452 
Che  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
March  11,  191G, 
Results  by  Use  of  Cover  Crops 
Providing  Water  and  Humus 
and  that  isn’t  all 
You  want  a  nflo  of  stjvwlard  construction,  for 
course  — but  if  it's  u  Globe  you  will  tret  many  extra  advantages 
and  improvement*  The  r«rioi>  in  equally  low. 
Uormer  window  in  roof— no  exlra  charge.  You  can  pack 
the  silage  tight  to  the  top  of  the  silo.  This,  with  the  exten- 
tion  roof,  adds  5  foot  to  the  capacity. 
M  By  Feeding  Scientifically  Bal 
-H  anced  Rations  to  Your  Stock 
Part  II.  Benefits  of  Mulch. — I  would  much 
Rye  and  Vetch.— After  turning  the  rather  for  investment  take  these  neglected 
cow  peas  under  we  harrowed  thoroughly  trees  and  apply  a  good  mulch  about  them, 
spray  them  and  prune  than  to  take  the 
well-cared  for  tree  that  has  had  all  atten- 
After  tion  so  far  as  animal  and  chemical  fer¬ 
tilizers  are  concerned,  because  the  neglect¬ 
ed  tree  invariably  is  full  of  fruit  spurs, 
In  the  Spring  of  1909  we  while  the  well-fertilized  tree  with  an 
an(j  abundance  of  stimulants,  looks  more  like 
a  tree  to  me  for  cord  wood.  I  have  made 
it  a  point  to  visit  orchards  that  have 
been  well  supplied  with  barnyard  manure, 
others  that  have  been  well  supplied  with 
chemical  and  animal  fertilizer,  and  I 
We  planted  Red  fwmly  believe  from  experience  that  we 
have  got  to  give  our  trees,  or  prepare  for 
our  trees  a  storage  of  moisture  sufficient 
to  carry  them  through  the  growing 
period. 
Methods  With  Cover  Crops. — I  wish 
to  warn  all  readers  against  sowing  the 
cover  crop  up  close  to  the  tree  for  the 
simple  reason  that  when  the  cover  crop 
is  growing  it  will  absorb  and  take  away 
the  moisture  from  the  tree.  The 
nrehardist  must  pay  particular  attention 
to  the  great  importance  of  keeping  a 
mulch  constantly  around  each  tree,  and 
during  (he  growing  period,  to  remove  the 
hulk  of  the  mulch  every  month  or  ofteuer 
if  possible,  and  stir  in  all  of  the  decayed 
mulch  possible  so  that  it  will  become  a 
part  of  the  soil.  I  have  found  from  ex¬ 
perience  that  if  we  start  working  this  de¬ 
cayed  mulch  into  the  soil  as  the  trees 
grow  older,  we  can  dig  deeper  into  the 
soil  without  affecting  the  feeder  roots,  be¬ 
cause  this  constant  stirring  of  the  soil 
about  the  tree  causes  the  roots  to  go 
down,  and  the  seepage  will  carry  the 
plant  food  from  the  humus  down  into  the 
roots  Another  important  thing  to  guard 
against  is  to  keep  the  mulch  away  from 
the  trunks  of  the  young  trees  to  protect 
them  from  the  ravages  of  mice  and  other 
pests  from  gnawing  and  girdling  the  tree. 
From  Baldwin  trees,  seven  years  of  age, 
we  have  picked  ‘JF*  barrels  of  No.  1  fancy 
fruit.  From  Fallawater  trees  we  have 
picked  2y»  barrels  at  six  years  of  age.  I 
believe  what  I  have  done,  and  accom¬ 
plished  in  tree  growth  can  be  done  in  any 
section  of  the  country.  We  never  prune 
our  trees  at  any  other  period  than  the 
growing  period.  I  have  fouud  from  ex¬ 
perience  that  by  priming  my  trees  when 
in  full  flow  of  sap  I  could  get  a  perfect 
heal  and  all  of  my  pruning  I  try  to  do 
when  the  trees  are  iu  blossom;  this  ap¬ 
plies  to  all  varieties,  both  stone  and  seed 
fruits  with  the  exception  of  my  grapes. 
To  lie  successful  in  orcharding,  one  must 
have  a  thorough  knowledge  of  spraying, 
priming,  and  harvesting.  Great  damage 
can  he  done  by  carelessness  at  picking 
time.  I  try  to  keep  my  fruit  before  the 
public  at  all  times  by  exhibiting  the  same 
at  each  and  every  show  that  is  held  near 
my  orchard,  and  practically  all  of  my 
fruit  goes  direct  to  the  consumer. 
Bristol  Co.,  Mass.  c.  w.  young. 
and  bushed.  We  allowed  the  ground  to 
lie  until  the  second  week  of  August,  when 
we  sow  rye  and  Hairy  vetch 
sowing  the  rye  and  vetch  we  had  another 
large  crop  of  fruit  to  harvest  from  the 
young  trees. 
turned  this  vetch  and  rye  under 
rolled.  We  allowed  the  ground  to  stay  in 
this  condition  until  weeds  and  other 
growths,  including  clover,  had  got  quite  a 
start.  Then  we  disked  and  furrowed  out 
between  the  rows  of  trees  for  beans  to  be 
taken  off  as  a  crop, 
Kidney  and  Yellow-eye  for  our  two  main 
varieties.  All  the  time  the  beans  were 
growing  we  kept  up  a  constant  cultiva¬ 
tion  with  the  horse  cultivator  and  hand 
hoe  and  each  month  through  the  growing 
period  up  to  the  first  of  August,  we  would 
remove  the  hulk  of  the  mulch  from  each 
tree  and  work  in  as  much  of  the  decayed 
mulch  as  possible  into  the  soil.  We  har¬ 
vested  a  bumper  crop  of  beaus,  picking 
the  crop  by  hand,  leaving  the  vines  to 
stand  right  where  they  had  grown. 
Grass  Seeding. — After  picking  this 
crop  the  last  of  September,  we  disked, 
harrowed  and  sowed  rye  and  vetch.  In 
the  Spring  of  1910  we  turned  this  crop 
under  while  the  bottom  was  still  green  ; 
thi.s  growth  was  about  two  feet  high.  We 
harrowed  thoroughly  just  as  soon  as 
plowed  and  seeded  with  clover  and  grass, 
being  careful  not  to  disturb  the  mulch 
around  each  tree.  This  crop  grew  beauti¬ 
fully.  and  since  1910  in  this  orchard  all 
that  lias  been  done  was  to  mow  the  grass, 
draw  enough  up  to  each  tree  for  a  mulch 
at  least  two  feet  deep,  keeping  the  mulch 
at  least  two  feet  away  from  the  trunks  <>f 
the  trees.  This  keeping  of  the  mulch 
away  from  the  trunk  was  to  guard 
against  mice  and  other  pests  from  gnaw¬ 
ing  or  girdling  the  tree.  All  of  m.v  or¬ 
chards  I  have  handled  in  this  way,  and  in 
1907  I  had  become  so  thoroughly  con¬ 
vinced  that  I  could  raise  bumper  crops  of 
vegetables  with  this  cover  crop  system,  I 
immediately  started  iu  to  sec  how  far  I 
could  go  and  still  get  results.  Since  1907 
I  have  raised  onions,  corn,  potatoes,  and 
all  other  varieties  of  vegetables  in  abund¬ 
ance  with  no  other  fertilizer  or  chemicals. 
I  am  now  convinced  that  the  fanner  who 
will  adopt  this  cover  crop  system  as  a 
means  of  producing  any  kind  of  a  crop 
will  have  solved  the  greatest  problem  in 
plant  life ;  namely,  the  problem  of  mois¬ 
ture.  I  firmly  believe  that  the  most 
vital  requisite  iu  plant  life  is  to  keep 
the  soil  well  filled  or  supplied  with  humus 
and  to  conserve  moisture. 
Results  Obtained.' — My  orchards  are 
the  admiration  of  all  who  visit  them.  I 
was  told  in  the  beginning  by  professional 
men  that  I  would  land  on  the  rocks  if  I 
persisted  in  trying  to  produce  crops  with¬ 
out  the  aid  of  various  chemicals  iu  the 
form  of  fertilizers,  but  being  of  a  dispo¬ 
sition  to  follow  out  and  prove  to  my 
own  satisfaction  that  I  was  wrong.  I  just 
kept  my  mind  fixed  upon  what  I  had  seen 
nature  produce  without  any  other  assist¬ 
ance  than  decayed  vegetation,  ii.  the  form 
of  fertilizer.  The  old  neglected  apple 
tree  out  by  the  well,  the  old  neglected 
peach  tree  coming  up  through  the  wood- 
pile  refuse,  the  old  nalive  black  cherry 
standing  out  by  the  wall,  the  wild  grape¬ 
vine  struggling  for  an  existence,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  wall,  the  large  chestnut 
standing  out  alone  ana  unmolested  in  the 
field,  all  producing  a  good  crop  without 
any  assistance,  not  even  being  sprayed,  or 
pruned,  getting  the  full  benefit  of  the  rav¬ 
ages  of  insects,  the  windstorms  and  still 
at  harvest  time,  each  and  every  one  of 
these  trees  and  vines  throwing  off  a  crop, 
In  the  dry  period  or  season,  study  these 
trees  and  you  will  find  that  when  the 
ground  has  thoroughly  baked  out  with 
the  drying  sun  and  wind,  the  crop  per¬ 
ishes  mid  drops  prematurely.  The  same 
plants  under  the  same  conditions  in  a  wet 
season  go  on  building  a  crop  from  no 
other  substance  applied  but  moisture.  So 
then,  when  we  have  studied  these  neglect¬ 
ed  trees  referred  to.  we  find  that  moisture 
does  build  the  crop  and  helps  the  tree  to 
throw  off  a  good  specimen  of  its  variety. 
Protein  24%,  fat  7%,  liber  9% 
is  made  of  Distiller’s  Dried  Grains,  hominy 
meal,  wheat,  middlings,  malt  sj, routs  wheat 
bran,  cottonseed  meal  and  linseed  meal.  Nn  Filler. 
Don’t  pay  your  good  money  for  tiller.  Uso 
inexpensive  roughage  or  ensilage  from  your 
own  place  to  teed  with  highly  concentrated 
Nntritia.  Dairy  Feed.  Keeps  your  cows  in  prime 
condition  and  makes  them  giro  the  most  and 
richest  milk  at  lowest  cost.  Cuts  your  feeding 
cost  20  to  30  per  cent.  Packed  in  I0U  lb.  sacks. 
Sample  Bag  mid  Further  Particulars 
Free  ou  request. 
We  also  manufacture  Nntritia  Horse  Feed. 
Columbia  Scratch  Feed,  llluu  Boar  Hog  Feed, 
All  Quality-Policy  Feeds.  Sample  bags  and 
particulars  free.  THE  I  FUG  Kit  GRAIN  GO., 
1110  Hopkins  Street,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Dealers:  Write  for  Special  Proposition. 
We  can  Save  You  Money  on  all  kinds  of 
Feed.  Write  for  prices  on  mixed  carload  lots. 
Kxlrn  s tong  floor  frarru*  -fcxttu  thirl:  >:!dn  po.M,  with  crows 
bar  bolted  to  them.  Quirk  notion  .MljuulinR  mil.  Simple  im¬ 
provement  loosens  door  the 1  badly  pinched,  tloijhb*  spline 
wit'll  joints  Sr  kind.  Not  nr . .  ry  to  trn.ov.t  doors.  Hoops 
tightened  whdo  standlniron  ' ’handle  ladder."  Extension  roof. 
Before  yon  promote  to  buy  n  d|o.  write  u, .  and  lot  ua  prove 
the  advantages  of  these  improvements,  A  postal  will  do. 
,  THE  GLOBE  SILO  CO.,  2  12  Globe  Street,  Sidney.  N.  Y.  . 
CRAINEfi 
Three  walls  instead  of  one.  A  stave 
pllo  Inside,  a  patented  Hplrul  wooden 
hooping  that  winds  wound,  the  ends 
interlocking  and  sides  overlapping 
outside  .  in  addition,  the  thick  felt 
titling  betwcou  thn  strive  ami  spiral 
woods,  Air  tight,  frost  and  water 
proof.  Requires  no  iron  hoops.  Dur¬ 
able.  Guaranteed. 
Send  postal  for  catalog  which  tells 
th  ings  you  ought  to  know  about  silos ; 
and  why  the  Cratne  Silo  is  superior. 
Active  Agents  Wanted. 
W.  L.  Scott  Lumber  Co., 
Box  115  Norwich,  Pi.  Y. 
O.K.  POTATO  PLANTERS  PAY 
— — !iL,™3  a  Investigate  O.K.  V 
Champion  Line  | 
Cutters,  Planters, 
■diwIrefea’ilnStK  I  Sprayers,  Diggers, 
BST  Write  for  our 
■ /  1  I  free  descriptive 
/V.  ^ur  No.  25  Plant- 
Np**v  er  *3  absolutely 
7  1  //  100  per  cent  correct — 
f  V1;- — a  seed  piece  to  every 
Our  No.  2S  Planter  has  distinctive  features.  A 
man  and  a  team  plant  five  aeres  or  more  a  day. 
CHAMPION  POTATO  MACHINERY  CO. 
151  Chicago  Ave., _ Hammond,  Ind. 
*oSPe*,w 
Green  Mountain  Silos 
put  tlio  mark  of  prosperity  on  yrnlr  farm. 
They  look  substantial,  and  they  are  sub¬ 
stantial.  The  heavy  slaves  are  dipped  in 
pure  creosote  oil  preservative.  Simple,  tight 
doors  that  tit  llkea  safn  door.  Extra  strong 
hoops.  Ai  silo  for  a  lifetime. 
Write  for  booklet,  and  ask  about  our 
“Order-early.pay.later"  plan. 
The  Creamery  Package  Mfg.  Company, 
338  West  St.,  Rutland.  Vt. 
They  preserve  sit  ago  perfectly.  Com-  1VJ 
litue  best  construction,  greatest  dura-  |n| 
biUty  and  convenience.  Easy  to  erect  r» 
and  keep  air-tight.  Write  tod  ay  forcata-  xtTS 
losrue.  Agents  wanted.  Address  whs 
VN  A  DILL  A  811,0  00..  Box  0  .PnadflU,  K.  Y 
^\,Miiiniiiiiiiiiniiii[iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|iijiiiii|iini 
Provable  Papec  Point* 
=  Every  reason  for  the  “Papec''  is  proved  by  thousands  of  machines 
=  in  use — giving  satisfaction  in  every  Malt — almost  everywhere, 
rr  Thousands  dee  operaledonly  by  1  ILF,  gas  engines — will,  little  or 
=  no  repair  cost,  and  saving  their  owners  time  nod  money.  The  situ- 
-  pie,  durable  "Papec”  construction  has  net  or  boon  excelled.  Tho 
=  semi-steel  frame;  heavy  gear  drlvingnniehaiiisiu ;  six  fansinstead 
=  of  the  usual  four i  the  low  speed — only  (100  K.F.M. — urn  a  few  of 
=  Gie  “ Rupee’ 1  features  (hat  reduce  powiweost,  mean  durability  and 
-  bring  thorough  satisfaction.  Learn  tho  many  oilier  reasons  why 
=  the  ‘Tapeo”  servo*  when  others  1*11.  Kind  poslul  for  our  new 
-  Wifi  Catalog,  dCHeriliing  the  tu-w  patented  -clf-femilug  device  that 
=  handles  all  growths — green  or  dry. 
Convenient  Distributing  Points  throughout  the  U.  S. 
PAPEC  MACHINE  CO. 
Box  10  Shortsville,  N.  Y. 
Concrete  floors  for  corn  cribs 
Green  Manure  Crops 
I  have  a  piece  < if  ground  I  wish  to 
seed  down  next  Fall.  The  soil  is  a  heavy 
loam.  Can  I  smv  to  oats,  using  patent 
fertilizer,  to  cut  for  fodder  about  the  first 
of  Ju\v.  then  sow  buckwheat.  Soy  beans  or 
cow  peas  to  turn  under  in  September,  be¬ 
fore  seeding?  I  have  no  stable  manure 
to  use.  Which  of  the  three  above  men¬ 
tioned  would  you  advise  fur  green  ma¬ 
nure?  c.  it.  P. 
Livingston,  N.  .7. 
A  better  plan  would  be  to  sow  Canada 
•field  peas  with  the  oats,  in  the  way  we  have 
so  often  described.  The  Canada  peas  will 
add  to  the  value  of  the  fodder  when  you 
cut  it,  and  also  benefit  tho  soil.  Cut  this 
crop  when  the  little  pods  are  forming  on 
the  pea  vines,  and  then  disk  or  plow  the 
ground  and  seed  to  buckwheat  and  Crim¬ 
son  clover  together.  With  a  favorable 
season  this  will  give.  a  fair  crop  which 
can  be  plowed  under  in  September  to  suit 
your  purpose.  A  fail’  dressing  of  lime 
put  on  after  the  buckwheat  and  clover 
are  plowed  under  will  help  the  soil. 
N o  place  for  vermi n  or  germs.  Easily  cleaned  by 
flushing  or  burning  out.  Also  rat-proof,  fire¬ 
proof,  permanent  and  economical — no  repairs. 
Concrete  Floors 
get  rid  of  flies;  rats  cannot  gnaw  through;  clean;  warm;  better  stock; 
crops  won’t  burn;  floors  do  not  wear  out.  You  can  build  bam  floors, 
corn  crib  floors,  feeding  floors,  carriage  washing  floors  and  entrance 
floors  yourself  with  your  farm  help  and  ordinary  farm  tools.  Cost 
about  12  cents  per  square  foot  for  materials. 
Free  building  help 
We  will  help  you  build  whatever  you  require — tell  you  how  to  mix, 
pour,  and  finish,  and  approximate  costs.  Farm  book  and  information 
free — use  coupon  below.  When  you  buy  cement,  ask  for  Atlas. 
The  Atlas  Portland  Cement  Company 
New  York  Chicago  Philadelphia  Boston  St.  Louis  Minneapolis  Des  Moines  Dayton 
iUffiai 
Silas  :  “I  understand  that  Congress¬ 
man  McGuff  was  pelted  with  vegetables 
when  he  spoke  here  last  night!”  Hiram : 
‘’Yes.  and  that  wasn’t  the  worst!  The 
vegetables  he  was  pelted  with  were  raised 
from  the  seeds  that  he  himself  franked 
through  the  mails  to  the  pelters.” — Cre¬ 
dit  Lost. 
,  30  Broad  St.,  New  York,  or  Corn  Exchange  Bank  Building,  Chicago, 
”  describing  silos,  troughs,  floors,  hen  houses,  corn  cribs,  dairy  farms. 
_ size _ and  would  like  complete  information 
The  Atlas  Portland  Cement  Co. 
Send  me  Book  “Concrete  on  the  Farm 
I  expect  ta  build  a _ . _ 
Name  and  Address; - 
