Ijhe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
323 
Fruit  Notes  from  Nova  Scotia 
Nova  Scotia  lias  lm<l  a  peculiar  year 
or  two  in  apple  growing,  I  suppose  wo 
are  as  well  situated  as  any  apple-growing 
district  for  cheap  freights  to  large  (Eu¬ 
ropean)  markets,  hut  we  are  very  sub¬ 
ject  to  black  spot  fungus  on  the  apple, 
due  to  our  moist  Springs.  I  would  judge 
about  0054  of  the  fruit  is  sprayed  in  some 
degree,  and  about  oUrA  sprayed  well.  In 
1014  there  was  a  decided  improvement  in 
quantity  and  quality  of  the  spraying,  and 
as  the  season  was  favorable  for  clean 
fruit  we  were  satisfied,  though  the  aphis 
did  much  harm  and  tin'  crop  was  light. 
The  year  1015  has  unsettled  this  con¬ 
fidence  in  a  measure,  as,  this  season,  fruit 
was  badly  spotted  and  great  numbers  <>f 
the  little  apples  dropped  oil'.  We  had 
also  the  usual  outbreak  of  aphis. 
My  spraying  in  1014  was  about  the 
same  as  that  of  my  neighbors,  using  com¬ 
mercial  lime-sulphur  and  arsenate  of 
lead.  Our  common  sprays  are  two  be¬ 
fore  the  blossoms  and  one  or  two  after 
they  drop.  Anyway,  in  1014,  my  apples 
were  extra  spotty  coin  pa  ml  to  my  usual 
standing  in  our  packing  company.  I  also 
had  a  severe  dose  of  aphis.  The  use  of 
Western  N.  Y,  Horticultural  Society 
Herbert  King  made  a  demonstration 
of  pruning  of  young  trees  in  forming  the 
head.  He  root-pruned  a  peach  tree  by 
making  a  clean  cut  of  large  fibrous  roots, 
shortening  about  one-third.  Next  he 
pruned  the  top  of  the*  one  year  old  tree  to 
a  whip.  With  a  two  year  old  tree  he 
pruned  the  roots  the  same  but  shortened 
the  top  18  inches  <>r  so,  and  cut  out  the 
large  leader  in  center,  leaving  live  or 
six  side  branches,  lie  would  prune  one- 
year-old  apple  trees  the  same  as  a  peach. 
With  two-year-old  trees  lie  pruned  to 
four  side  branches,  and  shortened  them 
out-half,  but  distributed  side  branches  as 
far  apart  as  practicable.  The  head  can¬ 
not  he  lowered  with  the  large  tree.  With 
a  larger  grow  ing  tree,  prune  lightly  each 
year,  leaviug  a  leader — just  sufficient  to 
keep  the  tree  in  good  form. 
I’rof.  Reddick  explained  that  the 
Smith-Lever  Federal  fund  is  available 
this  year  and  that  New  York's  portion  is 
about  $40,000,  This  annual  donation 
will  increase  so  that  eventually  it  will  he 
$1200.000,  The  speaker  thought  that  this 
money  could  he  used  to  no  greater  ad¬ 
vantage  than  in  operating  agricultural 
service  bureaus  such  as  he  had  outlined. 
The  automobiles  for  the  work  would 
have  to  be  furnished  by  the  farmers,  but 
if  the  farmers  really  wished  the  State  to 
operate  such  a  service,  this  should  he 
an  easy  thing  to  d<>. 
Freeman  Puttier,  of  Ontario.  X.  Y.. 
advised  that  two  or  three  weeks  before 
TRANSrOItTATION  KX CKNSKS  TO  I.OXDOX.  Season  1015  t<>  101(1. 
Annapolis  l-'ores t.  Out.  Coburg 
Valley  ,V  Inn-know  Out. 
Maine  Apples 
Western  N.  V. 
via 
Halifax 
Montreal 
Montreal 
l’ortlunil 
New 
Y  ork 
Some 
Other 
Some 
Other 
ISoats 
I  »<  III  t  S 
Hunts 
Huji  t  s 
Inland  Rail  . 
.  .  $  .17 
$  .44 
$  .31 
$  .17 
$  .17 
$  .28 
$  .28 
Omni  Freight  . 
1.125 
1.75 
1.75 
1.75 
2.00 
1.75 
2.00 
Dock  Dues  &  P.  F. 
I.  .Oil 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.00 
.Oil 
Cartage  . 
.10 
*  .10 
.10 
.10 
.10 
.10 
.10 
Insurance . 
.05 
.05 
.05 
.05 
.05 
.05 
.05 
Commission  5%  . . . . 
.18 
.21 
.21 
.21 
.21 
.21 
.21 
Handling  . 
.06 
.06 
.06 
.06 
.06 
.06 
.06 
$1.00 
$12.70 
$2.57 
$2.4.’! 
$2.08 
$2.54 
$2.70 
C'OMI’Al!  ATI V K  KXUKNXKS  fliOM  THE  ANNAPOLIS  \  AI.I.KY. 
1  'roin  mUMblO, 
tn  London 
Inland  Rail  . 
( >eenu  Freight  . 
Primage  . 
Dock  Freight  &  P.  I. 
( 'artage  . 
Insurance  . 
( Commission  . 
1  landling  (Charges  .  . 
Nova  Scotia  apples  reckoned 
shillings. 
1012-13 
.  11113-14 
1014.1.1 
mo.it; 
$  .16 
$  .16 
$  .10 
$  .17 
.60 
.66 
.78 
1.25 
.aq 
.03 
.04 
.08 
.08 
.  .08 
m 
.08 
.06 
.06 
.10 
.02 
.02 
.04 
.05 
.18 
.18 
.18 
.18 
.10 
.06 
.06 
.00 
$1.25 
$1.25 
$1.40 
$1.00 
1.1  shillings,  Ontario  and  American  at  18 
Pdaek  Leaf  40  apparently  was  about  as 
hard  on  the  foliage  as  the  aphis.  Alto¬ 
gether  I  was  not  pleased  with  my  results. 
In  1015  I  determined  t<»  go  hack  to 
1  Jordon ux  and  arsenate  of  lead.  For  the 
two  early  sprays  I  used  three  pounds 
copper  sulphate  and  six  pounds  lime  to 
50  (Winchester)  gallons  water.  After 
the  blossoms  dropped  1  used  two  pounds 
copper  sulphate  and  six  pounds  lime  to 
50  gallons  water.  This  gave  me  fruit 
which  is  60' r  to  70'-  No.  1  packed  from 
100  barrels  as  picked,  and  is  a  great  deal 
better  than  most  of  my  neighbors’.  From 
experiments  1  believe  the  lime  should  lie 
eight  pounds  to  50  gallons  and  that  then 
the  russetting  will  he  very  slight.  Our 
lime  is  very  pure,  and  this  may  not  al¬ 
ways  work  out  as  in  my  ease,  but  a  thick 
lime  wash  as  thick  as  would  go  through 
the  nozzles  has  had  a  most  beautiful  ef¬ 
fect  on  the  foliage  and  in  control  of 
aphis  where  they  were  plentiful. 
I  do  not  condemn  lime-sulphur,  as  on 
orchards  well  supplied  with  nitrogen  the 
injurious  effect  of  tin-  spray  is  overcomp. 
I  think  the  available  nitrogen  acts  as  a 
flywheel  to  take  the  tree  past  the  leaf 
injury  of  the  spray.  That  is  why  I  be¬ 
lieve  nitrate  of  soda  is  better  in  most 
cases  than  hone  meal,  etc.,  where  nitrogen 
is  required.  The  quantity  of  spray  ap¬ 
plied  has  a  great  deal  to  do  with  the 
cleanness  of  the  fruit.  In  future  I  shall 
wet  the  trees  more  than  in  the  past. 
( >nc  of  the  best  growers  round  here 
used  soluble  sulphur  in  a  small  way,  and 
was  sn  well  pleased,  he  intends  to  use  it 
extensively  next  year.  in  other  cases 
the  soluble  burnt  the  foliage,  due  per¬ 
haps  to  the  moist  season. 
To  illustrate  our  position  as  regards 
freight  rates  I  attach  the  above  table 
given  by  the  president  of  the  Nova 
Scotia  Fruit  Growers,  and  printed  in 
the  “Cooperative  News"  of  Halifax,  N. 
S.  JOHN  BUCHANAN. 
i  lie  crop  of  peaches  ripened,  the  grower 
should  use  his  automobile  to  run  out 
along  some  R.  R.  line — say,  to  Utica— 
and  book  orders  with  retailers  in  every 
village  on  the  railway  for  the  delivery  of 
a  certain  number  of  baskets  of  fruit  at  a 
stated  price  by  freight  one,  two  or  throe 
days  of  each  week  during  the  season. 
Mr.  Fin  tier  would  then  make  arrange¬ 
ments  through  the  general  freight  agent 
of  the  railroad  from  the  point  of  ship 
inent  to  Utica  for  quick  car  shipment  to 
1  tica  and  tor  quick  transfer  of  the  fruit 
in  less  than  carload  lots  over  the  branch 
line.  He  said  that  this  method  of  dis¬ 
tribution  would  eliminate  duplicate 
charges  ami  cartage  and  commissions, 
and  give  the  consumer  bettor  fruit  and 
the  grower  better  prices. 
]>r.  Felt.  State  Entomologist,  on  “Side 
Wovm  Injury  to  Apples  by  the  Codling 
Mutli,  ’  said  the  amount  of  side  injurv  in 
any  one  year  would  depend  on  the  thor¬ 
ough  spraying  done  regularly  in  previous 
years,  so  keeping  the  moth  under  con¬ 
stant  control.  It  is  no  easy  matter  to 
chain  lip  badly  infested  orchards  in  one 
season.  The  first  spraying  after  blos¬ 
soms  fall  is  ! he  most  effective  for  Codling 
moth,  hut  the  second  and  third  spraying 
where  there  is  danger  from  scab. 
<  )n  light,  sandy  soil,  the  apple  orchard 
should  bo  fertilized  with  stable  manure, 
and  cover  crops  to  put  in  humus,  said 
I’rof.  I  Iedriek. 
I’rof.  1  Iedriek  said  the  Delicious  and 
Crimes  Golden  cannot  he  profitably 
planted  in  a  commercial  orchard,  w.  it.  q. 
The  Fruit  Grower’s  Resting  Spells 
The  man  who  writes  of  the  quiet  easy 
life  mi  the  farm  in  the  Winter  ought  to 
live  here  a  while.  We  can  usually  count 
mi  a  few  days’  rest  between  apple  thin¬ 
ning  and  apple  picking,  and  wo  often 
take  a  few  days  off  after  the  appb-s  are 
picked,  but  outside  nf  that  there  is  some 
important  job  to  be  done  every  day,  and 
uur  problem  is  not  so  much  what  to  do  to 
keep  busy  as  what  can  he  put  off  until 
some  other  time.  A.  e  W 
Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Many  back-to-the-landers  seem  to  have 
the  idea  that  they  can  get  an  apple  or¬ 
chard  going,  sell  the  fruit  in  October  and 
then  play  for  five  months  on  the  proceeds. 
King’s  Guaranteed  Fruit  Trees 
1ZING  BROTHERS  NURSERIES,  of  Dansville, 
^  N.Y.,  was  the  first  nursery  firm  in  America  to  give 
the  planter  a  real  guarantee  of  genuineness  of  variety. 
I  he  best  proof  of  our  supremacy  in  this 
matter  of  guaranteed  trees  is  that  five 
more  mail  order  nurseries  have  followed 
our  leadership  and  have  printed  our 
guarantee  in  their  catalogues,  in  practi¬ 
cally  the  same  words  used  by  us  since 
we  introduced  it,  as  follows: 
Our  Guarantee 
QUr  tQ 
reach  you  in  a  live,  thrifty  condition,  and  to  be 
free  from  all  plant  diseases. 
Second :  Should  any  tree  not  prove  true  to 
name  as  represented  by  us,  we  will  make  good 
the  buyer  s  loss  1  - :  reason  thereof  at  any  time 
wilhin  ten  years  from  the  date  of  purchase.  In 
event  we  cannot  agree,  we  shall  each  appoint  one 
arbiter,  who  shall  choose  the  third,  and  the  award 
of  the  majority  shall  be  binding  upon  both  parties, 
flj  As  we  lead  the  way  for  other  nurserymen  in 
giving  a  broad  guarantee,  so  do  we  lead  in  the 
superior  excellence  of  ourtreesand  of  our  seivice. 
Martin  King,  Sr.,  Founder  of  the  Business 
First— Soil 
,|  ltm\i  First— Soil 
jl  ;  JlW  f«''  1  1,01  gU8!  the  Upper  Genesee 
_  fikl  V'\\j  A  IrMjl  Valley  on  land  that  our  father,  Martin  King.  Sr., 
bought  in  the  early  90' s,  when  it  was  practically 
J  W  I  a  virgin  forest.  This  land  is  deep,  mellow,  heavy, 
a  '  *  *  IKJfli  and  rich  — produces  trees  with  deep  roots,  firm, 
V  KvI  ‘  close  texture,  and  hardiness.  The  best  means 
T  Wfti  ran  ’  that  modern  nursery  practice  commends  have 
’(  fin  (SI  ifSB  'Swaft  been  used  by  us  in  developing  these  lands  to  the 
\  w  W  EgK  YaISS  ?y  highest  state  of  fertility.  Our  trees  show  the 
\  S  \  jfl  W  '.W'  -y  ,+  result  of  these  long  years  of  experience  and  fore- 
is  i  I  \  jW  .  sight,  Leading  orchardists  and  horticulturists 
.  H  ‘if  | !.  W  “lit  ml  everywhere  declaie  that  our  soils  are  the  best  in 
l  '*  '-W  Hil  If  ^'e  WOr^  *°r  8ro'v'n8  nursery  stock. 
_  fi  jyjyLjii  Second— Climate  S 
w ter  winds  from  Lake  Ontario,  sweeping  clear  and 
l-  ™  -  "*  clean  over  fifty  miles  until  they  strike  the  undulat- 
Marit*  King,  Jr..  Preteoi  Me»tf  af  the  Calmest  mg  slopes  of  our  hill  farms  at  an  elevation  of 
1400  feel  above  sea  level,  impart  vitality  and  vigor  to  our  trees,  which  give  them  a  distinctive 
fi 
vfe  Jki 
« 
if  !j.! 
S'  111 
I 
m  * 
m  1  If, 
M 
5 
lit. t  M&L. 
Martin  King,  Jr.,  Present  Mead  of  the  business 
merit  in  every  orchard  East  of  the  Mississippi  where  they  are  grown  today. 
TL!«J  -  til - B - L!  -  Two  generations  of  thought,  study, 
y o  —  inf orxmansn  d  and tests’ s° to maiie °ur uees a fin- 
B  II 1 1  U  WWVI  1%  III  II II  v  Mil  I#  ished  produt1  X)1  the  accu;nulated 
experience  of  the  Genesee  Valley  nurserymen  has  been  studied,  co-ordinated  and  sifted  down, 
by  King  Brothers.  Every  member  of  the  firm  lias  been  specially  trained  at  home  and  in  the 
best  schools  in  our  country  for  their  life  work  of  growing,  handling,  and  selling  trees. 
Climate-Soil -Workmanship- ?R'ENEg 
Record  for  38  Years 
Abroad  and  at  home,  throughout  the  country,  oui  thirty-eight  year  record  for  integrity  and  fair  deal¬ 
ing  still  stands  any  test.  A  trial  order  from  you  this  spring  will  show  you  how  promptly,  courteously, 
and  efficiently  we  serve  our  thousands  of  customers.  Our  files  contain  hundreds  of  letters  like  this: 
TESTIMONIALS 
In  tlie  Spill uc  «»f  1011  I  pui^hased  WJ 
Northern  Spy  trees  nrni  I  am  srlad  to 
report  that  ev«*ry  one  of  th*m  lived. 
CHA5.  L.  TODD. 
Ilurtwiek  Seminary,  N.Y. 
The  1400  American  Arbor  Vitae  were 
fine  trees,  ami  reached  us  in  line  uon.li* 
tion.—  November  12,  1016. 
R.  F.  PKW,  President. 
Niles  Union  Cemetery  Asst*., 
Niles,  O. 
The  2000  Perfection  Currant'*  enrne  in 
prime  condition  first -class  alack,  with 
the  best  root  system  thul  it  would  be 
TESTIMONIALS 
possible  to  grow  on  iwo-your  Currants— 
November  15.  1915. 
V/ILLARD  K.  WARNER. 
Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 
In  reply  to  your*  ot’  recent  date,  will 
nay  that  the  traeS  I  purchased  from  you 
last  ipliiiK  were  pei  f**«*tly  <jti.* factory  in 
every  way,  and  all  made  rt  line  summer's 
UTOWth.  I  w  *11  seUll  unollmr  order  in  a 
tew  days,  urn!  have  no  doubt  but  that 
friends  in  thi*  OciirltburhiKni  will  join  and 
seod  :»t  the  *»nio  time  -January  1)1,1916 
SAMUKI.  1*.  RRIOMTM AN. 
Cate  Keeper,  Massachusetts  State 
Grange,  Wcsrport.  Massachusetts. 
TRADEMARK 
Careful  Attention  Given  to 
Even  The  Smallest  Orders 
Bargains  in 
Collections 
COLLECTION  No.  2 
King’s  Parcel  Post  Collection  of  Fruit 
Trees,  $1.20 
All  Fine,  Select,  Thrifty  Trees;  Size  2-year.  3  to  4  feet, 
except  Peaches,  1-year,  2Vt  to  3  feet 
1  \\ ’inter  Banana  Apple 
1  McIntosh  Red  Apple 
1  B.ir|tclt  Pear  _ 
1  I.ate  Hardy  Peat 
1  Montmorency  Sour  Cherry 
1  Early  Richmond  Sour  Cherry 
1  Bing  Sweet  Cherry  1  I.ombard  I’lum 
1  Hlzgeiald  Peach  1  Early  Crawford  Peach 
10  Trees-Special  Price  by  Express,  90c., 
Delivered  by  Parcel  Posl,  $1.20 
discount  from  this  collection  price  will  be 
allowed  lor  cash  orders  sent  to  u«  before  March  20th 
Do  not  buy  trees  anywhere  until  you  send  us  your 
planting  list  FOR  QUOTATIONS  AT 
Rock  Bottom 
Vl|  ■  for  ten  trees  and  plants 
m/B  JY I  ^  ft  ft  or  a  carload  and  have 
fj  1  G  Im  BB  read  our  new  '916  cata¬ 
log.  It  is  beautifully 
illustrated  in  colors,  and  gives  a  true,  scientific  de¬ 
scription  of  our  135  varieties  of  fruit  Bees;  95 
varieties  of  small  fruits,  together  with  a  splendid 
assoitment  of  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs,  ever¬ 
greens,  climbing  vines,  hedge  plants,  peonies,  and 
roses.  This  beautiful  catalog  is  free;  write  us 
for  your  copy  today. 
King  Bros . 
Nurseries 
Box.  7  Dansville,  N.  Y. 
I  “It  Is  Cheapest  To  Buy  The  Best” 
Commercial  Fruit  Culture 
