efte  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
417 
Farm  Mechanics 
Cold  Storage  for  Milk  and  Produce 
Can  you  give  me  directions  for  a  cooler 
suitable  for  200  to  000  bottles  of  milk V 
Would  concrete  be  suitable  for  the  inside 
partition?  I  would  like  one  that,  oau  be 
filled  weekly.  How  much  ice  would  I 
want  weekly,  and  about  what  tempera¬ 
ture  could  I  obtain?  G.  s.  B. 
Cooper's  Plains,  X.  Y. 
This  cold  storage  room  is  successfully 
used  in  several  large  dairies  in  this  sec¬ 
tion.  The  plau  is  adapted  to  any  capacity 
and  may  be  fitted  to  a  room  or  building 
already  constructed.  It  is  well  to  have 
it  fully  large  enough,  as  uses  will  he  found 
for  it  in  cooling  various  products  besides 
the  bottled  milk.  It  consists  of  a  lower 
chamber  about  si.x  feet  high,  with  shelves 
Asphalt 
Corkboard 
Asphalt 
Concrete 
Pc  .‘land 
Cement 
finish 
Concrete  Cistern  and  Hard  Water 
Cement  mortar  or  water  lime  mortar 
has  been  used  for  practically  all  the  soft 
water  cisterns  ever  built  in  this  land.  I 
am  sure  that  a  well-built  cistern  of  con¬ 
crete  is  as  good  as  can  he  had  without  any 
treatment  whatever.  The  cement  mortar 
will  naturally  be  of  a  good  quality  if 
used  in  a  cistern  in  order  to  make  a  cis¬ 
tern  that  will  not  leak.  After  Hu's  cistern 
has  been  tilled  a  couple  of  times  there  will 
not  lm  any  perceptible  free  lime  dissolved 
from  the  walls,  and  I  should  not  think  it 
would  need  anything  at  all  to  fix  the  walls 
so  that  the  water  would  be  soft  and  good 
for  drinking. 
I  do  not  know  what  effect  water  glass 
Sheathing 
Paper 
Corkboard 
Portland 
Cement 
finish 
Sectional  Plan  of_Cold  Storage 
for  holding  the  cases  of  milk  bottles 
or  other  produce,  and  an  upper  chamber 
about  three  feet  high  for  the  ice.  The 
floor  between  is  of  joists.  The  part  of 
the  floor  under  the  ice  is  covered  with 
flooring  and  with  galvanized  iron,  with  a 
drainage  pipe  to  the  outside.  This  part 
is  partitioned,  a,  b,  c,  d,  part  way  to  the 
top,  forming  a  passage  or  flue,  e.  g,  f, 
around  the  ice.  The  warm  air  from  be¬ 
low  rises  through  the  joists  at  the  cuds 
into  e  through  g  and  being  cooled  by  pass¬ 
ing  over  the  ice  descends  through  f  and 
the  open  floor  down  into  the  milk  cham¬ 
ber,  as  shown  by  the  arrows. 
The  sectional  plan  shows  the  construc¬ 
tion.  The  frame,  h,  is  hoarded  inside  and 
out.  The  lining,  k,  is  of  No.  3  nonpareil 
corkboard.  Shavings,  etc.,  may  be  used, 
but  such  material  is  not  very  satisfac¬ 
tory;  the  corkboard  does  not  hold  moist¬ 
ure.  The  middle  floor  may  be  of  concrete 
if  preferred,  with  the  necessary  openings 
for  circulation.  The  concrete  foundation 
will  help  keep  out  rats,  but  it  is  a  good 
plan  to  use  stout  wire  screen  around  the 
lower  corners  just  outside  the  cork  lining. 
Some  u'se  lining  of  building  paper  between 
the  hoarding  and  the  corkboard.  Do  not 
use  paper  containing  pitch.  The  sides  and 
top  of  the  whole  interior  are  plastered 
and  the  floor  covered  with  cement  or  as¬ 
phalt  over  concrete. 
The  cost  in  fitting  a  building  already 
constructed  will  he  about  as  follows: 
Walls,  per  square  foot,  cork,  19  cents ; 
labor  4  cents,  plaster  6  cents,  paper  2 
cents;  total  for  walls,  31  cents  per  square 
foot.  Floors,  per  square  foot,  cork,  19 
cents;  asphalt  2  cents,  labor  4  cents,  con¬ 
crete  foundation  10  cents.  Total  for  floors, 
35  cents  per  square  foot.  Ceilings,  cork, 
19  cents,  labor  (!  cents,  plaster  0  cents, 
paper  2  cents.  Total  for  ceilings,  33  cents 
per  square  foot.  The  doors,  one  for  the 
ice  box.  2x3  feet,  and  one  ,3x6  feet  for 
the  cooler,  may  he  bought  ready-made. 
It  may  he  estimated  that  the  general  con¬ 
struction  of  the  ice  box  will  cost  about 
$25,  and  of  the  lower  part,  or  cooler,  fully 
$.30,  or  $55  or  $69  for  the  whole  thing, 
in  addition  to  the  cost,  per  square  foot 
for  linizig,  insulating,  plastering,  etc.,  as 
before  outlined,  and  you  will  do  well  to 
allow  about  $100  more  for  the  cost  of 
finishing,  as  estimated  above,  by  the 
square  foot.  Temperature  in  the  cooler 
will  go  down  to  about  40  degrees  in  the 
Summer.  To  save  ice  it  is  a  good  plau 
to  have  a  double  door,  one  to  the  room 
or  builditig  and  the  other  to  the  cooler, 
with  an  entry  between.  G.  B.  fiske. 
would  have  on  keeping  lime  from  the 
water.  I  would  say  most  emphatically 
do  not  paint  a  cistern  wall  with  white 
lead  and  oil  and  expect  the  water  to  be 
safe  for  drinking  purposes.  I  would  ex¬ 
pect  to  get  poisoned  with  such  a  cistern. 
Kerosene  would  have  no  helping  effect  on 
the  wall.  A  coat  of  pure  asphalt  urn  put 
on  hot  I  believe  would  coat  the  wall  so 
that  no  water  would  touch  the  con¬ 
crete,  and  I  believe  would  not  have 
any  bad  effect  on  the  water  for 
drinking.  For  myself.  I  would  prefer  the 
plain  concrete  without  “dope”  of  any 
kind.  I  believe  paraffin  wax  put  on  hot 
would  be  as  good  as  anything.  If  before 
letting  in  the  water  in  a  new  cistern  one 
would  give  the  walls  a  couple  of  good 
scrubbings  with  plenty  of  clean  water, 
and  clean  it  all  out.  there  would  he  very 
little  lime  to  he  found  in  the  cistern  water 
the  first  filling. 
A.  It.  McNeill,  of  West  Virginia,  built 
a  large  cistern  several  years  ago  to  he 
used  as  storage  for  soft  water  for  drink¬ 
ing  and  other  household  purposes.  He 
says  he  likes  it  very  well,  and  could  not 
be  without  it,  us  the  soft  water  from  it  is 
so  much  better  for  drinking  than  their 
well  water,  lie  found  that  the  first  few 
months  the  water  was  somewhat  hard, 
owing  to  the  fact  that  a  heavy  rain  fill>‘d 
the  cistern  before  he  had  a  chance  to 
scrub  it  but,  but  that  even  then  it  was 
better  thau  hard  and  mineral  well  water. 
Mr.  McNeill  put  a  brick  partition  across 
his  cistern  to  act  as  a  filter.  This  cistern 
is  7*4  feet  deep  and  16  feet  in  diameter 
and  holds  a  fine  supply  of  water.  I  am 
sure  that  after  the  cistern  has  been 
cleaned  thoroughly  a  couple  of  times  and 
filled  once  or  twice  any  trouble  from 
hardness  in  the  water  will  be  eliminated. 
Michigan.  k.  c.  axgevixe. 
Protectixg  Water  Pipes.-  Referring 
to  the  subject  of  the  protection  of  water 
pipes,  discussed  on  page  192,  it  is  well  to 
hear  in  mind  that  the  object  is  to  retain 
the  heat.  Air  is  the  best  non-conductor 
of  heat,  and  all  coverings  depend  for  their 
value  on  their  capacity  for  containing 
air.  A  pipe  enclosed  in  another,  of  say 
three  inch  vitrified  tile,  with  the  joints 
scaled,  is  surrounded  by  an  air  jacket, 
and  nothing  put  inside  will  add  to  its 
value  as  a  protector.  j.  l.  wood. 
Virginia. 
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