©"/>«?  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
shutter  in  the  reverse  position.  The  size  of  this  one 
happens  to  he  4x5  feet. 
fig.  gives  an  interior  view  of  tliis  house;  sev¬ 
eral  hens  are  sitting  on  the  low  partition  in  front 
of  the  <1  popping  boardless  perch.  The  bran  hag  ven¬ 
tilator  is  in  the  left  background.  This  picture  was 
465 
40  lived,  hut  only  24  made  heads,  which  yielded  two 
tons  to  the  acre.  In  the  Wisconsin  Hollander  No. 
8  field,  out  of  every  100  plants  set.  100  lived,  and 
OS  made  heads  which  yielded  more  than  isy2  tons 
to  the  acre.  l.  r.  .joxes. 
Wisconsin  Exp.  Station. 
Improvements  in  Henhouse  Construction 
Advantages  of  Improved  Shutter 
HERE  is  otir  mite  toward  solving  the  hen  ma¬ 
nure  problem.  The  dropping  hoards  are  dis¬ 
carded.  A  wooden  partition  about  two  feet  high 
separates  the  night  droppings  from  the  scratching 
litter.  Every  second  or  third  day  several  shovelfuls 
of  the  finest  material  from  the  very  bottom  of  the 
scratching  litter  are  spread  over  the  droppings  un- 
ler  the  perches.  This  procedure  not  only  keeps  the 
scratching  litter  decently  clean,  hut  also  makes  a 
rich  compost  in  which  the  droppings  are  partially 
dried,  prevented  from  caking  and  rendered  nearly 
odorless.  Two  or  three  times  a  month,  whenever 
the  work  slackens,  as  on  a  rainy  day,  a  laborer 
sacks  the  manure  and  it  is  carted  to  the  field  or 
orchard.  According  to  our  records  this  method  re¬ 
duces  both  construction  and  operating  costs  50%. 
Fig.  15G  shows  the  construction  of  the  dropping 
beardless  perch. 
Another  innovation  in  henhouse  construction  that 
has  given  us  even  more  satisfaction  than  the  drop¬ 
ping  hoardless  perch  is  the  tiltable,  wooden  shutter. 
Fig.  457.  15, s.  and  U>0  show  it.  in  the  three  positions. 
It  is  simply  a  wooden  shutter  hung  on  a  horizontal 
axle.  The  shutter  is  held  at  the  desired  tilt  by  a 
two-foot  iron  bar  in  which  are  perforations.  These 
holes  are  made  to  tit  a  headless  (iO-penny  nail  driven 
in  the  studding.  Above  the  axle  the  window  open¬ 
ing  is  wired  on  the  outside  of  the  shutter;  below  on 
the  inside. 
There  are  two  minor  disadvantages  to  this  shut¬ 
ter:  1.  It  is  more  difficult  to  screen  the  shutter  win¬ 
dow  with  wire,  especially  if  it.  is  necessary  to  do  a 
rat  or  weasel-proof  job.  2.  It  carries  the  rain  waters 
inside  the  henhouse  when  tilted  to  a  reverse  posi¬ 
tion  unless  a  special  contrivance  is  _ 
made  to  prevent  it. 
The  advantages  are:  1.  The  shutter 
is  easily  tilted  and  can  be  handled 
quicker  than  the  cloth  curtain  with 
coni  and  pulley.  2.  It  is  not  expensive 
to  make.  The  lumber  is  as  for  the 
rest  uf  the  henhouse.  3.  It  is  durable. 
Every  two  or  three  years  cloth  cur¬ 
tains  must  he  renewed.  4.  It  is  not 
Leghorns  show  a  great  fondness  for  vto®  *p$f 
the  cloth  curtain  perch.  5.  The  shut-  ' ' 
.  .V.  *  ■  JvT 
ter  will,  when  at  full  tilt,  let  in  almost 
as  much  air  as  will  the  same  area  of  •,  W® 
cloth  curtained  window  when  open.  v*v  ^ 
yet  the  size  of  the  opening  can  he  ad- 
justed  as  closely  as  with  the  ordinary 
glass  window.  0.  The  shutter,  from  a 
closed  position  to  a  tilt  of  Sl»  deg.  car-  A 
ries  the  rain  water  outside;  from  the  Af 
closed  to  2(i  deg.  a  driving  rain;  and  , 
when  No.  14  mesh  wire  (mosquito  A 
wire)  is  used  a  tilt  of  even  45  deg, 
throws  out  most  of  the  rain  aud  snow, 
7  The  shutter  may  lie  tilled  to  a  reverse  position  in 
a  plane  parallel  with  the  sun’s  rays.  This  lets  in 
both  fresh  air  and  sunlight  and  converts  the  entire 
house,  or  pen,  into  an  open  front  scratching  shed: 
see  Fig.  150.  s.  The  shutter  reduces  by  one-half  the 
amount  of  glass  required  in  the  house.  So  instead 
of  having  one  square  foot  of  glass  for  every  10 
square  feet  of  lloor.  one  of  glass  to  32  of  floor  is  all 
that  is  necessary.  9.  And  lastly  the  shutter,  set  at 
45  deg.  is  the  ideal  Summer  ventilator.  At  this 
tilt  it  throws  out  the  sun’s  rays  as  well  as  the  rain 
water  from  sudden  showers.  It  also  lets  in  the  cool 
air  at  the  bottom  and  out  the  hot  foul  air  at  the 
top. 
In  Fig.  157  the  tillable  wooden  shutter  is  shown 
closed  between  the  two  glass  windows  in  the  right 
Shutter  Shown  at  45-degree  Tilt.  Fig.  158 
taken  in  the  morning  around  Dee.  20th  and 
the  sunlight  let  in  by  the  glass  windows,  and 
ters  in  the  reversed  position.  Inserting  the 
windows  with  their  bottoms  \\2  feet  above  tin 
sill  would  give  even  better  results  as  (he  sun 
then  reach  all  parts  of  the  door  during  the  d 
New  York.  daxiel  w.  ri  aim 
Disease-resistant  Cabbage,  Wisconsin  Hollander  No.  8, 
