&/>e  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
741 
Long  Experience  at  Top-Working  Apples 
Result  With  Apples  and  Cherries 
IN  regard  to  the  question  of  top-grafting  young 
apple  trees,  which  was  answered  by  F.  II.  Ballou 
in  your  issue  of  April  S,  I  think  I  have  some  ex¬ 
periences  and  some  facts  that  will  lie  of  interest  to 
the  readers  of  Tiik  R.  N.-Y.  1  now  have  a  cherry 
tree  in  my  yard  that  l  whip-grafted  over  CO  years 
ago,  which  is  still  bearing,  but  being  kept  more  for 
a  curiosity  than  anything  else.  Asa  boy  I  put  grafts 
in  sprouts  that  came  up  in  my  father’s  back  yard, 
and  this  one  grew  and  of  course  had  a  special  in¬ 
terest  for  me. 
I  did  more  or  less  grafting  for  a  number  of  years, 
until  1  began  growing  fruit  commercially  25  years 
ago.  and  since  then  have  done  or  looked  after  con¬ 
siderable,  both  cleft  and  whip-grafting.  We  have 
a  young  orchard  set  three  years  ago  this  Spring  with 
100  Northern  Spy  and  150  Tolnutn  Sweets,  as  good 
even  two-year-old  trees  as  we  could  get.  We  set 
them  about  the  12th  or  151b  of  April;  after  about 
a  week  when  the  sap  began  to  flow,  we  whip-grafted 
them,  putting  in  from  three  to  six  scions  to  the  tree. 
We  cut  the  scions  just  a  day  or  two  before,  and  of 
different  sizes,  so  that  we  could  u>e  the  same  size 
as  the  stock  on  which  it  was  grafted.  These  trees 
today  are  as  nice  thrifty  a  lot  as  we  have  ever 
grown,  and  I  think  larger  than  if  they  had  not  been 
grafted,  and  have  some  fruit  buds  on  this  .Spring. 
What  led  me  first  to  try  this  method  was  that  we 
are  growing  a  good  many  Tompkins  Co.  Kings,  and 
I  bad  observed  that  the  King  was  short-lived  when 
budded  on  the  root,  and  the  trouble  always  seemed 
tu  occur  between  that  and  the  limbs,  and  that  when ' 
grafted  on  the  limbs  they  were  long-lived.  I  had 
a  small  orchard  of  about  15  King  apple 
trees  set  about  00  years  ago  and  one  of 
them  proved  to  be  a  Toltnan  Sweet  which 
was  later  grafted  to  King,  that  today  Is 
a  strong  vigorous  tree,  while  there  ts 
only  one-half  of  one  tree  of  the  others 
left.  1  have  now  20  trees  25  years  old 
deft-grafted  on  Northern  Spy  stock  that 
are  all  fine,  and  another  block  of  75  trees 
14  years  old  which  were  cleft-grafted  on 
the  limbs,  that  are  bearing  fine  crops, 
about  half  of  them  annually,  and  one  tree 
in  the  same  block  10  years  old  that  was 
whip-grafted  is  as  large  as  the  14  year- 
old  trees. 
We  are  growing  Tompkins  Co.  King  be¬ 
cause  it  is  one  of  the  best  apples  grown, 
and  cannot  be  beaten  by  any  western 
stock  when  wrapped  and  boxed,  and  they 
grow  well  here.  We  are  only  six  miles 
from  where  the  original  King  apple  tree 
grew  at  Jacksonville,  Pumpkins  Co.,  N. 
V.  My  20  trees  are  only  twice  removed 
from  the  original  trees,  and  the  75  trees 
only  three  times. 
In  whip-grafting  you  have  six  chances 
for  the  scion  to  grow  to  one  in  deft- 
grat'tiag.  We  lost  only  20  scions  in  about 
1.200.  and  most  of  these  were  knocked  out  by  the 
horses.  There  is  no  chance  for  the  water  to  get  in 
and  rot  the  limb,  as  in  cleft-grafting. 
('left-grafting  will  usually  cheek  the  growth  of 
the  tree  for  one  year.  It  also  largely  does  away 
with  the  unsightliness  of  a  tree  where  either  the 
stock  or  scion  outgrow  the  other.  We  prefer  Tol- 
man  Sweet  stock  to  work  and  Northern  Spy  next 
best.  We  would  not  use  Ben  Davis  for  any  grafting. 
Beu  and  Keiffer  are  pretty  good  money  makers 
alone,  but  not  very  companionable  with  their  betters. 
1  have  had  experience  with  both.  We  are  experi¬ 
menting  now  with  whip-grafting  sweet  cherries  on 
the  sweet  cherry  stock  we  find  around  the  fences — 
they  grow  well  and  some  have  set  fruit-buds  this 
year. 
At  left  side  of  the  picture  is  shown  one  of  the 
limbs  that  was  grafted  three  years  ago.  The  scion 
was  King  and  the  stock  Toltnan  Sweet.  The  twig 
at  right  shows  the  blossom  Imils  left  on  (lie  tree.  The 
two  center  sticks  are  samples  ol  cherries  we  are 
grafting  today.  We  have  tried  wrapping  with  yarn 
before  putting  on  the  wax  and  wrapping  with  doth 
after  being  waxed,  but  have  abandoned  both.  The 
work  is  done  very  rapidly.  r,  h.  king. 
Tompkins  County,  N.  Y. 
Hydrated  Lime  and  Sulphur  Spray 
. 
•  t  *  '  "  % 
■■■ ' 
_ 
quently  bear  complaints,  as  it  varies  greatly  in  not  give  off  heat  in  the  same  way.  but  simply  mixes 
strength,  and  there  seems  to  be  no  standard  for  or  thoroughly  dissolves  through  the  water, 
making  it  of  uniform  quality.  As  we  all  under-  Now  in  making  this  new  spray  material,  tlie  hy- 
staud,  the  self-boiling  is  produced  by  the  heat  of  d rated  lime  and  the  sulphur  are  mixed  together, 
the  quicklime  in  slaking.  This  quick  or  lump  lime  A  small  amount  of  boiling  water  turns  them  into 
is  put  into  a  barrel  with  the  sulphur,  then  when  a  paste.  More  boiling  water  is  poured  upon  this 
water  is  added  the  lime  slakes  and  of  course  con-  paste,  and  the  whole  thing  thoroughly  stirred  for  a 
siderable  heat  is  produced,  enough  to  make  the  short  time  and  then  cooled.  Thus  the  heat  is  ap- 
water  boil.  It  looks  easy,  but  judgment  is  required  plied  through  the  boiling  water,  and  not  through 
the  slaking  of  the  lime  as  in  the  old  process.  This 
puts  the  heat  under  control,  and  just  enough  of  the 
cooking  is  done  to  give  the  desired  effect  in  the  in¬ 
secticide.  and  no  more.  The  result  is  a  uniform 
mixture  of  (lie  strength  required  fur  doing  the 
work.  In  a  general  way  tlie  new  mixture  is  made 
as  here  indicated.  Tlie  hydrated  lime  .should  be 
fresh,  and  of  good  material.  The  following  direc¬ 
tions  are  given  for  mixing  the  sulphur  and  time 
and  adding  the  water: 
In  making  up  the  spray  the  sulphur  and  hydrated 
lime  should  be  sieved  after  mixing  them  and  before 
adding  the  boiling  water.  Do  not  alloir  the  ini.rture  to 
atand  more  than  fire  minutes  after  adding  the  boiling 
water  before  cooling  bg  adding  cold  water.  Use  eight 
A  Pair  of  Imperial  Progressives.  Fig.  27_  pounds  of  sulphur,  eight  pounds  hydrated  lime  and  eight 
,  gallons  boiling  water  and  stir  for  five  minutes,  then 
to  know  when  to  stop  this  boiling,  as  this  is  one  (.dd  cold  water  at  once.  This  spray  must  be  kept  tlior- 
of  tlie  cases  where  the  heat  production  is  not  under  ougbly  agitated  while  spraying. 
control.  The  self-boiled  material  Is  excellent  as  a  Tlie  eight  pounds  each  of  sulphur  and  lime  are 
Summer  spray,  but  we  know  of  a  number  of  grow-  enough  for  50  gallons  of  spray,  th.ir  is  after  five 
ers  who  have  given  it  up  because  at  various  times  minutes  of  cooking  in  the  eight  gallons  of  boiling 
the  boiling  went  too  far,  and  produced  a  mixture  water,  42  gallons  of  cold  water  will  be  added  so 
which  burnt,  or  bit  the  foliage.  that  we  have  the  desired  strength  for  the  final 
Now  comes  an  improvement  in  this  self-boiled  spraying.  This  form  of  spray  has  been  thoroughly 
mixture.  Bulletin  210  of  tlie  Virginia  Experiment  used  in  Virginia,  and  thoroughly  worked  out  in  tlie 
station  at  Blacksburg  is  written  by  G.  C.  Stareher,  laboratory,  and  we  are  told  that  side  by  side  with 
the  assistant  horticulturist.  He  gives  the  full  par-  the  self-boiled  lime-sulphur  it  has  given  thoroughly 
ticulars  regarding  a  new  spray  for  tlie  stone  fruits,  good  results,  quite  equal  to  the  other  mixture.  In 
Virginia  three  or  four  sprayings  with 
this  mixture  are  advised.  The  first 
should  be  given  when  tlie  shucks  fall,  as 
was  shown  in  the  picture  printed  last 
week.  This  spraying  is  intended  for 
brown  rot,  scab,  and  curculio.  In  order 
to  kill  the  insect  one  pound  of  the  pow¬ 
dered,  or  two  pounds  of  the  lead  arsen¬ 
ate  paste  will  be  added  to  tlie  50  gallons. 
A  second  spraying  two  weeks  later  with 
the  same  materials  will  usually  pay. 
Then  one  month  before  tlie  fruit  ripens 
the  hydrated  liiuo  and  sulphur  alone  may 
be  used,  and  two  or  three  weeks  later  to 
take  care  of  the  late  varieties.  While 
further  experiments  will  be  made  at  tlie 
Virginia  Station  to  prove  this  material, 
it  seems  to  be  very  promising,  and  weli 
worthy  of  trial. 
Spreading  Lime  by  Hand 
A  Dusty  Job 
I  have  about  two  tons  of  raw  limp  to  sow 
on  oat  ground  this  Spring  that  I  am  to  seed 
to  clover.  How  is  it  best  to  sow?  We  have 
no  lime  distributor  in  this  vicinity.  I  want 
King  on  Totman  Wliip-gralted  Fruit  Buds  K’  8®t  time  OU  IIS  e\enl,V  US  I  CUU  to  gi\C  it 
Stock  Cherries  on  King  graft  a  fair  trial.  My  heavy  day  land  heaves 
clover  out  in  the  Spring  after  snow  is  goue. 
which  is  made  from  hydrated  lime  and  sulphur.  We  Would  lime  help  that  any?  If  not  what  would? 
must  first  get  a  clear  idea  of  the  difference  between  Nf“"  K 
,  .  ,  .  ,  ..  rr,  t~>EFORE  we  bought  a  lime  spreader  we  put  on 
quick  or  stone  lime,  and  hydrated  lime.  To  pre-  I— C 
e  .  .  ..  .  J— t  the  lime  by  hand.  It  is  a  mean  job.  much 
pare  the  latter  the  lumps  of  qiuck-Uuie  are  ground  .  ,  _ 
c  ,  ....  .  .  .  .  ,  dreaded  by  the  workmen.  On  a  windy  day  dust  gets 
to  a  fine  powder.  This  powder  is  worked  through  a  . 
.  ,  .  ,  .  ..  „  .  into  the  eyes  and  nose,  and  is  very  disagreeable, 
tube,  and  during  its  passage  a  very  fine  spray  of 
A  Pair  of  Imperial  Progressives.  Fig.  272 
to  know  when  to  stop  this  boiling,  as  this  is  one 
of  tlie  cases  where  the  Heat  production  is  not  under 
control.  The  self-boiled  material  Is  excellent  as  a 
Summer  spray,  but  we  know  of  a  number  of  grow¬ 
ers  who  have  given  it  up  because  at  various  times 
the  boiling  went  too  far,  and  produced  a  mixture 
which  burnt,  or  bit  the  foliage. 
Now  comes  an  improvement  in  this  self-boiled 
mixture.  Bulletin  210  of  tlie  Virginia  Experiment 
Station  at  Blacksburg  is  written  by  G.  C.  Stareher. 
tlie  assistant  horticulturist.  He  gives  the  full  par¬ 
ticulars  regarding  a  new  spray  for  tlie  stone  fruits, 
King  on  Tolman 
Slock 
Whip-grafted 
Cherries 
Fruit  Buds 
on  King  graft 
'V'-'  ■*m 
!  *  ,  C>#;« 
■Hi#  - 
9 
WE  have  had  a  number  of  references  to  what 
is  known  as  home-boiled  lime-sulphur  mix¬ 
ture.  Reference  was  made  to  it  last  week,  with  a 
picture  of  young  peaches  ready  to  spray  for  tlie 
brown  rot.  In  some  parts  of  tlie  country  this  home- 
boiled  preparation  is  extensively  used,  but  we  fre- 
must  first  get  a  clear  idea  of  the  difference  between  ■Nf“"  '  ,  1  •  K 
.  ...  i •  ...  t~>EFORE  we  bought  a  lime  spreader  we  put  on 
quick  or  stone  lime,  and  hydrated  lime.  To  pre-  I— c 
„  .  ,  ..  .  1—J  the  lime  by  hand.  It  is  a  mean  job.  much 
pare  tlie  latter  the  lumps  of  quick- liuie  are  ground  , 
c  ,  ....  .  .  .  .  ,  dreaded  by  tHe  workmen.  On  a  windy  day  dust  gets 
to  a  fine  powder.  I  Ins  powder  is  worked  through  a  . 
.  .  .  ,  .  ..  .into  the  eyes  and  nose,  and  ts  very  disagreeable, 
tube,  and  during  its  passage  a  very  fine  spray  of  ,,  , 
After  considerable  study  and  experiment  we  cou- 
- -rzn  eluded  that  the  quickest  aud  the  most  agreeable 
way  was  to  spread  from  the  back  of  a  wagon. 
Lime  was  dumped  into  the  body  of  the  wagon 
with  a  boy  to  drive  against  the  wind.  The  spread¬ 
er  sat  or  stood  in  tlie  back  of  the  wagon  with  a 
shovel  and  as  the  wagon  passed  slowly  on  he  threw 
-•  out  the  lime  by  the  shovelful,  giving  a  wide  sweep 
■r  swing  as  he  threw  it,  and  aiming  ajt  the  ground. 
With  the  wind  blowing  a  space  about  20  feet  wide 
ar  could  be  covered  in  this  way  by  a  little  practice, 
lifp  and  tlie  time  dust  was  largely  blown  away  from  the 
-prouder.  We  have  spread  tlie  lime  by  hand  ex- 
actlv  the  same  as  sowing  fertilizer  or  seed,  but  this 
'tV!;  work  from  tlie  back  of  the  wagon  was  quicker  and 
-'v*!')  easier.  It  is  a  good  thing  for  the  spreader  to  wear 
goggles  and  a  mufiler  over  his  mouth.  The  face  and 
.  '•■•!  •  the  inside  of  the  nostrils  may  be  smeared  with  vase- 
,,  line  to  prevent  danger  from  the  lime.  Of  course 
Hydrated  Lime  and  ouSpiiur  Spray  on  Llbcrta  Peaches,  rig.  274  „ 
the  ground  limestone  is  runeli  more  comfortable  to 
water  plays  upon  it.  As  a  result  every  grain  or  , ro.-i cl.  and  this  work  is  often  done  by  putting  the 
atom  of  this  tine  lime  is  touched  by  water  and  thus  nine  into  a  manure  spreader.  Fix  it  so  as  to  bold 
thoroughly  slaked,  quite  unlike  the  ordinary  slaked  lime  properly,  and  with  an  apron  or  an  attach- 
liiue  or  the  quicklime,  lias  water  takes  the  bite  ment  behind  to  give  a  wider  track  behind  the 
out  of  it,  makes  it  as  fine  as  dust,  easy  to  handle,  spreader.  With  a  little  study,  and  gauging  the  ma¬ 
il  ui  form  in  quality,  and  still  thoroughly  effective.  thiue  [iroliei-iy,  tlie  lime  can  be  put  on  in  this  way 
Of  course,  when  this  hydrated  lime  is  put  into  quite  easily.  Lime  usually  helps  heavy  laud,  but 
water,  there  is  no  such  effect  as  comes  from  the  the  heaving  out  of  clover  is  often  tlie  result  of  poor 
quicklime.  The  latter  instantly  slakes  or  gives  off  drainage,  and  of  course  if  that  is  the  trouble  you 
heat.  The  hydrated  lime  is  already  slaked,  does  cannot  expect  that  lime  will  entirely  preveut  it. 
Hydrated  Lime  and  Sulphur  Spray  on  Elborta  Peaches.  Fig.  274 
