346 
Gfce  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
February  2G,  191G. 
Makes  the  Regular  Ration 
More  Valuable 
Xtra-vlm  is  not  a  protein  and  fat  combination— IT  IS  DIS¬ 
TINCTLY  NOT  THAT.  Xtra-vim  feed  is  a  combination  of  molasses 
in  dry  form  that,  when  properly  fed  with  the  ordinary  protein  and 
fat  ration,  will  give  better  results.  When  cows  are  on  test  Xtra- 
vira  Feed  is  included  in  the  regular  ration  for  this  reason. 
GOOD  FOR  COWS,  HORSES,  SHEEP,  PIGS,  POULTRY 
FOR  v' 
f  HORSES.  CATTLE.  4 
SHEEP  AND  HOGS  | 
isSvr  ‘  . 
( HEW  PROCESS )  •  ifS 
f  s  ,  v'~.. 
Xtravim  molasses 
FEED  CO.  1 
*73  MILK  , ST.  BOSTON  A 
The  reason  is  very  simple-^  digestion  is 
improved,  danger  of  overfeeding  is  avoid¬ 
ed,  gases  and  colic  are  prevented,  and 
any  animal  is  kept  in  the  best  of  health. 
Hundreds  of  dairymen  and  breeders  of 
high-grade  stock  testify  to  this  truth. 
We  have  a  Feed  Book  that  will  help  you  on  your 
feeding  problem.  A  postal  card  from  you  brings  it 
by  return  mail. 
XTRAVIM  MOLASSES  FEED  CO. 
173-C  Milk  St.,  Boston 
95,  SENT  ON  TRIAL 
SEPARATOR 
'Thousands  In  Use  g 
tifiea  investigating  our  wonderful  otter:  „ 
brand  new.  well  made,  easy  running,  easily 
cleaned,  perfect  skimming  separator  only  1 
$15.95.  Skims  one  quart  of  milk  a  min-  £ 
ute,  warm  or  cold.  Makes  thick  or  t.hin  cream.  Different  from  picture, -which  illus¬ 
trates  our  low  priced  large  capacity  inm-lunea.  Buwi  ia  a  oanitory  marvel  and  em¬ 
bodies  till  our  latest  improvements. 
Our  Twenty- Year  Guarantee  Protects  Yon  S?/h^c*?^»uorizor9r»nd 
••rrtuH  tenne  ot  trial  will  utonlakycra.  Whether  your  dairy  IslaiReor  am  all,  or  If  yon  have  »n  old  sep- 
•irxinr  of  any  make  you  wish  to  exchnnge,  do  not  fail  to  i:et  our  great  offer.  Our  richly  illustrated 
calling,  nent  free  on  request,  is  the  most  eoniplsto,  claliorate  end  r-rpenulTo  honk  no  Cream  Separa¬ 
tors  issued  l,y  any  concern  in  the  world.  Western  orders  filled  from  western  points.  Write 
to-day  for  our  catalog  aud  see  what  a  tug  money  Baring  proposition  wo  will  make  yon.  Address: 
American  Separator  Co.,  Box  1075,  Basnbridge,  N.  Y. 
/“—'Lr 
Ft* 
*xi  t . 
9 
I 
With 
land  worth 
$100  to  $200  per 
acre,  you  need  to  get 
the  full  benefit  of  present 
high  prices  for  grain  to  make 
your  labor  and  land  pay  proper 
dividends.  It  is  an  actual  loss  of  real 
money  to  feed  your  high  priced  corn  and 
oats  in  the  old,  loose,  wasteful  manner,  and 
get  inferior  results.  Successful  business  farm¬ 
ers,  dairymen  and  stoclcraisers  sell  their  grain, 
pocket  the  monry,  and  save  about  25%  of  their  feed 
cost,  by  feeding  Sucrene. 
Sncrene  Dairy 
Feed 
Increases  the  tnilk 
flow  25%  in  60  days. 
Composed  cf  mola- 
ses, cottonseed  imuil, 
corn  (flut.-n,  ({ round 
and  bolted  wlwa* 
screening*,  clipped 
oat  by  -  product, 
linseed  rn*»l  and  a 
small  pBrceotARA  of 
salt.  _  A  complete, 
scientifically  -  b  n  1  - 
anced,  milk-making 
ration. 
^Sncrene  -  Alfalfa 
Horse  Feed 
contains  exactly  the 
right  proportions  of 
digestible  protein, 
fat  and  carbo-hy¬ 
drates  necessary  to 
keep  tbe  animal’s 
muscles  and  bones, 
vitals  and  spirit 
up  to  the  highest 
point  of  efficiency. 
Costs  less  than  oats 
or  com. 
3 
'  Sncrene  Poultry  * 
Feed* 
solve  the  problem 
of  poultry  profits. 
The  fii-n  is  supplied 
with  all  the  ele¬ 
ments  she  needs  to 
make  her  an  ail-the- 
ycor  •  round  layer. 
Young  chicks  grow 
moTo  rapidly  to  the 
laying  or  market 
age.  Only  Clean, 
|  sound  grains  are 
u«cd.  No  waste  in 
feeding. 
A  4. 
34 
Sucrene  Call 
Meal 
—a  superior  substi¬ 
tute  for  whole  milk; 
contains  every  io- 
?  redient  neociaary  I 
or  tho  perfect  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  | 
rapidly  growing 
young  animal.  Pre¬ 
vents  scours.  Costs 
less  than  halt  the 
price  of  whole  milk, 
Easy  to  prepare  and 
and  to  feed;  tbe  calf 
enjoys  it. 
What  a  User  S*jr»: 
Mr.  W». 
proprietor  ot  W*n'« 
Farm.  Carlisle,  Ps  , 
write.  d’UconatrtiT  Ku. 
cretin  Umirr  Fcr-J  lito 
best  1  ever  fed  to  dairy 
cows.  My  row.  tciyn 
more  toil::  and  kepi  In 
better  ronrtllinn  la.*: 
winter  fan  with  any 
other  feed  I  aver  f.d 
♦^SUCRENE— The  Molasses  and  Grain  Products  Dairy  Feed 
♦  has  been  fed  for  many  years  by  expert  feeders  at  the  leading  state  insti- 
♦  Unions,  nt  tho  U.  S.  Tanama  Canal  work,  and  on  big  farms  and  dairies 
T  throughout  tho  country,  and  is  approved  and  recommended  by  them. 
Plow  >  It  is  a  palatable,  highly  nutritious,  easily  digestible!  dairy  feed 
Bond  roe  that  Bbould  bo  fed  all  the  year  round—  will not  sour  or grow  musty 
free  Of  cost  «>  jn  hot  weather.  It  1*  distinctively  a  unlk  producing  feed  ot 
•nd  without  ^  proven,  unfailing  potency.  .... 
obligations.  r  Until  recently  the  feeding  methods  of  American  farmers 
booklets  on  v.  ^avc  he<*o  notoriously  exlr.ivagnnt.  ’Inina  methou  mado  hvo  stock 
heeds  cneexea unprofilnbl«,  except  on  <hu  lOg  ranges.  Tlio  change  to  cheaper 
below!  ^  feeding  methods  made  poa  uhlo  by  tho  ur.o  of  Sucrene  Mixed 
...  .Sucrene  Dairy  +  Feeds,  «»  >iow  the  generally  recognized  standard  method  of 
Feed  ♦.  feeding  for  profit. 
p.  Meal  To.  Fill  out  and  mail  ua  the  coupon  for  full  Information 
....Sucrene  Calf  Meal  *  on  Sucrene  Ff-.is.  Check  the  feed  in  which  you 
. . .  .Sucrene  Poultry  Feedfl^L  bto  interest  e*!  Let  us  W’IkI  you  our  fr.»  book  on 
....Sucrene  Hog  Moal  %  "»*>«  *  K»Uo  tho  C;,lf  an<*  ^roHlaUly." 
....  Amco  Fat  Maker  American  JHiiling  Company 
....  Sucrene  A  If  alia  Horse  Feed  ♦  Sucrene  Station  5, 
<>  *- 
..Horses  ♦♦T_ 
♦  - 
My  Dealer  is .  . . 
V 
p  . . State . . . 
My  t.ame. 
F.  O . 
I  have . 
.State. 
.Cows . Hogs. 
When  you  write  advertisers  mention  The  II.  N.-V.  and  you’ll  get  a 
quick  reply  and  a  “ square  deal.”  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 
White  Diarrhoea;  Bad  Brooding;  Bacterial 
Infection 
Infected  Stock. — The  preventable 
causes  of  00%  of  chicken  mortality  come 
under  tbe  above  three  heads  and  while 
“white  diarrhoea”  is  supposed  to  cause 
most  of  the  deaths,  it  is  really  responsible 
in  most  eases  for  u  much  smaller  per¬ 
centage.  White  diarrhoea  appears,  if 
at  all.  before  the  fifth  day.  Mortality 
from  bad  brooding  will  ocelli’  from  tbe 
third  day  up  to  two  or  three  weeks, 
while  bacterial  infection  may  occur  at 
any  time  up  to  six  or  eight  weeks.  Where 
chicks  or  hatching  eggs  are  bought,  a 
guarantee  should  be  obtained  that  the 
flocks  are  practically  free  from  white 
diarrhtea.  In  Connecticut,  where  the 
State  College  examines  liens  for  white 
diarrhoea  germs  by  the  blood,  test  for 
any  poultrymen,  in  some  cases  the  per¬ 
centage  of  chicks  raised  increased  over 
75%  where  infected  birds  bad  been  re¬ 
moved.  Where  chicks  from  your  own 
flock  have  white  diarrhoea,  after  the 
liens  have  been  carefully  culled  and 
only  the  healthiest  kept  fur  breeders, 
it  will  be  necessary  to  start  with  new 
non-infected  blood.  The  symptoms  of 
white  diarrhoea  are  well  known.  The 
chick  does  uot  grow,  but  its  feathers  do — 
it  looks  bedraggled,  weak,  and  as  if  part 
of  its  rear  had  been  eut  pH-  The  vent 
is  covered  with  a  white  pasty  secretion 
that  closes  it  and  when  removed  allows  a 
whitish  fluid  to  escape. 
Transmission-  of  Disease.- — White 
diarrhoea  germs  are  in  most  cases  in  the 
yolk  of  the  egg  when  laid,  and  developed 
in  the  body  of  the  embryo.  A  large  per¬ 
centage  of  these  infected  /’hicks  die  in 
the  shell  or  hatch  imperfectly,  and  the 
danger  of  infection  is  increased  unless  all 
these  defective  chicks  are  killed  before  the 
healthy  ones  can  become  Infected.  Rule 
one  should  be  to  place  none  but  healthy 
livable  chicks  in  the  brooder,  and  each 
morning  kill  at  once  any  that  are  not 
lively  and  healthy,  as  the  pasty  white 
excretion  is  at  mice  picked  at  by  all 
chicks  and  the  healthy  ones  become  in¬ 
fected.  After  five  days,  if  this  is  done 
conscientiously,  there  is  little  further 
danger  of  infection.  Sour  milk  should 
be  placed  and  kept  before  them  from  the 
start.  Whether  its  virtue  depends  upon 
the  lactic  acid  or  only  upon  its  digesti¬ 
bility  matters  little  to  the  poultry  man. 
Where  it  is  used  the  percentage  of  in- 
feetiou  is  greatly  diminished.  Now  sour 
milk  menus  clean  milk  that  has  turned 
sour,  put  in  clean  scalded  pans  and  re¬ 
newed  three  or  four  times  a  day.  each 
time  the  pan  being  cleaned  thoroughly, 
for  while  sour  milk  is  healthy  for  chicks, 
probably  nothing  is  worse  for  them  than 
filthy  milk  that  has  gone  beyond  the 
lactic  acid  fermentation  and  is  mixed 
with  dirt  and  droppings.  The  good  or 
bad  results  you  may  get  from  the  use 
of  sour  milk  will  depend  upon  the  care 
you  use  in  feeding  it. 
Bap  Hatching  ami  Bap  Drooping. — - 
Where  perfectly  healthy  chicks,  after 
being  placed  in  the  brooders,  have  be¬ 
come  chilled  or  overcrowded,  after  a  day 
or  two  they  begin  to  present  tbe  same 
symptoms  as  with  white  diarrhoea — 
their  feathers  become  rough,  they  lose 
their  appetites,  become  weak  and  usually 
two  or  more  of  them  are  found  huddling 
together.  The.  vent  may  he  covered  by 
a  whitish  but  usually  dark  excrement 
which  sometimes  becomes  unite  large.  If 
the  chilling  resulted  from  a  lamp  going 
out.  or  temporary  loss  of  heat,  if  the  sick 
are  separated  from  the  healthy  ones  at 
once  and  kept  by ,  themselves,  they  will 
die  peacefully  without  doing  any  further 
harm,  but  if  allowed  to  mingle  with  the 
others  in  a  very  few  days  they  will  de¬ 
moralize  the  healthy  chicks  into  hud¬ 
dling.  and  it  is  a  fixed  law  that  when¬ 
ever  two  chicks  learn  that  they  can  keep 
warm,  by  lying  close,  the  whole  flock  is 
practically  doomed. 
Over-Heating. — In  some  cases  where 
too  high  temperatures  have  been  allowed 
during  the  first  10  days  in  incubation, 
the  yolk  is  not  properly  absorbed  and  the 
affected  chicks  show  all  the  symptoms  of 
bad  brooding,  but  usually  have  in  addi¬ 
tion  deposits  of  black  fiecal  matter,  ad¬ 
hering  to  the  vent.  Ill  these  cases  the 
autopsy  shows  uunbsorbed  yolk  in  the 
abdominal  cavity,  The  whole  secret  of 
successful  brooding  is  to  have  heat 
enough  so  placed  that  there  are  no  corn¬ 
ers  or  places  to  huddle  or  crowd  and  so 
hot  that  after  the  “going  to  bed”  crowding 
is  over,  the  flock  will  at  once  spread  out, 
feeling  the  uncomfortable  warmth,  and 
will  sleep  so.  As  it  becomes  cooler  in 
the  night,  they  will,  under  proper  con¬ 
ditions  of  brooding,  draw'  nearer  the 
source  of  heat.  If  that  is  missing 
•through  carelessness  or  accident,  the  whole 
flock  will  pile  up  for  heat,  and  if  this 
happens  once  they  never  forget  the 
source  of  warmth,  and  the  debility  fol¬ 
lowing  this  crowding  is  rarely  ever  cared. 
These  cases  w  liich  are  preventable  and 
in  no  way  related  to  the  congenital  in¬ 
fection  arc  usually  called  white  diar- 
rlnen,  and  form  the  largest  percentage 
of  deaths  during  the  first  three  or  four 
Weeks. 
Bacterial  Infection.  —  When  a 
healthy  chick  5s  two  weeks  old,  with 
proper  brooding  facilities,  he  is  practical¬ 
ly  out  of  danger  barring  accident,  unless 
he  runs  into  the  most  fatal  of  the  three 
causes  of  mortality,  bacterial  infection. 
The  causes  of  tbe  latter  are  from  wet 
tilth  about  the  water  pans,  or  from  the 
chicks  running  on  infected  ground.  If 
the  water  pans  are  kept  scrupulously 
clean  and  the  floor  under  and  about  them 
is  kept  scraped  clean  and  disinfected, 
this  source  of  infection  is  removed. 
Where  the  chicks  use  brooder  runs,  they7 
should  be  spaded  or  plowed  up  every 
year  and  seeded  down.  After  a  brood 
has  used  one  of  these  runs,  before  a  later 
brood  is  allowed  in  them,  they  should  be 
raked  up  and  sprinkled  or  sprayed  with 
a  solution  of  sulphate  of  iron.  Where 
the  ground  is  bare,  it  should  bo  raked 
deep  or  hoed  over  and  sowed  to  oats,  or 
rape.  The  greatest  time  of  danger  is  a 
spell  of  wet  weather  followed  by  very 
hot  weather.  The  uncovered  dropping  in 
the  runs  swarm  with  bacteria  under  the 
hot  sun,  and  the  new  brood  becomes  in-, 
footed.  The  first  evidence  in  a  healthy 
flock  of  infection  is  where  the  chicks  are 
noticed  eagerly  eating  something;  on  in¬ 
vestigation  this  is  found  to  be  bloody 
fotoal  matter  voided  by  an  apparently 
healthy  chick ;  within  24  hours  several 
<  liicks  begin  to  droop,  and  unless  quick 
treatment  is  applied  the  whole  flock  will 
die  in  a  few  days,  or  be  so  debilitated 
that  they  are  hardly  worth  saving.  In 
the  last  epidemic  I  treated,  I  saw  1,500 
die  out  of  (5.000  within  six  days  in  spite 
of  the  treatment,  and  1,000  more  were 
weeks  getting  back  to  a  normal  state. 
On  postmortem  examination  the  liver  is 
usually  very  dark,  the  gall  bladder  swol¬ 
len  and  the  intestines  almost  empty,  but 
the  two  caeca  (or  blind  pouches  of  the 
intestines)  are  very  much  swollen  and 
filled  with  u  white  or  yellowish  cheesy 
matter.  In  the  cieca  the  food  is  absorbed, 
and  as  these  are  filled  with  the  bacteria 
and  bloody  exudation,  the  chick  starves 
to  death. 
Treatment.  —  The  only  treatment 
that  I  have  found  effective  is  to  add  a 
teaspoonful  of  dissolved  carbolic  a  did 
crystals  in  a  10-quart  pail  of  water  and 
give  lliem  no  other  drink  for  a  few  days. 
To  this  carbolized  water,  add  a  hand¬ 
ful  cf  gluuber  salts  to  each  10  quarts  of 
water,  dissolve  this  quantity  of  glauber 
salts  iu  a  cup  of  hot  water  and  pour 
this  into  the  carbolized  water — fill  tho 
water  pan  with  this  salt  solution  each 
morning  and  about  10  or  11  o’clock 
empty  out  all  the  water  that  is  left 
and  give  the  carbolized.  After  three  or 
four  days,  the  salts  may  be  given  every 
third  day  and  on  other  days  half  a  cupful 
of  a  saturated  solution  of  sulphate  of 
iron  may  he  added  to  the  water  as  a 
tonic  and  disinfectant  (a  saturated  so¬ 
lution  of  sulphate  of  iron  may  be  made 
by  putting  a  pound  in  a  mason  jar  and 
covering  with  water,  shake  up  and  keep 
adding  water  as  it  is  used).  Separate 
all  the  healthy  chicks  at  once  and  keep 
the  healthier  of  the  infected  chicks  by 
themselves.  I  never  want  to  see  another 
epidemic,  and  in  addition  to  cleanliness 
and  care  of  runs,  I  give  my  t  hicks  glauber 
salts  once  a  week  and  always  add  a  lit¬ 
tle  iron  solution  to  tho  drinking  water. 
In  all  these  cases  an  ounce  of  prevention 
is  worth  several  pounds  of  cure. 
BUCHANAN  BURR,  At.  D. 
Robert,  the  four-year-old  son  of  a 
scientific  man,  hud  lived  in  the  country 
most  of  his  short  life.  One  day  a  caller, 
wishing  to  make  friends  with  the  little 
follow,  took  him  on  his  knee  and  asked, 
“Are  there  any  fairies  in  your  woods 
here,  Robert?"  “No,”  responded  Robert, 
promptly,  “but  there  are  plenty  of  edible 
fungi." — Youth’s  Companion. 
