688 
Uhe  RURAL  N  E  W-  YORKER 
HOPE  FARM  NOTES 
Various  Questions. — They  come  pour¬ 
ing  in  from  all  sides,  and  cover  every  con¬ 
ceivable  line  of  human  endeavor.  Surely 
they  give  a  great  study  of  human  nature 
and  struggle : 
I  have  a  small  piece  of  land,  about  one- 
half  acre.  I  have  rye  on  it.  I  wish  to 
plow  if.  in  and  put  late  potatoes  on  it. 
Should  T  put  lime  with  the  rye?  The 
ground  is  not  very  rich. 
Do  not.  put  lime  where  you  are  to  plant 
potatoes.  That  is  the  first  "Don't”  in 
potato  culture.  Get  the  rye  under  and 
pack  it  down  hard  and  plant  the  potato 
seed  down  into  it.  If  you  have  it  to  spare 
drop  a  large  handful  of  good  chicken  ma¬ 
nure  on  top  of  each  potato  hill  and  work 
it  into  the  soil. 
Can  T  put  wheat  where  T  had  rye  this 
year,  or  is  it  better  to  seed  it  down  this 
year? 
The  objection  to  following  rye  with 
wheat  is  the  danger  of  mixing  the  grains. 
There  is  usually  a  volunteer  crop  of  rye. 
Some  of  the  grain  falls  on  the  ground  and 
some  plants  arc  left  to  mature.  This 
seeds  the  land  so  that  rye  and  wheat 
grow  and  w|e  harvested  together.  This 
mixture  injures  the  quality'  of  the  wheat. 
The  rye  is  often  difficult  to  clean  out  and 
you  cannot  get  first  price  for  the  grain.  I 
have  tried  to  make  this  clear  in  talking 
rye  ns  a  cover  crop.  On  farms  where 
wheat  is  grown  it.  will  usually  be  best  to 
use  wheat  for  the  cover  crop  and  leave 
out  the  rye.  although  the  latter  is  much 
better  for  cropping. 
An  old  pasture  was  sown  to  rye  last 
September,  clay  or  day  loam  soil,  rather 
low  in  fertility.  Rye  is  to  be  plowed  un¬ 
der  late  in  May.  What  shall  l  sow  to 
plow  down  again  in  August  to  sow  again 
with  rye?  Shall  seed  on  this  last  rye  to 
he  again  used  for  pasture.  p.  w.  s. 
Oilboa.  N.  Y. 
Buckwheat  is  the  best  Summer  grain 
for  making  a  quick  growth  in  hot  weath¬ 
er.  We  have  seeded  buckwheat  after  rye, 
and  had  a  solid  growth  over  ID, 4  feet  high 
to  plow  under  in  late  August.  Add  one 
pound  of  Cow-horn  turnip  seed  per  acre 
to  the  buck  wheat.  It  will  give  more  than 
enough  of  an  extra  crop  to  pay  for  seed 
and  labor. 
What  was  the  matter  with  your  R.  I. 
Red  hens  at  the  egg-laying  contest,  that 
they  flattened  out  so  for  a  few  weeks? 
S.  B.  E. 
I  learn  that  they  had  colds — some  sort 
of  now  disease,  quite  a  puzzle  to  the  man¬ 
ager.  Half  a  dozen  pens  or  more  had 
this  disease,  and  while  it  lasted  the  egg 
yield  was  cut  in  two.  My  birds  seemed  to 
lose  at  least  75  eggs  while  it  lasted,  and 
1  imagine  this  puts  them  out  of  the  race. 
They  are  hack  at;  work  again,  and  may 
catch  up.  The  blood  is  there,  but  a 
sneezer  is  seldom  a  winner. 
On  my  farm  I  have  a  gravel  hank 
sloping  to  the  north  at  an  angle  of  prob¬ 
ably  :10  to  -10  degrees.  At  present  it  is 
unsightly  from  the  highway.  Is  there 
some  plant,  clover  or  other  crop,  which  I 
could  get  started  in  this  sand  and  gravel 
slope?  T.  E.  o. 
Long  Islaud. 
Of  course  if  you  can  put  on  a  heavy 
coat  of  stable  manure  you  can  start  m 
with  any  crop.  The  soil  needs  humus  and 
lime  most  of  all.  To  build  it  up  slowly 
and  securely  I  should  plow  it  and  use 
lime  freely  and  sow  turnips.  In  June 
plow  or  spade  these  under  and  sow  buck¬ 
wheat  aud  Sweet  clover  with  a  light  seed¬ 
ing  of  rye  added,  and  use  a  good  fertil¬ 
izer.  The  buckwheat  will  die  at  frost 
and  the  rye  and  clover  will  come  on. 
Next  Spring  if  there  is  a  good  stand  of 
clover  clip  the  rye  aud  let  the  clover 
come.  If  there  is  a  poor  stand  plow  and 
Sow  a  mixture  of  Sweet  and  Alsike  clover. 
Will  you  answer  this  question?  A  said 
oxen  can  he  shod.  II  said  they  cannot. 
Who  wins  the  bet?  w.  H.  c. 
New  Jersey. 
Some  years  ago  the  Hope  Farm  man 
held  the  stakes  in  a  contest  of  this  sort 
and  was  nearly  burned  at  the  stake  in 
consequence.  All  bets  are  off  on  me,  but 
A  wins.  Every  New  England  boy.  conn- 
try  raised,  has  seen  oxen  shod.  The 
blacksmith’s  shop  had  a  sort  of  stall  or 
frame.  A  big  leather  apron  was  put  un¬ 
der  the  ox’s  stomach  and  by  means  of  a 
wiudlass  they  lifted  the  poor  kicking 
brute  off  his  feet.  As  lie  hung  there, 
helpless,  they  nailed  on  the  shoes.  He 
needed  them  on  the  rough  and  stony  roads. 
Surely  oxen  were  and  arc  yet  shod ! 
Owing  to  the  raise  in  steel,  iron  and 
other  materials,  we  blacksmiths  were 
forced  to  raise  the  price  of  shoeing  from 
$1.50  to  $2  for  new  shoes  and  from  75 
cents  to  $1  for  resetting.  Now  farmers 
have  bucked  against  all  this  and  our  organ¬ 
ization,  and  started  a  shop  of  their  own 
with  a  colored  man  as  smith  to  run  two 
other  shops  out  or  bring  them  down  to  the 
old  price.  F.  HL  TT. 
Pennsylvania. 
I  had  heard  something  of  this,  but  do 
not  know  the  particulars.  True  it  is 
that  farmers  everywhere  are  studying  to 
see  where  and  what  they  can  save  by 
combinations.  I  know  farmers  who  do 
most  of  their  own  blacksmith  work,  hut 
I  question  the  wisdom  of  letting  some 
amateur  take  the  job  of  shoeing  a  horse. 
It  looks  easy,  hut  a  horse's  feet  represent, 
about  his  entire  value,  and  I  would  rather 
have  some  expert  care  for  them.  At  the 
same  time  the  community  plan  of  doing 
blacksmith  work  is  sure  to  come — in  time 
— just  like  that  of  hiring  the  doctor. 
I  wish  everybody  could  read  your  com¬ 
mon  sense  article  on  sending  children  to 
college.  If  half  who  arc  now  there  could 
go  to  work  for  a  year  and  meet  with 
some  real  difficulties  in  life,  what  a  dif¬ 
ference  there'd  be  iu  the  class  room,  and 
in  fact  in  the  whole  college  atmosphere, 
both  while  they  wore  out  aud  upon  their 
return  I  A.  u.  GRAHAM- 
Perhaps  it  would  not  make  so  much 
difference  after  all.  for  most,  parents  think 
their  own  children  are  in  a  class  by  them¬ 
selves.  They  will  agree  that  your  plan  is 
all  right  for  the  Brown  or  the  Smith  chil¬ 
dren,  but  their  own  offspring  have  very 
superior  blood,  and  therefore  should  be 
handled  differently.  We  read  about  Spar¬ 
tan  mothers  and  call  them  great  charac¬ 
ters — when  they  try  their  arts  on  some 
one  else.  To  be  brought  up  under  the  eye 
of  one  of  these  stern  ladies  would  he  quite 
another  matter.  Too  many  children  are 
sent  to  college  just  because  their  young 
associates  go.  or  because  mother  and 
father  think  it  is  "the  thing  to  do.”  That 
seems  to  me  a  very  foolish  proposition. 
It  usually  spoils  the  boy  and  helps  spoil 
the  college  for.  without  question,  the  in¬ 
stitution  will  take  much  of  its  character 
from  the  ambitions  and  motives  of  the 
students.  That  should  not  he  true,  but 
it  is.  I  know  at  least  one  famous  college 
where  some  of  the  professors  are  so  crazy 
for  tobacco  that  they  let  out  one  class  10 
minutes  before  the  time  so  as  to  smoke  a 
couple  of  cigarettes  before  the  next  class 
comes  in.  A  fine  place  that  for  a  bov 
sent  to  college  without  incentive  or  ambi¬ 
tion.  What  will  he  learn  to  worship? 
Knowledge  or  truth?  No — a  cigarette! 
Some  30  years  ago  a  young  man  went 
through  Southern  Michigan  at  school 
houses  and  churches  speaking  pieces  and 
giving  lectures  on  phrenology.  I  am  told 
that  this  was  the  Hope  Farm  man!  Is 
that  report  correct?  «T.  A.  II. 
I  have  always  thought  it.  host  to  let 
sleeping  dogs  lie,  hut  I  must  plead  guilty 
to  “speaking  pieces”  in  that  section.  It 
is  true  that  while  I  was  working  through 
college  I  taught  school  and  put  in  two 
nights  a  week  giving  “entertainments.” 
The  “pieces”  I  spoke  were  clean.  They 
made  people  laugh,  and  once  iu  a  while 
some  susceptible  person  cried.  No  man 
can  say  he  never  got  his  money’s  worth 
(except  perhaps  myself),  because  there 
was  no  charge.  They  just  passed  the  hat 
around  aud  very  few  of  those  farmers 
ever  cheated  themselves  at  a  free  show. 
Sometimes  a  very  large  share  of  the 
coins  were  pennies,  and  I  have  known 
buttons  to  be  thrown  in.  but  as  a  philos¬ 
opher  always  concluded  that  the  hire  was 
generally  worthy  of  the  laborer.  As  to 
leeturiug  on  phrenology,  I  shall  plead 
“Not  guilty !”  though  the  evidence  may  he 
against  me.  I  must  confess  that  in  those 
days  I  did  pretend  to  tell  something  of 
character  and  ability  by  “folding  heads.” 
I  could  usually  tell  much  about  a  per¬ 
son’s  inclinations  by  the  shape  of  the 
head  and  face,  the  eye,  and  the  way  they 
walked,  but  I  greatly  fear  that  an  ex¬ 
pert  in  phrenology  would  call  me  a  fake 
and  want  me  shown  up  as  such.  How¬ 
ever.  I  think  we  gave  those  people  good 
advice,  and  they  contributed  a  button  or  a 
dime  as  they  saw  fit — so  no  great  harm 
was  done.  Next  tiling  you  know  some 
one  will  go  raking  in  the  Hope  Farm 
man’s  past  and  make  him  tell  how,  as  a 
book  agent,  he  sold  a  book  to  a  blind 
man.  n.  w.  c. 
April  29,  1916, 
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