G»e  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
755 
fed  the  following  amounts  of  grain  in 
the  order  given  : 
lbs. 
Provender  (ground  oats,  peas  and 
barley)  and  bran... .  155 
Wheat  middlings  .  276 
Ground  barley  and  shorts .  431 
Ground  barley  and  cornmeal .  477 
Total  grain  . 1339 
The  use  of  such  a  variety  of  feeds  was 
not  premeditated.  We  used  whatever 
grains  we  had  on  hand  at  the  time;  the 
general  plan  being  to  supply  plenty  of 
bone  and  muscle-forming  material,  such 
as  we  find  in  oats,  peas,  bran,  shorts  and 
middlings,  until  the  pigs  were  fairly  well 
grown  ;  and  then  to  finish  off  with  more 
fattening  foods,  such  as  corn  and  barley. 
The  grain  was  all  wet  up  with  water  and 
what  skim-milk  there  was,  and  allowed 
to  soak  for  several  hours,  before  feeding. 
The  mash  was  made  thick,  as  we  don’t 
like  to  force  pigs  to  swallow  a  lot  of 
cold  water  in  cold  weather.  Whenever  I 
see  pigs  fed  a  watery  slop.  I  think  of 
the  hound  in  the  fable  who  tried  to  drink 
a  lake  dry  in  order  to  get  at  a  bone 
which  he  saw  at  the  bottom.  On  the 
fourth  of  February  the  pigs  were  sold, 
the  lot  weighing  755  pounds,  having 
gained  550  pounds  in  the  78  days — an 
average  of  1.76  pounds  per  day  for  each 
pig.  Dividing  the  total  amount  of  grain 
fed  (1.339  pounds)  by  the  gain  in 
weight  of  the  pigs  (550  pounds)  we  find 
that  2.4Ii  pounds  of  grain  were  required 
to  make  one  pound  of  pork.  Comparing 
these  figures  with  those  quoted  from 
Prof.  Henry,  it  is  very  evident  that  the 
small  amount  of  skim-milk  which  was 
fed  was  responsible  for  a  large  part  of 
the  gain  in  weight.  In  other  words, 
something  over  1.000  pounds  of  grain 
was  saved  by  the  skim-milk,  if  Prof. 
Henry’s  figures  are  taken  as  a  basis  for 
comparison.  It  seems  to  be  that  when 
skim-milk  is  fed  in  this  way  it  has  a 
fpeding  value  over  and  above  what  its  an¬ 
alysis  would  show.  It  certainly  adds  to 
the  palatahility  of  a  ration,  and  I  am  in¬ 
clined  to  think  that  its  presence  adds  to 
the  digestibility  of  the  other  foods  with 
which  it  is  given.  C.  S.  MOORE. 
Quebec. 
Varying  Cream  Test 
Would  you  give  difference  in  weight 
of  milk  and  cream?  Also,  some  infor¬ 
mation  on  the  variation  of  cream  test¬ 
ing:  that  is.  why  cream  one  day  may  be 
say  22  per  cent.,  the  next  24.  nr  more  or 
less  without  a  eliang?  of  cream  screw? 
Do  you  think  it  would  be  in  the  milk?  It 
is  claimed  that  test  of  milk  does  not 
change.  W.  J.  M. 
Bealeton.  Va. 
A  quart  of  milk  weighs  2.15  lbs.  A 
quart  of  10.  20.  30  and  40  per  cent,  cream 
weighs  2.11.  2.10.  2.07  and  1.015  respec¬ 
tively. 
In  running  a  separator  under  farm  con¬ 
ditions.  one  could  hardly  expect  to  got  the 
same  tost  at  the  creamery  day  in  and  day 
out.  Particularly  is  this  true  if  the  ma¬ 
chine  is  run  by  hand.  I  cau  give  you 
some  of  the  common  causes  for  a  varia¬ 
tion  in  the  per  cent,  of  fat  in  separator 
cream  when  the  cream  screw  remains  con¬ 
stant.  From  these  causes  you  can  doubt¬ 
less  conclude  as  to  why  the  variation  in 
your  cream  occurs. 
1  Speed  of  the  separator. 
2  Temperature  of  milk  when  separ¬ 
ated. 
3.  Rate  of  inflow  into  machine. 
4.  Amount  of  flush  water  used. 
5.  Richness  of  milk  separated 
Of  all  the  above  factors,  speed  is  most 
important.  A  separator  is  made  to  give 
good  results  only  when  run  at  a  certain 
speed  usually  stated  on  the  handle.  If 
the  handle  is  turned  too  slow  a  low  test¬ 
ing  cream  and  a  high-testing  raw  milk 
result.  This  is  simply  because  there  is 
not  enough  whirling  force  generated  to 
the  separating.  Turning  at  too  high  a 
speed  gives  a  higher-testing  cream  and 
results  in  a  wear  and  tear  on  man  and 
machine. 
A  lower  temperature  of  the  milk  at 
time  of  separation  on  one  day  than  all¬ 
ot  tier  will  cause  a  richer  cream. 
The  rate  of  inflow  into  the  machine  is 
usually  controlled  by  a  float  and  faucet, 
and  variations  due  to  this  cause  are  not 
as  common.  Should  one  forget  to  open 
the  faucet  wide  the  result  would  be  a 
thicker  cream. 
The  amount  of  flush  water  or  skim- 
milk  used  should  be  constant.  The  cream 
is  thinned  to  a  certain  extent  by  the  flush 
water,  and  might  lie  thinned  more  one 
day  than  another. 
The  cream  from  a  6  per  cent,  milk  will 
be  about  twice  as  rich  as  that  from  a  3 
per  cent.  milk.  8uch  variations  of  course 
are  not  apt  to  occur  from  day  to  day  in 
herd  milk,  but  might  explain  a  variation 
from  one  end  of  lactation  to  other. 
The  fact  that  yuu  bad  less  cream  when 
the  test  was  the  highest  would  indicate 
that  some  one  or  combinations  of  the  fac¬ 
tors  must  be  the  cause  of  (lie  variation  in 
test  and  not  the  testing.  I  should  advise 
you  to  have  the  skim-milk  tested  occa¬ 
sionally.  as  herein  can  often  be  found  the 
cause  of  the  variation  in  the  test  of  the 
cream,  and  one  finds  out  Whether  he  is 
feeding  fat  away  in  the  skim-milk. 
«.  H.  F.  j. 
Silo  on  Seven-acre  Farm 
We  have  a  reader  in  Michigan  who 
keeps  two  cows.  He  wants  to  know  if  it 
will  pay  him  to  build  a  silo  on  a  seven- 
acre  farm  to  feed  these  cows.  Under  the 
circumstances  it  would  not  pay.  An  acre 
or  so  of  mangels  or  carrots  would  pay 
better  in  providing  green  fodder  for  the 
cattle.  This  man  also  wants  to  know  if 
he  could  not  cut  carrots  and  cornstalks 
into  a  small  silo,  and  push  them  down  so 
as  to  make  a  form  of  silage  for  his  Win¬ 
ter  feeding.  It  is  not  likely  that  the  stalks 
and  carrots  would  keep  well  in  such  a 
place,  unless  good  deal  of  water  were 
added.  The  labor  involved  in  chopping 
the  carrots  and  corn  would  not  make  it  a 
paying  proposition.  An  acre  of  Alfalfa 
well  started  would  give  green  feed  during 
the  Summer  for  the  cattle,  so  as  to  save 
pasture,  while  half  ati  acre  of  mangels 
would  provide  a  root  crop  for  one  feed¬ 
ing.  The  surplus  of  the  Alfalfa  not 
needl'd  for  green  feed  could  of  course  be 
cut  for  hay.  It  is  not  likely  that  a  silo 
under  ordinary  conditions  can  be  made 
to  pay  for  less  than  five  or  six  cows. 
The  Sale  of  Silage 
The  silage  sold  at  auction  as  reported 
in  my  letter  on  page  700  was  bought  by 
a  man  living  about  2J/2  miles  away  from 
the  silo.  I  am  selling  for  $5  to  a  man 
who  is  three  miles  away,  and  he  has  none 
too  good  a  road  to  haul  it  over.  lie 
gets  a  double  box  wagon  load  once  each 
week.  His  loads  average  about  one  ton. 
" Woodcrest  Farms"  arc  selling  silage  for 
$3.50  per  ton  to  a  number  of  farmers, 
I  have  been  told,  who  live  from  one  to 
three  miles  away.  I  understand  they 
have  about  100  tons  to  sell  this  way. 
They  draw  the  silage  as  wanted.  I 
bought  silage  one  year,  and  I  found  that 
after  it  had  been  hauled  out.  and  in  the 
wagon  and  silo  at  the  end  of  48  hours 
it  began  to  sour  at  this  time  of  year. 
In  the  Winter,  with  colder  weather,  it 
kept  longer.  The  sale  of  silage,  I  be¬ 
lieve,  is  limited  to  those  who  can  feed 
a  load  of  silage  every  three  days  now 
and  perhaps  every  four  days  in  the  Win¬ 
ter.  Perhaps  it  could  be  dried  like  brew¬ 
ers’  grains.  But  the  silage  is  too  scat¬ 
tered  to  warrant  the  erection  of  a  drier 
which  could  dry  economically. 
J.  E.  HASBROUCK,  JR. 
Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. 
R.  N.-Y. — We  have  heard  of  cases 
where  silage  was  sold  for  regular  deliv¬ 
ery  in  small  lots.  It  was  bought  mostly 
by  owners  of  family  cows  in  a  com¬ 
munity  of  small  farms  or  gardens.  It 
was  sold  in  bags  about  150  pounds  at  a 
time  and  delivered  regularly  by  auto 
truck.  The  usual  trouble  is  that  after 
three  or  four  days  in  Winter  the  silage 
goes  wrong.  The  steamed  or  cooked  sil¬ 
age  recently  described  by  Mr.  Funk  ought 
to  do  better. 
W i. STAR :  ‘‘Do  you  realize  that  students 
work  less  in  February  than  in  any  other 
month  of  the  year?”  Beechwood  :  “How 
is  that?”  Wistar :  "Because  it’s  the 
shortest  month.”' — Punch  Bowl. 
Prevent  Sickness  by 
Destroying  Foul  Odors 
Not  only  your  family  but  your  stock  are  liable 
to  contract  disease  through  foul  odors  arising 
from  sinks,  drains,  garbage  cans,  outhouses. 
During  hot  weather  disinfect  these  things 
and  places  thoroughly  with 
Dr.  Hess  Dip  and 
Disinfectant 
This  old  reliable  preparation  kills  disease 
germs  and  foul  odors  and  will  keep  your 
home  and  farm  clean  and  sweet. 
Use  it  for  dipping  and  spraying  your  bogs, 
sheep,  cattle  and  horses.  It  kills  lice,  ticks  on 
sheep,  scab  and  other  parasitic  skin  troubles. 
Good  for  cleansing  wounds,  cuts.  etc. 
1 -Gallon  Can,  $1.00  (except  In  Canada  and  the  far 
West);  k  mailer  pUgn.  as  low  aa  25c,  In  pint  bottles, 
Quart,  half-gallon.  gallon  cans  and  barrels.  The 
household  size  has  a  handy  take-oft-and-put-on 
stopper.  „  _ 
Dr.  Hess  Fly  Chaser 
Doesn't  gum,  color  or  blister.  Makes  stock  com¬ 
fortable.  At  your  local  dealer's. 
DR.  HESS  &  CLARK.  Ashland.  Ohio 
Her  name  is  ‘■Daisy1'  and  her  owner,  W.  A. 
Riddle,  of  Chapin.  Iowa,  rajs-id  her  era  Elatchford'a 
Calf  Meal,  which  casts  less  than  half  as  much  as  milk. 
Blatchford’s  Calf  Meal 
A  useful  pre  Veil  Live  of  scouring.  Calves 
raised  "Tho  Ulntchford's  Way"  arc  heavier,  bigger- 
boned  and  healthier.  Rno,vn  ns  the  complete  milk 
substitute  since  tho  year  I >75.  Sold  by  your  dealer 
or  direct  from  the  manufacturer. 
Blatchford's  Pig  Meal  insures  rapid,  sturdy  growth 
of  young  pigs  »t  weaning  time.  Prevents  se.buck. 
See  Actual  Figures  ™&-*st0"h£ 
you  how  to  increase  your  caU  profits.  Write  today. 
Blalchforii  fail  Mc.il  furtory,  Pent.  54  Wankcgan.  Illinois 
HORSES 
Registered  Percheron  Stallion  sIiV  sTunM 
good  conformation.  E  W.  THOMPSON,  factoryville,  Pa. 
ForSale— Road  orBroodMare  „tark 
Rev.  C.  TURNER  -  Newfield,  N.  Y, 
MORGAN  HORSES  FOR  SALE. 
Suitable  for  ridbijr,  driving  and  breeding  purpose# 
C.  C.  STJLLMAVj,  165  Broadway.  Mew  York. 
COR  SALE— One  Registered  l’erclieron  Stallion 
1  Grey,  three  years  old,  sound  and  right  in  every 
way.  Has  size  and  quality  and  can  win  in  any  shew 
ring.  Weight,  1,900.  Photo  and  description  on  re¬ 
quest.  ARDMORE  FARM.  P  0.  Glen  Spey.  Sullivan  Co  N  Y 
Highland  View  Stock  Farm 
Onr  barns  are  filled  with  the  best  Percheron  and 
Belgians  at  the  lowest  prices. 
0.  N.  WILSON,  Prop.,  -  Kittanning,  Pa. 
Pay*  The 
Freight  & 
Buyer*  fare 
offers  more  Stallinus  oi  service¬ 
able  age  bv  the  tttl.UUOChauipioo 
C A  U NOT  (lillGOC)  than  does  any 
other  breeder  In  America  For 
Perchorons.  Belgians,  Holstein 
Cattle  nr  Shetland  Ponies,  write 
forest.  Pricesrlgltt  Tennstosuit. 
A.  W.  GREEN. 
Mtddlefleld,  Ohm  K  R.  Station, 
East  Orwell.  O.  on  Penno.  R.  R, 
SWINE 
IMPROVE  YOUR  HERD 
Buy  5-months-okt  Chester  White  boars  now  for  fall 
service  Cholera  immunized  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
Morell  Smith,  Supt  Man  basset,  L*ng  Islind.N  Y. 
Of*  1 C  Bred  or  open  Gilts.  Boar*. 
•  ®  Spi  inf  Pigs.  Pairs  not  a-kin. 
KETNER  FARMS  Baltimore,  Ohio 
PFnifiRFFn  c  WHITE  AND  0  I  C  SWINE.  Brood  sows. 
rLUiuii£i.u  serv-)Ce  boars  and  pigs  Reg  Free, 
ENTERPRISE  0A1RY  f  ARM  John  L  Vsa  Ham.  Prap  ,  Troy.  P*. 
Chester  Whites  and  Guernseys 
ELMER  0.  WHISLER,  Twin  Brook  Farm,  Newville,  Penn'a 
I'HIROf’’  P I  Q— $lfi  pair.  Farm  for  sale, 
U  VJ  RUG  r  SEREN0  0. WEEKS, De  Grsif,  0 
CTIELDO.N  FARM  REGISTERED  DCROCS 
*  Pies  of  both  sex.  Bred  sows  Service  boars. 
Best  of  breeding  C.  E.  BARNES,  Oxford,  N.Y. 
-Tho  New  Vork  Farmers 
hug.  Wo  have  some  very 
nice  young  gilts  ready  to 
breed  and  wo  are  now  booking  orders  for  pies  for 
spring  delivery .  For  particulars  address  The  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Animal  Husbandry.  Cornell  University,  Ithaca  N  Y. 
Cheshires 
RIDGEL.Y  manor  FARM  Chester  Whites  Sfirv,0,,ll(>;ira 
to  son  of  “  Wildwood  Prince  '  No.  28531. 
anil  gilts  bred 
ST0NI  RIDGE,  N  » 
DOGS  and  FERRETS  .*. 
rni  I  IF  P//PC— The  intelligent  kind.  Write 
LLI  L  rUrJ  Xeiaon  ISrox.,  Grove  City.  Pa 
“Glenaire  Kennels  Registered”  aVrroaue 
PUPPIESof  quality  from  prize  winners  Sharp 
watchdogs,-  best  of  ratters;  bred  for  intelligence, 
K.  F.  D.  -  Caldwell,  N.  J. 
Till!  1C  DHMC— k’hoiee  lot  ready  for  service. 
IUIiIw  UHlYlV  Also  M  u  1  e  -  f  oot  H  og  8. 
- —  Write  for  literatureand  price* 
to  J  N  McPherson.  Pres.  A  T  S.  B.  Assn  Scollsville.  N.Y. 
SWINE 
LEE  PREMIER’S  RIVAL 
Branford  Hopeful  Lee  5th 
Invincible  Rival’s  Last  and  Invincible 
Rival’s  Successor  head  our  herd  of 
supremely  bred,  superior  Berkahires. 
We  can  supply  anything  in  the  Berkshire  line: 
Fall  Pig*  Boars  and  Sows 
Bred  Gilts  Open  Gilts 
Bred  Sows  Open  Sow* 
Service  Boars,  Trio*,  not  related,  and 
Foundation  Herd* 
Satisfaction  Guaranteed.  Visitors  Welcome. 
Correspondence  Solicited, 
Address.  BRANFORD  fARMS,  Groton,  Conn . 
fTywacana  Berkshires* 
Sows  bred  to  Successor’s  Longfellow,  180594, 
admittedly  one  ol  the  greatest  boars  in 
America.  Also  service  boars  and  Spring 
pigs,  both  sexes.  Write  lor  circular. 
TYWACANA  FARMS 
A.  E.  Wright.  Supl.  Bo»  68,  Farming  da  It,  L  I..  N.  Y 
Berkshire  and  O.  I.  C.  S  wine 
We  offer  for  saloon"  Berkshire  boar  old  enough  for 
service.  Berkshire  gilts,  bred  and  open,  and  pigs 
of  both  breeds  Good  individuals:  exebllent  breed¬ 
ing;  satisfaction  guaranteed  Prices  reasonable. 
TAKHELL  FARMS,  SmittiviHe  Flats,  N.  Y. 
n  6  weeks  old.  Bred  from  large. 
s  healthy,  prolific  stock.  Satis- 
Nelson  M.  Alexander.  Harriman.  N.Y. 
LARGE  BERKSHIRES  AT  HIGHWOOD 
Seventy  selected  fall  hoar*,  weighing  in  growing 
rig.  not  fat,  22a  to  320  pounds  at  six  and  seven 
months  Sired  by  thousand  pound  boars.  You 
cannot  buy  bigger  or  better  one*  Send  for  list. 
11.  C-  «  H.  B.  HarpenUing.Gui  15,  Dundee,  N.Y. 
Springbank  BERKSHIRES 
Boars  and  Bred  (Tilt*  of  March  and  April,  1015.  far¬ 
row  J.  JK.  YVATsON.Marbledale,  Connecticut 
Registered  0. 1.  C. 
faction  guaranteed 
Pure  Bred  Berkshire 
HARRY  AUAMS  -  Titusville,  Pa. 
Yorkshire  Pigs 
Some  extra  good  boar*.  Mature  Parent  Stock 
of  Proven  Merit.  Guaranteed  to  Please. 
Hubert  Cramptoa  Barton,  South  Amherst,  Mai*. 
LAKESIDE  BERKSHIRES-/,'." a;* 
H.  GR1MSHAW,  .  North  East,  Pa. 
I  Purebred  Berkshires 
Feeder?  cheaper.  CLOVERDALE  FARM.  Charlotte,  M.  Y. 
i  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
Duroc  Jersey  Red  Swine 
I  of  the  choicest  breeding-  Mature  early,  are  hardy 
and  very  prolific.  Figs,  2  to  8  months  old.  at  rea¬ 
sonable  prices.  Satisfaction  guaranteed. 
R.  W  McALLEN  -  Fannettsburg,  Pa. 
FOR  PURE  BRED  TAMWORTH  SWINE 
write  or  visit  WESTVIKW  STOCK  FARM,  R. 
F.  I)  No  1,  Winston-Salem.  North  Carolina 
Kinderhook  Duroc-dersey  Swine 
in  the  East  for  registered  stock  of  all  ages  Best 
of  breeding.  Free  from  disease. 
C.  M.  PALMER,  Sec'y.Treas.,  Valatie,  N.  Y. 
Our  New  Handy  Binder 
Sides  are  heavy  Boole  Board.  Imita¬ 
tion  Leather  Back  and  Corners, 
Cloth  Sides.  Two  Tongues  Inside, 
Inside  of  Cover  Neat,  Lining  Paper, 
Stamped  in  Gold— "Rural  New- 
YonKER"*-on  outside. 
Thoroughbred  ColliePups  k ai0n 
F.  L.  CH ENEY  -  GuilfoTd,  N.  Y  .* 
Airedale  Terriers 
Bred  witli  brains.  The  Ideal  companion.  Moderate 
Prices.  Gilbert  M.Tucker,  Jr RockhiJl  Farm, Glenmont, N.Y. 
Will  hold  52  issues,  or  more. 
Sent  prepaid  upon  receipt  of 
price,  50c. 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
333  West  30th  St.  New  York  City 
AIREDALE  TERRIERS 
Tt>*  “OWC  MAW"  Do* 
SO  BRAVfi  that  Al|!»>*  nn*5  l»orm*n*  him  In  trunrfum  :  A  FINE  HUNTER 
endorsed  by  Ex-PruMUlwnl  KoohuvcU  and  Mr,  Rainey;  MATCHLESS  WATCH  DOG 
alerl,  fenriefft .  SPLENDID  COMPANION  for  h»»mir««  hourw  mnn  tor  your  children: 
MOST  PtfcOFlTAKMC  IN VFSTMKN*!  ,  brood  Inlet)  carnfair  upward  of  $200  per  year. 
Puppies,  grown  dogs*,  brttl  bitch  for  sole.  BEST  BLOOD  IN  AMERICA,  farm 
raised  hardy,  el.i-.iy  *t£Cb  .  Pedigreed,  May  wn  Mind  you  a  booklet  and  a  few  ref¬ 
erences  ?  Safe  delivery,  upright  dealing  uuursiMlccti.  IMPORTED  ENGLISH  STUD. 
FEE  S1S.OO. 
VI BERT  KENNEL _ Box  In,  WESTON,  N.  J. 
Hurry  Your  Pigs  to  Market 
Avoid  danger  of  loss  save  labor — secure  top  prices.  A  grain  ration  alone  will  not  ac¬ 
complish  this.  Growing  pigs  must  have  animal  protein  and  phosphate  ol  lime  in  order 
to  develop  bone  Structure,  meat  and  muscle. 
REICH ARD’S  Digester  Tankage 
Furnishes  these  needed  materials  in  the  best  lorm  and  at  lowest  coSt.  A  single  Jrial 
will  convince  you.  Samples,  prices  and  hog-teeding  helps,  FREE 
Robert  A.  Reichard  15  W.  Lawrence  St.,  Allentown,  Pa. 
