282 
Zs/>e  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
February  19,  1910. 
Training  Grapevines 
I  have  planted  100  Concord  grape¬ 
vines  two  years  old  last  Fall.  They  have 
from  two  to  live  stems  on  them  and  are 
about  two  to  three  feet  high.  Do  they 
need  pruning  this  Spring?  If  so  how 
much  .shall  I  cut  off?  Could  I  set  posts 
and  run  wire  on  for  trellis?  How  tall 
should  the  posts  he?  How  many  wires 
should  there  be  for  them  to  run  on? 
Herrin,  Ill.  G.  A. 
we  are  not  able  to  do  this.  In  the  sys¬ 
tem  of  training  thus  far  outlined  it  is 
intended  that  these  vines  shall  event¬ 
ually  consist  of  a  short  trunk  IS  or  20 
inches  in  length,  dividing  into  two  arms 
of  variable  length,  one  extending  to  the 
right  and  the  other  to  the  left,  and  sup¬ 
ported  by  the  lower  wire,  to  which  both 
out  of  harm’s  way.  A  little  fruit  will 
be  borne  on  these  four  shoots,  but  the 
real  gain  by  this  method  of  treatment  is 
in  getting  well  developed  and  ripened 
canes  for  the  succeeding  year.  Those 
vines  that  have  made  a  poor  growth 
should  instead  of  having  a  cane  tied  up 
to  the  lower  wire,  he  cut  back  to  two 
buds.  The  shoots  that  arise  from  these 
can  be  loosely  tied  *o  the  lower  wire  as 
was  done  in  the  instance  just  outlined, 
and  another  year  one  cane  can  he 
brought  to  the  wire.  Such  vines  will  of 
each  eye  you  can  use  this  seed  provided 
you  take  pains  to  treat  the  potato,  and 
thus  prevent  scab.  Of  course  our  opin¬ 
ions  about  the  vitality  of  these  potatoes 
will  be  of  little  value.  Why  not  ask  the 
potato?  Out  a  few  of  them  up  as  you 
would  in  planting,  and  put  the  seeds 
either  in  flower  pots  or  in  boxes.  Cover 
with  good  soil,  water  well  and  put  them 
in  a  sunny  place.  You  can  tell  from  this 
whether  the  sprouts  start  out  vigorously 
or  not.  If  tlmy  do  you  can  use  them 
for  seed  without  question. 
are  tied.  These  arms  in  turn  are  to 
support  canes  which  are  tied  to  the  two 
upper  wires.  The  canes  directly  carry 
the  fruiting  shoots,  and  are  renewed 
each  year.  Not  so  with  the  trunk  and 
arms;  these  are  the  more  or  less  per-  M  hat  about  planting  grub-eaten  pota- 
manent  framework  of  the  vine.  toes  that  were  grown  Irma  new  Aroostook 
TTM  t  ,  ,  <  onut.v  seed  last.  year,  planted  on  a  held 
W  hen  the  shouts  hnv(>  grown  four  or  4)f  gpnuiui  where  thi*rc  hud  been  no  other 
five  inches  from  the  various  joints,  be-  crop  but  hay  for  many  years?  I  always 
giu  at  the  level  of  the  ground  and  break  ^u>'  Maine  seed  every  year,  but  this  year 
off  all  but  the  four  top  ones,  that  is  the  vrT.?{  of  ^h  prices, 
,  ,  '  ,  .  having  a  considerable  amount  of  them 
four  shoots  directly  below  the  wire  are  which  are  practically  unsalable,  ask  the 
the  only  ones  allowed  to  develop.  At  advice  of  The  Tt.  N.-Y.  There  is  no 
the  next  season’s  priming  the  best  two  S(‘«1'  <*u i  the  potatoes;  it  is  the  big  white 
r  .y  ,  grub  which  mis  bored  holes  in  thorn.  Do 
Of  these  are  retained,  the  two  others  be-  think  tIl0  vitality  uf  the  potato  on 
mg  cut  away.  One  of  those  remaining  is  account  of  these  grub  holes  has  been 
headed  back  to  12  or  1o  buds;  and  after  harmed?  j.  n.  v. 
the  wires  are  tightened,  tied  to  the  right  Monfville,  N.  J. 
of  the  trunk  on  the  lower  wire,  while  the  If  these  seed  potatoes  are  merely  eaten 
other  is  treated  in  the  same  manner  and  by  grubs  and  do  not  carry  too  much  scab 
tied  to  the  left.  Those  canes  become  the  they  can  certainly  he  used  as  seed.  We 
arms  for  a  period  of  years.  should  be  careful,  however,  to  make  sure 
But  to  return  to  the  present  year’s  that  these  wounds  are  entirely  caused  by 
practice.  We  find  the  vine  with  four  grabs,  as  they  may  he  had  specimens  of 
shoots  growing  just  below  the  lower  wire,  the  work  of  some  of  our  potato  diseases, 
and  under  good  care  these  should  length-  The  vital  part  of  the  tuber  lies  in  the  eye 
eu  rapidly.  In  order  to  keep  them  from  or  sprout.  If  that  is  right  the  tuber  may 
being  broken  off  they  should  as  soon  as  certainly  lie  used  for  seed.  The  fleshy 
they  are  long  enough  be  twisted  loosely  part  of  the  tuber  may  be  compared  to  a 
once  around  the  wire  and  as  loosely  tied  milk  bottle  used  to  feed  the  baby  until 
to  it,  as  they  are  very  tender.  It  may  it  is  large  enough  to  roach  out  and  get 
be  necessary  to  tie  them  at  two  or  three  food  for  itself.  If  therefore  there  is  a 
different  periods  in  order  to  keep  them  fair-sized  piece  of  flesh  to  go  along  with 
course  be  a  year 
bearing. 
later  in  reaching  full 
F.  E.  GLADWIN. 
It  is  quite  advisable  in  this  case  to 
put  up  the  trellis  to  accommodate  the 
growth  of  the  coming  year.  The  posts 
should  be  at  least  seven  feet  in  length, 
and  probably  eight  would  be  better. 
Where  the  vines  are  set  eight  feet  apart 
in  the  rows  there  should  be  a  post  for 
every  three  vines.  Where  the  vines  are 
set  six  feet  apart  four  vines  will  be  in¬ 
cluded  between  each  two  posts.  Chestnut 
or  locust  posts  are  to  be  preferred.  After 
sharpening  to  a  tapering  point  they  can 
be  driven  into  holes  made  with  the  crow¬ 
bar.  Care  should  be  taken  to  liue  them 
perfectly  on  the  side  toward  the  pre¬ 
vailing  wind,  on  which  side  the  wire 
is  fastened.  The  end  posts  should  be 
driven  to  a  depth  of  22  to  24  inches  and 
there  braced  by  a  2x4  or  a  4x4,  notched 
to  fit  the  post  at  a  point  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  post’s  length  from  the 
ground.  This  brace  extends  obliquely  to 
the  ground,  and  is  there  held  by  a  4x4 
peg  or  stake.  The  wire  should  be  No. 
9  or  No.  10.  The  number  of  wires  will 
vary  from  one  to  four  depending  upon  the 
vigor  of  the  variety  grown  and  the  sys¬ 
tem  of  training  adopted.  They  are  fast¬ 
ened  to  the  posts  by  ordinary  fence  sta¬ 
ples,  enough  space  being  left  in  the  eye 
of  the  staple  to  permit  loosening  or 
tightening.  Wire  is  secured  to  the  end 
post?  by  winding  it  once  around  them, 
and  then  around  itself.  With  this  vine¬ 
yard  one  wire  is  sufficient  to  take  care 
of  the  growth  of  the  coming  season.  This 
should  be  put  at  a  height  of  18  or  20 
inches  from  the  ground.  The  follow¬ 
ing  season  two  moi’C  should  be  strung 
about  20  inches  apart.  The  completed 
trellis  will  then  consist  of  three  wires 
which  are  ample  for  most  conditions. 
Those  vines  that  have  made  a  vigor¬ 
ous  growth  are  now  cut  hack  to  one  cane 
that  arises  the  most  directly  from  the 
head  or  renter  of  the  vine.  In  the  se¬ 
lection.  care  must  he  taken  that  this  is 
well  ripened.  It  is  then  brought  up  to 
the  wire  and  headed  back  so  that  one  or 
two  buds  extend  above  it.  after  the  cane 
is  firmly  tied  in  a  vertical  position.  In  I 
this  instance  there  is  no  wire  now  up  j 
for  a  guide,  so  when  the  vines  are  pruned 
the  one  so  doing  must  at  first  have  a 
measure  of  the  probable,  height  the.  wire 
will  be  put  up.  After  a  few  are  pruned 
he  will  be  able  to  dispense  with  this 
guide.  It  is  better  to  err  in  pruning  too 
long  than  in  cutting  short,  as  in  the 
former  case  the  extra  length  can  be  cut 
away  after  the  tying  is  done,  but  when 
the  cut  is  made  too  short,  twine  is  ne¬ 
cessary  to  support  the  short  cane,  and 
this  often  results  unsatisfactorily,  as  the 
excessive  weight  placed  upon  it  either 
causes  a  girdle  of  the  cane  or  else  the 
twine  requires  frequent  renewing. 
After  the  wire  has  been  tightened  with 
the  wire  stretcher  and  firmly  fastened  the 
cane  is  tied  tightly  to  it  either  by  soft 
three  or  fonr-ply  twine  that  is  made  ex¬ 
pressly  for  the.  purpose,  or  with  small 
Jelly  Made  from  Pomace 
In  a  recent  issue  of  Tiie  It.  N.-Y.  I 
read  about  making  jelly  from  pomace. 
(Valid  you  find  out  the  process? 
LIT  A  R.  w. 
The  manufacture  of  jelly  from  apple 
pomace  is  a  comparatively  recent  utili¬ 
zation  of  the  pulp  by-product  of  the 
eider  vinegar  industry.  Formerly  this 
last  residue  of  the  apple  was  termed 
waste  stuff  and  was  deposited  on  laud  of 
little  value  where  its  souring  effect  would 
not  he  felt.  Later  the  value  of  pomace 
as  a  ration  for  cattle  became  rated,  and 
in  many  sections  of  the  country  it  is 
used  as  part  of  the  regular  food  in  sea¬ 
son  for  cattle.  The  use  of  pomace  in 
jelly  making  is  the  latest  development 
of  the  by-product.  In  this  utilization 
the  proposition  is  purely  a  commo.reial 
one.  It  is  likely  that  for  all  time  home 
jelly  of  apple  foundation  will  be  made 
after  the  method  of  our  grandmothers, 
since  for  this  purpose  apples  in  limited 
quantity  may  he  obtained  at  almost  any 
time  of  the  year.  In  making  jelly  from 
the  pomace  the  active  principle  of  jelly 
is  not  extracted  from  the  apple  by  press¬ 
ing.  hut  rather  is  extracted  by  cooking 
the  pomace.  Jelly  of  quite  similar  na¬ 
ture  has  been  made  for  some  time  from 
the  cores  and  skins  of  apples  by  much 
the  same  process.  There  is  an  addi¬ 
tion  of  water,  just  how  much  is  deter¬ 
mined  by  the  condition  of  the  pulp  after 
being  processed  in  cider  manufacture. 
The  after  development  of  the  process  is 
not  different  in  the  essentials  from  jelly 
making  of  accepted  vogue. 
HEN  a  man  puts  his  name  on  a  product  he  gives 
a  pledge  to  the  public  which  only  Quality  can  make 
good  The  value  in  a  well-established  name, 
K■  r  and  good  faith 
ire  there  is  stamped 
mder  of  the  world's 
s  tire  company — 
,  the  president  of  the 
•e  and  Rubber  Co. 
■  i _ 
Tread 
The  Distinctive 
Firestone 
Trade-Mark 
