614 
TShe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
April  15,  191 G. 
General  Farm  Topics 
Transplanting  Shrubs 
The -four  pictures  on  page  613  make  a 
story  without  words.  They  show  the 
method  of  transplanting  shrubs  like 
honeysuckle.  Spiuea.  or  a  similar  growth. 
First  a  hole  is  dug  large  enough  to 
contain  the  root  and  the  transplanted 
shrub,  also  a  quantity  of  rich  soil.  The 
strictly  true,  but  he  has  left  out  one  point 
which  appeals  to  me  as  being  really  too 
important  to  he  overlooked  in  such  a  con¬ 
nection.  I  refer  to  the  protection  which 
the  snow  gives  from  the  drying-out  ten¬ 
dencies  of  the  Winter  weather.  Now, 
this  seems  rather  anomalous,  for  we  all 
know  that  we  have  much  wet  weather  in 
A  Young  Farmer  Testing  Seed  Corn.  Fig.  225 
subsoil  should  be  loosened  up  and  well 
filled  in  with  good  earth.  The  roots  when 
the  shrubs  are  dug  up  should  be  pruned 
back  quite  severely  as  is  shown  in  the 
picture.  Then  the  shrub  with  the  pruned 
roots  is  put  into  the  bole  and  the  soil 
packed  down  hard  around  the  roots. 
Then  if  possible  it  is  well  to  saturate  the 
soil  around  the  shrub  thoroughly  with 
water.  After  this  is  done  a  mulch  of 
manure,  straw,  or  leaves  may  be  put  on 
top  of  the  ground,  and  as  a  last  touch 
the  top  of  the  shrubs  should  be  pruned 
back  so  that  it  will  correspond  after  its 
luss  of  wood  with  the  pruning  done  to  the 
roots.  If  the  processes  shown  in  the  pic¬ 
tures  are  faithfully  carried  out  the  shrub 
should  start  off  and  grow  in  its  new  home 
without  any  trouble. 
Corn  Testing 
On  page  -105  a  description  was  given  in 
detail  of  the  "rag  doll**  method  of  seed 
testing.  The  picture  shows  a  young  far¬ 
mer  putting  this  plan  into  practice.  After 
reading  Ihe  result  of  the  test  the  ears 
falling  below  germination  requirements 
will  be  discarded  and  the  planting  will  be 
made  with  reasonable  assurance  of  a.  full 
stand  <>f  plants  instead  of  a  spotted  and 
unprofitable  field. 
Opalescent  Apple 
Louis  II.  Buckshoru  asks  about  the 
Opalescent  apple.  We  planted  two  trees 
about  30  or  12  years  ago;  have  never  had 
apple  trees  blight  worse  than  they. 
One  kept  dying  with  blight  until  dead  to 
the  ground.  The  other  is  still  alive,  but 
only  about  eight  feet  high,  owing  to  se¬ 
vere  pruning  for  blight.  This  tree  had 
10  apples  last  season,  very  pretty  ap¬ 
ples,  which  were  left  on  tree  to  test,  keep¬ 
ing  qualities,  but  were  all  unsound  by 
our  picking  season.  Personally  in  our 
location  would  not  plant  Opalescent. 
The  above  trees  are  in  location  with  Ben 
Davis.  Duchess,  Paragon  and  Miukler. 
Illinois.  w.m.  jacicsox. 
While  T  have  no  mature  trees  of  this 
variety  it  is  grown  near  here  by  a  friend 
of  mine,  and  no  one  could  wish  for  any 
better  apples,  both  as  to  appearance  and 
quality  than  are  found  on  his  trees,  al¬ 
though  he  by  no  means  has  given  the 
trees  the  care  which  they  ought  to  re¬ 
ceive.  Should  think  that  the  apple  would 
do  much  better  ou  a  light  soil  if  one  can 
judge  by  this  case  and  certainty.  I  have 
been  favorably  enough  impressed,  so  that 
I  have  top- worked  a  fair-sized  block  of 
young  trees  to  this  variety.  The  apple 
may  not  be  of  as  high  quality  as  McIn¬ 
tosh  but  it  is  so  far  ahead  of  the  ma¬ 
jority  of  far  Western  boxed  fruit  in  this 
respect  that  I  cannot  see  why  it  should 
not  be  a  winner,  and  no  handsomer  ap¬ 
ple  ever  grew’.  joiix  H.  hardy,  jr. 
Massachusetts. 
Snow  and  Wheat 
I  was  interested  in  the  Hope  Farm 
man’s  discussion  on  page  386  of  the  way 
in  which  a  snow  blanket  in  the  Winter 
benefits  the  wheat.  All  that  he  says  is 
Winter  and  that  in  freezing  weather  evap¬ 
oration  is  very  much  reduced.  We  Lav- 
all  observed,  however,  that  if  the  soil 
freezes  up  without  a  snow  cover,  even 
when  very  full  of  water,  the  surface  layer 
will  become  powdery  dry  in  a  few  days, 
even  if  the  thermometer  has  registered 
continuously  below  the  freezing  point.  In 
fact,  if  thawing  has  taken  place  the  sur¬ 
face  will  not  be  so  dry. 
The  explanation  of  this  is  comparative¬ 
ly  simple,  If  we  scrape  away  the  dry 
layer  in  such  a  case  we  will  find  the 
frozen  layer  of  soil  beneath  just  as  full 
of  water  as  when  the  freeze-up  came.  The 
point  is  that  although  the  evaporation  un¬ 
der  the  freezing  conditions  just  mentioned 
is  very  slow,  nevertheless  it.  does  go  on, 
and  the  water  below  in  the  soil  is  so  se¬ 
curely  locked  there  by  being  frozen  that 
it  cannot  move  up  by  capillarity  to  take 
the  place  of  that  evaporated.  Therefore, 
the  surface  layer  of  soil  becomes  powdery 
dry  although  there  arc  tons  and  tons  of 
water  just  an  ineli  or  two  below  it.  Now. 
the  condition  of  the  wheat  plant  under 
such  circumstances  is  altogether  similar. 
The  evaporation  from  its  leaves  is  much 
slower  than  in  the  warmer  portions  of  the 
year,  but  the  ability  of  the  roots  to  take 
water  up  and  pass  it  on  to  the  leaves  is 
curtailed  to  an  even  greater  extent. .is.  in 
fact,  practically  stopped.  Obviously, 
therefore,  not  much  evaporation  from  the 
leaves  can  take  place  without  drying  them 
out  to  an  extent  sufficient  to  do  serious 
injury  to  the  plant;  and  in  cold  weather 
when  no  snow  Cover  is  ou  the  wheat 
suffers  from  just  this  cause. 
There  are  also  eases  in  nature  where 
the  effect  of  this  drying  action  is  seen, 
lit  many  places  with  severe  Winters,  and 
with  some  plants  as  far  south  as  this, 
certain  plants  are  limited  as  to  their 
height  by  the  depth  of  tlie  snow  blanket 
in  Winter;  that  is,  the  tops  die  down 
every  Winter  to  the  surface  of  the  snow. 
Botanists  do  not  think  that  it  is  the  cold 
that  kills  the  shouts,  for  they  are  very 
little  colder  than  those  portions  just  be¬ 
low  the  snow  ;  but  that  they  are  simply 
dried  out  by  the  Winter  winds,  the  snow, 
of  course,  protecting  the  parts  beneath! 
In  the  cold  of  the  Winter  it  is  impossible 
for  the  plants  to  conduct  any  water  to  the 
exposed  parts  which  are  in  such  great 
need  of  it. 
In  some  tropical  regions  there  are  two 
seasons  each  year,  a  wet  season  and  a  dry 
season.  At  the  approach  of  the  dry  sea¬ 
son  the  plants  behave  just  as  our  plants 
do  at  the  approach  of  Winter.  Some  of 
them  die  (annuals)  and  tide  over  the  un¬ 
favorable  season  by  means  of  seeds;  some 
of  them  (deciduous)  shed  their  leaves  just 
as  our  deciduous  trees  do;  and  some  of 
them  (evergreen)  retain  their  leaves  just 
as  our  pines,  cedars,  etc.,  do.  Now,  the 
conditions  which  cause  these,  identical 
reactions  are  the  same  fundamentally. 
Dryness  is  the  cause.  True  enough,  with 
us  it  is  not  absolute  dryness,  for  we  have 
plenty  of  water  iu  Winter.  However, 
anything  which  prevents  a  plant  from  ab¬ 
sorbing  water  into  its  tissues  brings  about 
a  condition  of  physiological  dryness  for 
that  plant  even  though  it  be  surrounded 
with  water.  Coldness  is  one  of  the  con¬ 
ditions  which  prevents  a  plant  from  ab¬ 
sorbing  water,  and  the  Winter  is  there¬ 
fore  so  far  as  a  plant  is  concerned,  a  dry 
season,  Halts  in  the  water  is  another 
condition  which  prevents  plants  from  ab¬ 
sorbing  water  from  the  solution.  After  a 
solution  gets  concentrated  to  a  certain 
strength  a  plant  can  no  longer  get  water 
from  it.  This  is  the  reason  why  salt 
kills  plants  and  at  least  part  of  the  reason 
why  things  cannot  grow  in  the  alkali  re¬ 
gions  of  the  West.  c.  a.  ludwig. 
“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  the  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 
$1,000  AN  ACRE 
Actually  made  growing  the  latest  kinds  of 
Ever-Bearing  Strawberries 
THAT  FRUIT  SAME  YEAR  AS  PLANTED 
Don’t  buy  until  you  write  for  my  Free  Catalogue  telling 
what  kinds  to  grow  and  how  to  grow  them, 
C.  S.  KEMPTON  &  CO.,  L,ongmeadow,£Mass. 
Growers  of  the  famous  Longmeadow  Cantaloupe 
Mr.  Kempton  was  one  of  the  first  growers  to  take  op  the  production 
of  Ever-Hearing  Strawberries,— (Ujd.  Farm  anl>  Homs.) 
To  be  successful  with  Ever  -  Bearers  buy  from  Northern 
growers  who  have  them  already  acclimated  to  the  cold 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS: 
also  Asparagus  roots.  Raspberry  and  Dewberry 
pi  a  n  ts,  Horseradish.  Seer)  corn.  Cow  Peas.  Vegetable 
plains.  Egg-  for  hatching.  Catauw  Flint. 
J.  KKIFFWItlt  II ALL,  Khodcmlnle,  Mrl.,  llept.  8 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
Northern  Grown.  Wei)  fertilized  Wrim  for  prices 
and  catalogue.  JR.  MASON,  Ninth  Girard,  i'a. 
Strawberry  Plants  SMSf'il'lS 
/zjjYv*  I- 1 A  $2  and  t-JAO  per  1 .000 ■  also  Fruit  and  Shade. 
ViPiy bVq/  trees,  :isii;:r.*ign.-  reots,  ctr.,  chreet  ITv.ni  nur- 
sety; feiitisiuet ion fjiiaran teed.  liigCatalogFREE 
G.  E.  BUNTING  S  SONS.Bux  1,  SELBYVILLE  DEL. 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
|  Good  stocky  piaut.s  of  nil  lending  varieties.  Catalogue  1 
j  tree  .  H.  H.  BENNINC,  R.  5,  Clyde,  N.  V.  | 
“ SUPERB”  STRAWBERRIES 
This  EVERBEARING  variety  lias  real  merit.  Read  what 
others  say  about  it.  Circular  free. 
W I LLA K  1>  B.  K 1 LL E,  -  Swedesboro,  N.,J . 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  a«'Kl 
all  growers.  Semi  for  my  Illustrated  Catalogue. 
Free.  DAVID  BOB  WAY,  llartly,  Delaware 
NEW  STRAWBERRIES^^ 
Reliable,  interesting  and  instructive— All  about  the  New 
Everbearers  and  other  important  varieties.  Address 
C.  N.  FLANSBURCH  &SON,  JACKSON,  MICH, 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  K&^S  ® 
ooo  Palmetto  iiNpnragus  roots  at  the  lowest  prices. 
Bend  for  1916  Price  lilat  ail  kinds  seeds  and  plants. 
CALKK  liOOGS  «  SON  -  Uheswold,  D«l. 
Plants,  Strawberries  and  Vegetables”^ ft 
strawberries,  including  Everbearing,  Get  my  cata¬ 
log.  lfoitd  why  I  seii  choice  p!aiit-«.  sent  prepaid,  at 
half  t lie  price  of  others.  C.  E.  FIELO,  Sewell,  N.  J. 
Strawberry  Plantsli'iCl'iSo, Si?.* 
tiro  C'litiilngno  Free.  BASIL  PERRY,  Geanjeluwn.  Del. 
BEHnY  r»XxA3NTTS 
Fruit  Trees— Vegetable  Plants 
The  leading  standard  varieties  of  STRAWBERRY, 
RASPBERRY,  BLACKBERRY.  GOOSEBERRY.  CURRANT, 
GRAPE.  ASPARAGUS.  HORSERADISH,  CABBAGE, 
CAULIFLOWER,  CELERY.  SWEET  POTATO,  TOMATO, 
PEPPER,  and  EGG  PLANTS:  APPLE.  PEAR,  PEACH, 
PLUM  and  CHERRY  TREES, 
First  class  stork  delivered  to  yell  io  good  erovrinx  condition.  Tarsro 
ur  Email  loLi  emptied  prepaid  to  1-i  Hu. stern  Status  lit  rcitsonaMc 
price*.  CuiafoQUv  frep. 
Harry  L.  Squires,  Remsenburg,  N.  Y. 
200.000  WIN-  fiokkaopPlonla  Jersey  and  Clmrlestdu, 
TFRF0  OVIK  WflODageridniS  waiccttebl.  Winning- 
stadc  and  Eureka. $3.23  per  M  or  5.UU0  for  $10.  Guar¬ 
anteed  to  please  or  ninny  refunded.  Other  vegetable 
plants.  Catalog  Free.  W.  1’,  Drake,  Dover, Del. 
FOR  SAIF  A  c  n  n  rn  (rue  R  n  nic  AND  SEED.  At  head 
READING  GIANT  ASparagUS  HOOTS  „r  gf,Vei»i.y-six  lots 
tested.  V.  W.  PRESCOTT,  Concord,  Mass. 
DEADING  GIANI A  spnragns  Knots.  Largest  variety 
■  *  grown. $3  hundred  Geo.  M.  Hutchinson,  Readmit.  Mass. 
Reading  Giant  Aenaratrnv  R  nnfe- 1  •vr“ 
Rust  Proof  Asparagus  n DOTS  Hum,  Taylorsville,  P«. 
FRUIT  TREES 
Our  Immense  stock  of  TREES  enables  us  to  sell  at  less 
than  oav-half  agents  pi'lcen. 
FRESH  B L  G,  I  liKIB I IT  or  K X P R ESS  PA 1 1 > 
We  grow  all  lending  varieties  of  Applnr,  Pears,  Plums, 
Cherries,  lvnchM,  Berry  plants,  Asparagus  ami  Orna¬ 
mentals.  DEI. It  lOI’S,  the  great  dessert  apple,  Is  one 
of  our  specialties,  have  grown  it  fur  years  fn  our  'orchard 
and  propagating  buds  un  ,-  taken  from  bearing  trees. 
Our  CATALOGUE  describes  everything,  send  for  St 
today,  it  is  free. 
L’AMOREAIX  NURSERY  CO.,  Schoharie,  N  Y 
Black’s  Reliable  Trees 
For  the  planter  who  wants  nothing 
but  the  best,  we  offer,  at  reasonable 
prices,  stock  that  will  produce  exactly 
what  he  has  a  right  to  expect. 
Our  leaders  are:  Peach 
Trees,  ( original  stock  fur¬ 
nished  hy  Ar.  J.  Exp.  Station ) 
Apples,  including  '“Deli¬ 
cious”  and  75  others.  Hardy 
Indiana  Budded  Pe¬ 
cans  and  Small  Fruits. 
CATALOGUE  FREE 
It  descrihes  a  full  line  of  fruits  and  orna¬ 
mentals,  makes  no  extravagant  promises, 
and  the  prices  arc  right, 
Jos.  H.  Black,  Son  &  Co.,  Hightstown,  N.  J. 
f 
£fadoney's  Fruit  Trees 
and  Ornamentals  — 
I 
Maloney  Frnifc  Trees  and  Ornxmfcntnl  for  Garden, 
Ivuvn  and  Orchard,  thrown  in  tJi*.*  Iivrvuvt  miryurim*  in  New 
i  ork— >cuurrj ntcod  first  das*.  Sold  direct.  \f>  you  at  wholesale 
ijrieujL  Will  f  no  run-'-  the  value  and  beauty  of  your  place. 
*"**  ojjr  free  rata! ocr  wit  I*  colored  IIIuMj  n  lioua  today. 
Get  butter  *  too  It  fot  much  luitl  than  from  n*r*«  nLv 
MALONEY  BROS.  &  WELLS  CO..  73  Mam  St.,  Dansville,  N.Y. 
SHRUBS,  ROSES  AND  VINE 
Calaioif  with  colored  illusfref ions  FREE 
FRASER’S  BOSC  PEAR' 
FRUIT  PACKAGES  “ 
Catalog 
This  pear  is 
linn  and  will 
.  stand  up  well 
m  shipping,  tt  is  delicious  to  the  taste  anrl  never  fails 
to  (rive  sat  isfuetton.  Fraser's  Pope  Pear  Trees  are  very 
healthy  ami  hem  good-size,  luscious  fruits. 
.ataieeue.  “FHASKK’S  TREE  BOOK,” 
t(*llH  morn  about  the  productiveness  of  Fraser's  Fruit 
Tiers.  Write  uow  t«»r  at  free  copy. 
SAUIUBL  F II A  SIC  It  NURSERY,  Inc. 
126  AI ii In  Street  ...  C>eiiet*eo,  \*  Y* 
NOJT  TREES 
BUDDED 
AND 
GRAFTED  _ _ 
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Grown  Trees  and  be  assured  of  success. 
ATTRACTIVE  CATALOGUE  FREE 
W?  BUD  or  GRAFT 
the  Seedling  Black  Walnuts  and  Butter¬ 
nuts  on  your  farm  to  the  improved  English 
Walnuts  and  the  Hickories  to  fine  Shag- 
barks  and  Pecans?  Complete  instructions 
for  doing  this  work  free 
J.  F.  JONES,  Tr/E  NUT 
Box  R 
tree 
SPECIALIST 
Lancaster,  Pa. 
■SCRAPE-VINES 
6?  varieties.  Also  Small  Fruits,  Trees,  ete.  Best  rooted  stock. 
Genuine,  cheap.  2  sample  vines  mailed  for  10c  Deseriiv 
Mve  catalog  Iree.  LEWIS  BOESCH,  Box L  Fredoma.  N.  Z 
BC’St  quality*  All  styles.  Any  quantity. 
C.  N.  ROBINSON  &  BRO,,  Dept.  A  Baltimore.  Md. 
BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 
The  Rose,  Parsons .  1.00 
Plant  Diseases,  Massee .  1.60 
Landscape  Gardening,  Maynard...,  1.50 
Clovers,  Shaw .  1.00 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER. 
S33  WEST  30th  ST.,  NEW  YORK. 
RUIT  TREES 
Ami  h0\V W0  make  them.  The 
booklet,  tl escribing  our  meth¬ 
od  a  will  interest,  you.  Let  us 
.  ,  ......  ,  it.  Many  most  success¬ 
ful  growers  have  been  fruiting  our  trees  for  years,  they  readily  vouch  for  their  superiority 
and  our  TRUK  TO  LABEL  claims.  You  have  a  sense  of  security  when  yon  plant  Wiley's  trees 
that  relieves  you  from  mncli  anxiety.  No  rash  promises 
or  fake  wholesale  prices.  Just  Quality— first.  H.  S.  WILEY  &  SON 
rnL.Mmimzj  to  tv  f“lt  maybe  a  little  farther  around  the  corners \  r* 
Established  Ib.,7,  Vof  a  square  deal  but  the  road  is  better.'*/  Box  B,  Cayuga,  N.  Y. 
Peach  Borers  Controlled  by  Using 
Scott  Tree  Protectors 
THEY  keep  out  the  borers  and  dispense  with  the  injurious  and  ex¬ 
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Thoroughly  tested  and  proved  to  be  efficient,  durable  and  econom¬ 
ical.  Write  for  prices  and  booklet  containing  complete  description. 
Scott  Tree  Protector  Co. 
Race  and  Winder  Streets,  Baltimore,  Md. 
