658 
V>he  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
April  22,  1916. 
Minn 
When  you  i vrite  advertisers  mention 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  and  you'll  get 
a  quick  reply  and  a  "square  deal.”  See 
guarantee  editorial  page.  :  :  : 
Farm  Water  Problems 
lends  one  to  think  that  a  deep  well  pump 
is  already  installed.  If  this  is  the  case 
a  small  pumping  engine  and  jack  could  be 
obtained  for  much  less — about  .$30 — and 
connected  to  the  pump  already  in  the 
well.  This  would  have  the  advantage  of 
cheapness,  but  would  require  a  trip  to 
the  well  each  time  for  starting.  With 
the  fall  mentioned  (40  feet)  an  under¬ 
ground  cistern  might  he  put  in  near  the 
well  and  supplied  from  the  windmill. 
If  placed  well  below  the  surface  it  should 
keep  cool  enough  for  the  purpose  (ice  is 
no  doubt  used )  and  it  could  be  made 
large  enough  to  carry  over  the  calm 
periods  when  the  mill  was  not  in  opera¬ 
tion.  R.  n.  s. 
Pumping  from  Deep  Well 
Can  you  tell  me'about  the  “air  lift” 
system  of  pumping  water,  simply  using 
an  air  compressor  in  deep  wells  with  no 
pump  down  in  the  well?  Is  it  a  success? 
My  problem  is  to  get  water  from  a  well 
about  325  feet  from  my  milk-house  (the 
well  is  40  feet  higher  than  milk-house) 
simply  to  cool  milk  with,  and  to  do  it 
with  the  same  engine  and  at  the  same 
time  we  are  running  the  engine  to  milk 
with  (as  wo  use  milking  machines)  and 
have  the  engine  located  at  the  milk- 
house.  The  water  stands  about  45  feet 
from  the  surface  of  the  well,  but  can  be 
pumped  down  to  about  100  feet  from  the 
surface.  We  now  have  a  windmill,  but 
that  will  not  always  work  at  milking 
time  when  we  want  the  water  to  cool 
milk  with.  j.  b.  c. 
Burlington  Flats.  N.  Y. 
If  an  open  pipe  is  lowered  into  a  well, 
water  will  rise  in  it  to  the  level  at 
which  the  water  stands  in  the  well.  This 
is  because  the  air  contained  in  the  pipe 
is  much  lighter  than  an  equal  volume 
of  water,  and  is  consequently  forced  out 
of  the  top  of  the  pipe  while  the  heavier 
water  takes  its  place.  When  the  water 
in  the  pipe  reaches  the  water  level  of 
the  well  the  flow  ceases.  A  balance  has 
been  secured  and  there  is  nothing  to 
force  the  water  higher.  If  some  means 
could  be  provided  to  lessen  the  weight 
of  the  water  in  the  pipe  it  would  con¬ 
tinue  to  Tise  and  flow  out  of  the  top 
of  the  pipe  where  it  could  be  collected 
for  use.  This  is  precisely  what  takes 
place  in  the  air-lift  pump.  A  jet  of  com¬ 
pressed  air  is  introduced  into  the  bottom 
of  the  pipe,  and  mixed  with  the  water 
as  thoroughly  as  possible.  This  causes 
a  more  or  less  foamy  condition  of  the 
water,  and  makes  it  lighter  to  a  degree 
depending  upon  the  amount  of  air  mixed 
with  it.  The  heavier  water  surrounding 
the  pipe  forces  the  lighter  contents  up¬ 
ward  and  takes  its  place,  the  action  be¬ 
ing  continuous  as  long  as  the  jet  of  air 
is  allowed  to  flow.  The  action  is  similar 
to  a  natural  ventilating  system,  or  the 
circulation  of  water  in  a  heating  system, 
a  part  of  the  material  is  increased  in 
bulk  from  some  cause,  (heat  in  those 
two  cases)  and  being  increased  in  volume 
is  lighter  than  the  portion  that  has  not 
been  acted  upon  and  is  consequently 
forced  to  the  top. 
As  before  stated,  it  is  the  weight  of 
the  water  in  the  well  that  causes  the 
flow  from  the  top  of  the  pipe — not  the 
compressed  air.  The  air  is  used  simply 
to  increase  the  bulk  of.  and  therefore 
lighten,  the  water  in  the  pipe.  With  pipe  creating  too  much  friction.  R.  H.  s. 
this  in  mind  it  is  easily  seen  that  a  con-  - 
fiidomhlo  portion  of  .1,0  pipe  must  bo  onb-  TiIe  or  Ceroent  Waterpi 
merged  to  get  the  necessary  force  to  carry 
the  water  to  the  top.  The  amount  of  I  would  like  to  know  whether  tile  or 
,  ,b.  cement  pipe  would  do  for  a  line  pipe  for 
submergence  vnuts  with  the  lnf  a  water  main,  where  there  is  a  drop  of 
which  the  water  has  to  be  lifted  but  50  feet.  I  wish  to  use  four-inch  pipe, 
averages  about.  50%.  A  prominent  com-  and  the  cost  of  iron  pipes  for  the  dis- 
panv  gives  66%  as  the  proper  amount  ta nee  would  be  large.  E.  P.  T. 
1  ‘  nr.  r  ,1r/  Boston,  Mass, 
for  a  20-foot  lift  and  as  low  as  41% 
when  the  lift  reaches  a  height  of  500  Water  weighs  roughly  02%  pounds  per 
feet.  These  pumps  have  certain  advant-  cubic  foot,  hence  for  every  foot  in  depth 
ages,  among  which  are  the  absence  of  we  get  about  pne-half  pound  pressure 
valves  and  moving  parts  in  the  well,  and  per  square  inch,  .434  pounds  to  be  ex- 
the  fact,  that  they  can  be  operated  at  a  act.  In  a  pipe-line  having  a  drop  of  50 
distance  from  the  engine  and  compress-  feet  there  would  be  50x434  or21.  <  pounds 
or,  which  may  be  located  at  any  conveni-  pressure  per  square  inch  in  the  lower  end 
ent  point.  They  are  better  adapted,  wdien  the  outlet  WHS  dosed.  This  would 
however,  to  larger  installations  than  are  mean  that  with  a  pipe-line  having  an  in- 
usually  found  on  the  farm.  It  is  not  ternal  diameter  of  four  inches,  there 
always  possible  in  farm  wells  to  get  the  would  he  a  force  or  pressure  of  271 
degree  of  submergence  required,  and  the  pounds  trying  to  separate  the  joints  in 
cost  of  air  compressor  and  storage  tank  the  lower  lengths  of  pipe.  Because  of 
furnishes  another  check  on  their  use.  the  greater  surface  exposed  there  would 
,T.  B.  CYs  case  was  referred  to  a  nianu*  be  a  much  greater  force  than  this  tend- 
facturer  of  these  pumps.  He  said  in  ing  to  burst  the  pipe.  While  no  doubt  the 
substance  that  with  a  well  depth  of  250  tile  would  stand  the  bursting  strain  with- 
feet  and  an  inside  bore  of  six  inches,  a  out  splitting,  it  would  be  a  very  difficult 
pump  of  this  type  could  be  successfully  thing  to  prevent  leakage  through  the 
installed.  This  gives  60%  submergence  joints,  as  they  are  only  fastened  with 
when  the  well  is  pumped  down  100  feet,  cement.  Another  big  difficulty  would  be 
as  indicated  probable  by  J.  B.  C.  The  encountered  when  the  attempt  was  made 
water  could  be  discharged  from  the  pump  to  join  branch  lines,  faucets  and  other 
into  a  concrete  basin  on  “sump”  and  fixtures  to  the  lower  end  of  the  line, 
flow  to  the  milk  house  by  gravity.  Aside  where  the  pressure  would  of  course  be  the 
from  the  piping  the  necessary  outfit  would  greatest.  Iron  pipe,  although  eonsider- 
cost  about  $100  plus  the  freight.  This  is  ably  higher  in  first  cost,  will  give  the 
assuming  that  the  engine  spoken  of  is  best  results  in  places  where  the  pressure 
capable  of  driving  the  compressor,  which  is  ns  high  as  it  is  here.  R.  H.  s. 
will  require  about  one  horse  power,  in  - 
addition  to  its  other  duties.  Although  “Oir,  no,"  soliloquized  Johnny  bitterly ; 
rather  high  in  price  it  would  have  the  “there  ain’t  no  favorites  in.  this  family, 
advantage  of  convenience,  being  control!-  If  I  bite  my  finger  nails  I  get  a  imp  over 
able  from  the  point  where  the  engine  is  the  knuckles,  but  if  the  baby  eats  his 
located,  presumably  the  milk-house.  whole  foot  they  think  it’s  cute.” — Credit 
The  fact  that  a  windmill  is  spoken  of  Lost. 
No.  1  Cultivator 
The  Oliver  No.  1  cultiva¬ 
tor  is  of  the  seat  guide,  pa¬ 
rallel  gang  type. 
Since  the  gangs  are  held 
in  parallel  position  under  all 
conditions,  it  is  impossible  to 
swing  one  gang  aside,  leav¬ 
ing  a  row  of  uncultivated 
ground.  All  the  ground  is 
cultivated  and  narrow  strips 
of  weeds  are  not  left  to 
weaken  the  young  plants. 
The  weight  of  the  operator  is 
utilized  in  moving  the  gangs.  On 
hillside  work  the  weight  of  the 
operator  serves  to  keep  the  gangs 
working  up  the  slope  of  the^  hill. 
This  feature  makes  the  No.  1 
cultivator  very  easy  of  operation. 
It  is  possible  to  balance  the  No. 
1  cultivator  for  operators  of  dif¬ 
ferent  weight.  This  removes 
neckweight  from  the  horses. 
The  Xo.  4  cultivator  is  the 
same  as  the  No.  T  except  the 
axle  of  the  No.  4  is  set  in,  adapt¬ 
ing  it  for  work  in  very  narrow' 
row's. 
Ask  your  Oliver  dealer  to  show 
you  the  No.  1  or  No.  4  culti¬ 
vator  Tf  he  cannot,  write  us. 
You  will  appreciate  their  ease  of 
operation  and  the  good  work 
they  do. 
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