55 he  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
367 
-  i.i 
Gas  Tar— Wound  Dressing  for  FruitTrees 
ALDWI  NS 
Big  Berry  Book 
earlier  in  the  season.  For  this  reason 
it  was  thought  advisable  to  protect  the 
edges  of  the  growing  layer  before  paint¬ 
ing.  by  the  use  of  liquid  grafting  wax, 
mack*  according  to  the.  formula  of  F ..  II. 
Bailey:  Best  white  resin  one  pound; 
beef  tallow  one  ounce:  alcohol  (de¬ 
natured)  eight  ounces,  added  after  the 
resin  and  tallow  were  thoroughly  melted 
together,  and  allowed  to  cool  somewhat. 
This  preparation  made  an  excellent  non- 
injuriuus  coating,  and  served  its  purpose 
in  keeping  the  tar  front  coining  in  direct 
contact  with  the  cambium  layer  and  the 
cortex.  .lust  how  milch  benefit  is  ob¬ 
tained  by  this  extra  work,  and  loss  of 
time,  must  be  decided  by  further  obser¬ 
vations. 
Some  tree  repair  men  in  dressing  such 
wounds  leave  the  out  edges  unpainted, 
but  in  working  with  a  disease  as  virulent 
as  pear  blight,  this  seemed  inadvisable, 
since  it  would  leave  the  delicate  growing 
tissues  open  to  infection. 
By  far  the  most  severe  injury  to  the 
cambium  layer  from  the  use  of  coal  tar 
was  observed  on  a  large  elm  tree  upon 
which  several  mechanical  injuries  had 
been  treated.  In  this  case  the  tar  pene¬ 
trated  the  cambium  two  inches  or  more 
in  some  places,  killing  and  browning  the 
tissues.  Similar  conditions  were  noted 
in  August,  but  to  a  much  less  degree,  on 
Sutton  apple  trees  about  22  years  old. 
New  York  apple-tree  cankers  on  these 
trees  were  cut  out  and  the  wounds  treat¬ 
ed  with  coal  tar.  In  these  areas  the  tar 
had  penetrated  from  one-half  to  three- 
fourths  of  an  inch,  injuring,  if  not  kili- 
ing,  the  cambium  and  bark  to  that  dis¬ 
tance. 
It  is  a  common  observation  that  wood 
from  which  the  bark  has  been  removed 
tends  to  crack  and  check,  and  this  will 
not  be  prevented  by  a  single  coat  of  coal 
tar  or  paint.  This  is  especially  true 
where  the  exposed  areas  are  large,  and 
the  healing-over  process  is  a  matter  of 
years.  These  cracks  form  excellent  means 
of  entrance  for  heart-rotting  fungi,  which 
in  a  year  or  two  will  more  than  offset 
the  good  work  that  has  been  done.  It  is 
necessary,  therefore,  if  good  results  are 
to  be  expected,  to  repaint  the  cut  sur¬ 
faces  when  the  cracks  appear,  thereby 
filling  up  the  openings  through  which 
wood-rotting  germs  might  enter,  This 
practice  is  especially  important  on  cuts 
where  a  large  amount  of  surface  has  been 
exposed.  If  this  repainting  is  done  as 
the  need  demands,  unsatisfactory  results 
will*  he  greatly  reduced. 
The  healthiest  and  most  rapid  healing 
of  tree  wounds  was  obtained  on  some 
young  apple  trees  which  had  been  severe¬ 
ly  barked  by  a  cultivator.  These  injur¬ 
ies  were  treated  and  ordinary  grafting 
wax  applied  to  entirely  cover  the  out 
surface.  The  rapid  healing  that  results 
from  such  treatment  is  not  due  to  any 
especial  healing  virtue  of  the  grafting 
wax,  but  to  the  protective  and  moisture- 
holding  properties  of  the  wax,  which  al¬ 
lows  the  healing  processes  to  take  place 
unhindered  by  drying  influences,  or  the 
work  of  disease-producing  organisms. 
This  practice  will  certainly  pay  when 
young  orchard  trees  have  been  barked, 
and  should  he  clone  as  soon  as  possible 
after  the  injury  has  been  made. 
In  Fig.  ll.">  is  a  wound  resulting  from 
the  removal  of  a  canker  on  a  limb,  show¬ 
ing  good  healing  after  5  months.  Note 
the  proper  shaping  of  the  wound.  In 
Fig.  —  the  cut  highest  up  on  the  trunk 
shows  one  years  healing  after  a  proper 
out  was  made,  and  after  being  coated 
with  coal  tar.  The  cut  lower  down  shows 
a  case  in  which  the  cut  was  untreated. 
Heart  rot  set  in,  was  removed,  and  a 
V-shaped  drain  made,  the  coat  being 
treated  with  coal  tar.  These  pictures 
wore  obtained  from  L.  R,  Hosier  of  the 
Department  of  Plant  Pathology  at  Cor¬ 
nell.  Apricot  and  pear  tree  wounds 
treated  successfully  with  paint  and  coal 
tar  are  shown  on  page  270.  c.  B.  savage. 
During  the  past  season,  in  connection 
with  work  on  pear  blight  control,  the 
writer  had  occasion  to  treat  with  coal 
tar  a  large  number  of  pruning  wounds 
on  pear  trees  and  to  a  less  extent  on 
apple  trees.  Some  of  these  wounds  were 
large,  involving  in  a  number  of  eases 
two-thirds  or  more  of  the  trunk  of  a 
bearing  tree,  where  large  Might  cankers 
had  been  cut  out.  The  first  of  this 
work  was  done  with  Clapp  Favorite  and 
Kicffer  pear  trees  in  the  latter  part  of 
April,  and  through  the  month  of  May. 
111  Is  Waiting  for  You  f 
JmJ  to  Send  for  It  dm 
Mff yJj§J  It  is  free,  and  it  is  a  book  /  | 
you  should  have.  It  is  some-  f 
thing  more  than  a  mere  catalog 
Hof  Baldwin  Berry  Plants.  The  fl 
information  it  contains  en-  ff  , 
titles  it  to  be  called  the 
Berry  Grower’s  Manual  f  A 
No  grower  of  berries  can  fail  to  glean  some  fj 
points  of  real  value  from  this  book.  Baldwin  f/j 
experience  and  Baldwin  supremacy  in  the  j 
Berry  Plant  field  assure  that  the  “tins*’  it  J 
contains  are  worth  while.  // 
Baldwin 
are  Famous.  We  grow  them  bv  the  million  in  rich,  new 
ground  that  is  free  from  insects  and  plant  diseases.  This 
is  o/te  of  the  reasons  wily  Baldwin's  Slnvtvbetry,  Raspberry, 
Blackberry,  Currant  and  Crape  plants  are  so  strong  and 
vigorous.  The  catllest  berries  in  the  Spring  and  the  latest 
in  the  Hall  come  from  Baldwin  Plants.  Our  Genuine  Call 
Bearing  Strawberry  Wants  are  just  wliat  the  name  implies. 
Order  Early 
We’ll  Ship  at  Planting  Time. 
Get  the  big  Baldwin  llerry 
Book  wow,  and  get  your  order 
in  early.  Thus  you  will  run 
no  danger  of  our  stock  being 
exhausted  and  there  will  be 
no  delay.  On  account,  of  uui  im¬ 
mense  sale,  of  phinfx,  «(•  can  save 
,vo.i  money  and  "<■  gnnriinieu  en¬ 
tire  satisfaction  with  plants, 
packing  and  service.  Give  us  your 
order  this  year  and  we  will  keep 
you  as, me  ofnnrngnbir.  satisfied 
customers  for  the  years  fo  come. 
Don't  wait,  however.  Order  early. 
Treated  and  Untreated  Wounds.  Fig.  114 
In  these  first  cases  the  tar  was  applied 
over  the  entire  exposed  surface,  no  pro¬ 
tection  being  given  to  I  lie  cut  edges, 
where  the  cambium  was  exposed.  In 
every  ease  where  such  treatment  was 
made,  the  callus  developed  normally,  and 
us  rapidly  as  upon  cuts  where  no  pro¬ 
tective  covering  was  used.  This  healthy 
development  of  callus  continued  through¬ 
out  the  growing  season  with  no  signs  of 
penetration  or  injury  liy  the  gas  tar. 
An  examination  of  the  cambium  layer 
at  the  edge  of  the  wound  two  to  three 
days  after  the  application  of  the  tar 
showed  a  killing-back  of  the  tissue  of 
not  more  than  one-eighth  of  an  inch, 
All  plants  guaranteed  to  be  first-class,  true  to  name,  free 
from  disease,  fnsli  dug  for  your  order,  packed  to 
reach  you  in  good  growing  condition  and 
/gr  - —  to  please  you.  BALDWIN  ISN’T 
I  '  — _  SATISFIED  UNLESS 
III  you  ARE 
P.A.D7BA  LDWINi 
“PROGRESSIVE”,  Best  Fall-bearer;  Also  Std. 
June  sorts,  including  our  New  Seedling,  “COLLINS”, 
Full  Assortment  other  Fruit  Plants.  Catalog  FREE. 
C.E.  WHITTEN’S  NURSERIES,  Box  11.  BRIDGMAN.  MICH. 
Now  b*;in(r  p'anted  by  th  e 
thousand**  i**itnmvrcinlly  ---b  e- 
cause  it  lives  :u»<J  thrives  AND 
FAYS,  thru  UK  b  every  climate 
CVi*  cvrulitiorj  ami  in  nil  noth- 
V.V  Cf  •-*;•  hut  winter  kill,  and 
yaihiK  t*uf  rcjrulurly  in  *>pii.u 
vf  kunimi'j  drouth  -ori«T 
rihl  (Hitch  h  n  :«  pruUma-ti 
I'— -**  cvojri  without  a  tail 
urn.  Ytnj  run  do  :ix  w«!i — 
HRk  ciitOv.  Send  today  for 
tot;  full  pxrtlro-ap,.  Kolfjcr, 
PtKirx  nail  B  i  k  FruiL 
Brok  ‘••lllrnf  nil  about  thlft 
tvond«irf*.il  berry  -  how  to 
j  SIZE  raHP  it  -how  it’s  lurKt*r, 
finer, better  fruit  Nets  you 
No  char.Ro.  just  scud  your  name. 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
Warfields  at  SI. 50  per  1000,  The  best  berry  grown.  100 
OtlKT  varb.Uo  ftfitl  Everbearers;  small  fruit. ptania.  All  plunta 
ijuarmttecd.  ‘Hhtlalotfue  free.” 
ALLEGAN  NURSERY  Box  30  Allegan,  Mich. 
S  Strawberry  Plants 
AU  kind?  Fruit  Trees.  Asparagus  roots,  etc., 
direct  fiom  nursery  to  you  0.  agent's  prices. 
SaUspietion  iniftvaiilped.  Big  Catalog  Kit  KB. 
G.E.BUNIINU  &  SONS,  Box  I.  SEtBYVIlLE,  DEL. 
NONE  <j£7  BETTER  *  F»  ‘ 
for  beat  romilta  you  must  Hav.  KNIGHT’S  fresh 
■tug guars rit.,<l  piiifitit,  They  Ijuvm  a  National  rep¬ 
utation  tor  superior  qusKty  ond  have  buen  the 
STANDARD  FOR  OVER  30  YEARS 
If  you  would  lllco  (ifrnwhet  rten  in  October  wc  have 
^  the  planls  Unit  winrrnw  them,  Hood  shout  throe 
|  sod  oil  other  now  and  miard  varieties  in  our 
A  Knlcht's  nook  on  smslltruit,.  It’a  Free— Writo, 
PAVID  KNIGHT  &  SON,  Box  SI  O,  Sawyer, Mich. 
RY  Dl  AMTQ  500,  OOO  berry 
n  1  ri.HH  I  O  |U, Hits  and  500,- 
ispunigus  roots  at  itie  lowest  prices, 
ice  List  all  kinds  seeds  a  ml  plants. 
GS  At  SON  -  CheMVolil,  Del. 
STRAWBERRIES 
We  have  grown  straw  berry  plants  for  over  1(1  years:  write 
for  our  money  saving  price  list  George  W.  Itrldginau 
Nursery  Co.,  IJept  A,  Kenton  Harbor,  Michigan. 
“  SUPERB  ”  STRAWBERRIES 
This  EVERBEARING  \  ai'iety  Inis  real  merit.  Read  what 
others  say  about  it.  Circular  truth 
VVILLAliD  Ii,  KtLLI'l,  -  Swedeslmro,  N.  J, 
(.row  them  from  our  fine  varieties.  Success  fot 
early,  Joe  for  late.  Superb  for  Fall-bearing.  Wc 
send  100  of  each.  300  in  all  for  $2.00.  34th  annua] 
catalog  now  ready. 
SLAYMAKER  6  SON,  -  -  Wyoming,  Del, 
T  have  a  fine  lot  of  all  tlio 
Leading  Varieties  of  SMALL  FRUIT  PLANTS 
at  Prices  to  Please  everybody,  Tomato  and  Cabbage 
Plants  in  season.  It.  HARRIOTT,  Blue  Anchor,  N.  J. 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
WHOLESALE  PRICES 
also  Asparagus  roots.  Raspberry  and  Dewberry 
plants.  1 1  u  serndisn.  Seed  Corn. Cow  Peas.  Vegetable 
plains.  Higgs  for  batching.  Catalog  Kukk. 
<)•  KLIl'T’OKD  HALL.  It  liodc-dnlc,  Mil.,  Dept.  3 
Well-healed  Canker  Wound.  Fig.  115 
which,  as  Feats,  in  the  book  “Practical 
M  oo  Repair,"  has  pointed  out,  will  norin- 
tilly  occur  whenever  the  cambium  layer 
is  exposed  to  the  drying  influence  of 
the  air.  Those  results  are  similar  to 
those  obtained  by  Professor  L.  II.  Hosier 
of  Cornell  University,  in  his  work  with 
the  New  York  apple-tree  canker.  Dr. 
L.  II.  Bailey,  former  dean  of  the  New 
York  State  College  of  Agriculture,  re¬ 
ports  like  results  in  the  use  of  coal  tar 
in  the  treatment  of  wounds  on  apple 
trees. 
Later  in  the  season,  in  July  and  Au¬ 
gust,  the  cambium  was  apparently  more 
susceptible  to  injury  by  the  tar,  and  the 
penetration  was  much  deeper  than  it  was 
To  the  planter  of  Strawberry  and  Raspberry  plants. 
Other  kinds  at  low  prices.  Catalogue  tree. 
A.  C.  WESTON  &  CO.. BRIDGMAN.  MICH. 
Promote  Good  Health  and  Happi 
They  Succeed  Where  Others  Fail 
ml  biggest  blackberry.  VAN  FLEET  HYBRIDS— 
LL1ANT  Utsi  K aspherries.  CACO  and  IDEAL  the  I 
CURRANT  Pestforcvcrybody,  CARRIE  and  OREGON 
An  inspector  was  visiting  a  country 
school.  lie  was  asking  some  of  the  chil¬ 
dren  questions.  After  a  while  he  said  to 
a  junior  class,  “Now,  I  want  some  of  you 
to  ask  me  a  question  that  I  can't  auswer." 
After  a  few  vain  attempts  a  small  boy 
said:  “Please,  sir,  if  you  were  stuck  in  a 
pool  of  mud  up  to  your  nook,  and  a  brick 
was  thrown  at  your  head,  would  you 
duck?”  Melbourne  Lender. 
J.  T.  LOVETT,  Box  162,  Little  Silver,  N.  J 
