches¬ 
ter  consumers,  one  on  the  west  side  and 
one  on  the  east  side  of  the  city,  and  he 
held  that  those  markets  Were  sure  to 
come.  They  would,  he  said,  be  instru¬ 
mental  in  raising  the  price  of  fruit  to 
growers  in  this  section  by  the  elimina¬ 
tion  of  the  middlemen,  lie  asked  that  a 
committee  be  appointed  to  act  with  the 
Chamber  of  Commerce  in  agitating  for 
the  early  establishment  of  one  or  more 
city  markets. 
The  N.  Y.  State  Fruit  Growers’  Asso¬ 
ciation.  at  its  convention  a  few  weeks 
ago,  declared  for  a  State  auction  market 
in  Rochester.  Mr.  Barry  said  that  he 
hoped  a  sufficient  number  of  the  grow¬ 
ers  would  offer  support  to  such  a  mar¬ 
ket  to  bring  it  to  Rochester,  lie  praised 
the  State  apple  packing  law,  which,  he 
said,  was  operating  to  give  the  growers 
better  prices.  "The  fruit  you  produce 
will  be  consumed,  I  am  certain. ”  said  Mr. 
Barry,  "but  produce  the  right  kind,  put 
it  into  attractive  and  convenient  pack¬ 
ages,  establish  retail  markets,  and  the 
rest  will  care  for  itself.” 
Prof.  Donald  Reddick,  of  Cornell,  pre¬ 
dicted  that  an  agricultural  service  bu¬ 
reau  for  the  dissemination  of  information 
to  the  farmers  of  Western  New  York  will 
he  established  in  Rochester  in  less  than 
five  years.  This  bureau  will  have  a 
director  who  will  prepare  reports  on 
agricultural  conditions  for  publications 
in  the  next  day's  morning  newspapers, 
based  upon  the  daily  investigations  of 
several  experts  who  will  tour  Western 
New  5 1 irk  in  automobiles.  Prof.  Red¬ 
dick  explained  that  at  least  two  such 
motorists  will  he  essential,  an  onfomo- 
gist  and  an  expert  on  plant  disease. 
Every  day  these  meat  will  cover  different 
seetjotis  of  the  region  west  of  Oswego. 
Their  reports  to  the  bureau’s  manager 
in  the  oveuing  will  tell  whether  certain 
insects  arc  about  to  become  a  menace 
or  a  certain  disease  is  about  to  break 
out  iu  a  locality.  Tin*  director  will  be 
minutely  informed  as  to  what  course  the 
farmers  should  take  the  next  day.  Tin* 
weather  bureau  will  assist  and  with  his 
advice  about  spraying,  cultivation,  etc., 
the  director  will  send  forth  the  weather 
prediction  for  the  next  day.  Prof.  Red¬ 
dick  believes  that  in  this  way  the  farmer 
will  he  able  to  anticipate  attacks  from 
plant  d'senses  and  insects  and  losses 
from  rains,  and  save  millions  of  dollars 
annually.  lie  will  spray  his  trees  at 
the  proper  time,  and  apple  seal)  and  in¬ 
sects  will  be  destroyed.  w.  h.  j. 
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