792 
©Tie  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
May  20,  1916. 
Meridale  Jerseys 
1916  Issue 
Just  Off  Press 
•*  Purebred’'  and  “  Thoroughbred  ”  bred 
What  do  “purebred”  and  “thorough-  ''oul 
bred’’  mean?  R.  o.  B.  tneJ 
Bow,  Wash.  side 
We  must  have  had,  since  January  1st,  ' 
75  questions  like  the  above,  asking  what  K ' r. 
is  meant  by  “purebred."  “thoroughbred,"  ‘l  u 
“scrub”  and  “grade.”  The  name  “Thor- 
oughbred"  is  given  to  a  race  or  breed  of 
horses  kept  chiefly  for  running  or  rac-  '  , 
ing.  The  English  Thoroughbred  prob-  1111  j1 
ably  originated  from  the  Arabian.  Turk-  f!^,M 
ish,  and  other  Eastern  breeds  of  horses.  lp. 
The  American  Thoroughbred  is  also  a  ce^  1 
race  horse,  practically  identical  with  the 
English  Thoroughbred,  and  derived  from 
it.  The  word  is  also  used  to  describe  p  i, 
an  animal  of  pure  blood,  but  it  would  be  °  ^c 
far  better  to  use  purebred  instead  of 
thoroughbred  to  describe  sueli  animals.  )lM^ 
A  horse  or  a  cow,  or  any  other  animal  ^e'fr 
is  said  to  be  of  pure  blood  when  its  an- 
cestors  are  recorded  in  one  of  the  herd  * 1  ’ 
books  for  the  particular  breed  to  which  <  lls 
the  animal  belongs.  Both  parents  of  an 
animal  must  be  recorded  iu  this  herd  ’tm  ' 
book,  or  be  eligible  for  such  record  in  **  ™l 
order  to  class  this  animal  as  purebred.  00  v 
That  is  the  generally  accepted  meaning 
of  the  term,  and  should  not  he  mixed 
with  thoroughbred,  the  name  of  a  breed 
of  horses,  although  it  is  a  popular  thing 
to  do  so.  The  herd  books  for  the  differ¬ 
ent  breeds  were  started  years  ago  in 
most  cases,  and  in  the  beginning  true 
specimens  of  the  breed  were  selected,  and 
their  descendants  for  many  generations 
have  been  recorded  in  these  herd  books. 
Some  people  get  the  impression  that  when 
a  cow,  for  example,  makes  a  very  high 
record  in  producing  milk  or  cream,  that 
she  becomes  a  thoroughbred  or  purebred 
animal,  and  ought  to  be  registered.  This 
is  a  mistake,  for  the  term  purebred  has 
nothing  to  do  with  the  performance  of  a 
cow  unless  it  be  associated  with  her  an¬ 
cestry,  and  in  order  to  be  pure  blood  she 
must,  as  stated  above,  trace  back  iu  au 
unbroken  line  through  the  animals  re¬ 
corded  iu  the  herd  book. 
A  grade  is  supposed  to  be  an  animal 
not  purely  bred,  but  at  the  same  time 
showing  marked  characteristics  of  one 
of  the  distiuct  breeds.  Such  an  animal 
is  a  grade'if  one  parent,  is  not  eligible 
to  registry  in  the  herd  book.  As  a  rule, 
such  grades  have  one  purebred  parent. 
For  example,  there  are  many  grade  Hol¬ 
stein  cows.  Their  father  may  be  a  pure¬ 
ly  bred  animal,  their  mother  a  grade  or 
a  scrub.  To  the  ordinary  eye  these  ani-  average  composition  of  butter. 
inals  in  color  and  shape,  and  iu  perform-  Fat  .  £ 
ance.  would  be  considered  purebred  Hoi-  Water  . 
steius,  hut  they  are  not,  because  their  g’^1  ‘  ash!  .’.*!!!!.*  1 !!!!!!!  ’  1 J 
mothers  carry  the  blood  of  other  breeds,  ‘  . 
,  ,  , ,  .  ,  -  ,  i  t-*-  Butter  containing  14  to  15%  moisl 
and  thus  could  not  be  registered.  It  .  _  ...  , 
„  _  L,  .  is  of  lust  as  good  quality,  and  may 
often  happens  that  these  grade  cows  will  *  ,  ,  ..  ...  , 
i  3  0.1, sess  better  texture  than  butter  eont 
prove  more  economical  producers  than  .  .  .  . 
1  .  .  ,  ,  ,,  „  „„„  „„  mg  10  to  12%.  it  the  moisture  is 
purelv  bred  cows  of  the  same  age,  or  .  s  ' 
•  \  *  .,k.  into  the  butter  by  natural  churning  ■ 
size,  but  they  are  not  purebred  annuals  ■  .  .  , 
,  .  .  •.  „  • ,  ditions.  The  moisture  content  ot 
so  long  as  either  parent  cannot  be  legis- 
.  _  .  ,  New  England  dairy  butter  runs  too 
tered  or  recorded.  .  ~  n  ,  , 
,  ..  „  .  .  ,  .  .  The  following  figures  were  collected 
A  scrub  is  usually  an  animal  which  ,  ...  .  .  .  . 
eight  samples  of  Connecticut  dairy  bu 
combines  the  blood  of  half  a  dozen  differ-  , 
.  .  ..  .  ,,  ,  recently  scored  at  the  college: 
cut  breeds.  Many  of  the  old  so-called 
Percent  Percen 
“native  COWS  are  Of  iLiut  d&SSf  iney  Sample  Moisture  No.  Sample  Moistu 
resulted  from  the  fact  that  there  never  1  11.8  5  10  _ 
was  any  uniformity  in  breeding  cattle  2  12.5  6  11.5 
through  the  community  where  they  were  “  g  jl  0 
raised.  The  hull  used  in  that  neighbor- 
hood  might  be  at  one  time  a  Jersey,  at  Average  1  •-•->% 
another  a  Shorthorn,  at  another  an  Ayr-  This  is  even  a  little  lower  than 
shire  or  Holstein,  and  most  probably  not  average  of  12  samples  tested  in  1 
one  of  these  bulls  would  be  a  purebred  Hampshire  under  Winter  eondit 
animal.  They  were  probably  grades  or  The  average  of  these  samples  was  fo 
even  scrubs,  carrying  a  great  variety  of  to  be  12.3%.  A  man  making  butter  1 
blood.  Thus  in  breeding  the  cows  of  ing  10%.  moisture  would  make  4.5  put 
that  neighborhood  would  be  of  what  is  of  butter  more  for  every  100  pound! 
known  as  scrub  blood.  It  would  be  even  fat  if  his  buttpr  contained  14.5%  mi 
possible  for  a  purebred  animal  to  be  ure.  This  would  menu  that  a  dairy  n 
called  a  scrub,  for  if  such  au  animal  ing  25  pounds  of  butter  a  week,  w 
were  not  reasonably  fed  or  cared  for.  it  put  out  approximately  105  pounds 
would  become  dwarfed  and  stunted,  and  butter  in  four  weeks  instead  of 
not  being  well  nourished  would  be  feeble  pounds.  This  valued  at  40  cents 
and  small.  Thus  while  carrying  the  color  pound  is  $1.60  per  mouth.  The  la 
and  general  characteristics  of  the  breed  the  amount  of  butter  made,  the  larger 
in  quality,  it  would  be  a  scrub,  not  being  saving.  Anyone  making  butter  on 
equal  to  a  purebred  animal  properly  considerable  scale,  should  have  a  mi 
nourished  and  properly  fed.  .  By  taking  ure  testing  outfit.  The  operation  of 
a  few  scrub  cows  and  breeding  them  to  test  is  very  simple,  and  consists  onl; 
a  high-class  purebred  bull  of  good  family,  evaporating  the  moisture  from  a  kn 
and  then  breeding  their  daughters  to  the  weight  of  butter,  and  re- weighing 
same  bull,  or  to  another  equally  good,  and  sample,  and  calculating  the  percent 
so  on,  we  should  in  time  have  a  good  herd  moisture.  Butter-makers  should  not 
of  grades,  closely  resembling  the  pure-  get  that  they  are  at  liberty  to  sen 
It  contains  the  pedigrees  of  eight  Meridale 
service  bulls,  and  illustrations  of  32  prominent 
Register  of  Merit  cows  in  the  Meridale  Herd, 
including  2  Gold  Medal  winners  in  tests  com¬ 
pleted  in  1915.  It  also  presents  a  brief  outline 
of  the  breeding  policies  which  have  counted 
for  success  at  Meridale  Farms,  and  describes 
the  blood  lines  back  of  the  young  stock  offered 
-  from  the  herd  this  season. 
A.  copy  tvlll  gladly  be 
mailed  you  on  request. 
ayer  &  McKinney 
300  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Pa, 
let  your  cows  suffer  from 
III  I IV  I  the  torture  of  flies.  When 
*  their  energy  is  used  to 
switch  the  flies  from  their  backs  they 
cannot  give  the  maximum  amount  of 
milk.  It  makes  them  irritated  and 
run  down.  Use 
JERSEY  CATTLE  FOR  PROFIT 
Bull  eaives.  $25  and  up;  heifers,  $50  and  up.  All 
registered.  R.  F.  SHANNON,  Reashaw  Btdo..  Pittshurijh.  Pa. 
—  a  sure  and  effective  preventive 
against  fly  torture.  A  boon  to  the 
cows  and  a  bane  to  troublesome  milk¬ 
ing.  Spray  with  SO-BOS-SO  twice  a 
day  to  keep  the  flies  away.  Will  not 
blister  the  skin  nor  gum  the  hair. 
Has  been  tbe  farmer’s  friend  for  more  than  16 
years.  Used  all  over  U.  S.  and  in  many  foreign 
countries.  Tried  and  proven.  Sold  only  in  gallon 
cans — enoneb  for  200  cows  or  for  one  cow  100  days. 
Your  dealer  will  sell  yon  SO  BOS-SO.  If  not.  send 
$1.00  for  gallon  can  prepaid.  Sprayer  (holds  1  qt.) 
60c  prepaid.  Send  for  descriptive  circular. 
FOR  SALE.  Address 
Weblands  Farm.  Pond  Eddy.  Pa. 
mg  Jersey  Bulls  0‘r;S?T“<£ 
L.  G>  FORBES,  Manhasset.  L.  I. 
(2)  T 
Registered  stock, 
91)1)  extra  fancy,  well  bred  and  nicely  marked 
cows.  A  number  are  recently  fresh  and  oth¬ 
ers  due  to  freshen  within  6u  days.  They  are  heavy 
producers  and  will  please  you.  I’rice  $7  5  to 
$125  per  head. 
infl  large,  well  bred  two  nnd  three  yr.  old  heifers 
IvU  hred  to  good  registered  Ii.  F,  bulls.  P:ice$65 
to  87  5  per  head,  Two  fine  well  bred  beifer  calves 
and  one  pure  bred  Holstein  bull  calf  for  $50. 
F.  P.  SAIINilfRS  A  SON,  Springdale  Farms,  Cortland,  N.  Y 
Moisture  in  Dairy  Farm  Butter 
The  amount  of  moisture  in  butter  is 
important  for  two  reasons;  (7 1  because 
of  a  federal  standard  for  moisture  and 
(2)  because  of  economic  reasons. 
The  federal  law  requires  that  there 
shall  he  not  more  than  15.0%  moisture 
in  butter.  This  law  is  applied  to  cream¬ 
eries  and  to  farms  where  butter-making 
is  carried  on  extensively  as  the  main  bus¬ 
iness  of  the  farm.  If  it  is  found  that 
auy  plant  is  selling  butter  containing 
16%  or  more  of  moisture,  a  tax  of  $50 
per  month  is  imposed  upon  the  plant  for 
the  remainder  of  the  year,  ending  June 
30th,  in  which  the  butter  is  made.  In 
addition  to  this,  a  tax  of  10  cents  per 
pound  is  levied  upon  every  pound  of  but¬ 
ter  in  the  lot  or  lots  of  butter,  from  which 
adulterated  samples  are  taken. 
Economically,  the  amount  of  moisture 
in  butter  is  important,  as  it  affects  the 
percent  of  over-run  or  surplus.  That  is, 
the  amount  of  moisture  incorporated  de¬ 
termines  whether  or  not  a  pound  of  pure 
butterfat  will  make  a  pound  and  a  sixth 
of  butter  or  more.  To  show  this  more 
clearly,  let  us  examine  the  following  fig¬ 
ures  published  in  a  previous  issue,  in  dis¬ 
cussing  butter  over-run. 
Oakhurst  Farm 
offers 
Registered 
Guernseys 
Choice  Cows  with  records  of 
400  to  7 00  lbs.  fat.  Daughters 
of  A.  R.  Cows.  Yearling  Bulls 
of  quality  with  A.  R.  Dams 
Send  for  List 
Oakhurst  Farm 
Millerton  -  :  -  N.  Y. 
Spot  Farm  Holstein*.  $15 
K  Holstein  beifer  calves,  $15 
each:  express  paid  in  lots  of  5 
9  registered  2-year-old  Loiters, 
$135  each.  &  2-yesr-olds,  bivrt  to 
Itl-lb.  bull,  due  in  Sept.,  $175 
each.  12registered  heifer  calves 
will  be  sold  cheap.  Registered 
bulls  $25  to  $50  each.  2  ear  loads 
of  one  and  two-year  old  heif¬ 
ers,  $35  each  for  the  lot.  Regis¬ 
tered  and  high-grade  cow-sand 
registered  Berkshire  Pigs. 
JOHN  C.  RESCAN.  Tully.N,  Y. 
uni  CTCIIIC— Breed  up,  not  down.  Cheap  bulls 
nULJ  I  Lino  ar6  lhe  most  expensive.  We  offer 
registered  sons  of  a  35.61  lb.  sire.  A.  It.  O.  dams,  at 
$125,  easy  payments.  Farmers  can’t  afford  to  use 
scrubs  at  these  prices.  Send  for  pedigrees. 
CLOVEKDALEFARM,  CHARLOTTE,  N.  Y. 
TWO  HOLSTEIN  BULLS 
Born  April  24,  1915  and  March  10, 1916.  SIRS  27  lb. 
Son  of  Judge  Segis.  DAM  2$  lb.  8  yr.  old  daughter 
of  35  lb.  bull.  Write  for  prices  and  particulars. 
LE  ROY  MVKRO  .  Jordan,  N.  Y. 
Holstein  Bull  Calves 
registered.  1  to  18  months  old,  $30  to  $100. 
BROOKDALE  FARM  -  Greenville,  Delaware 
ARDMORE  FARM  t0.^ 
Guernsey  Bull.  Fashion,  of  Ardmore  Farm  No. 
30506  Sire— Lang  water  Peerless  No.  19227 1ms  several 
daughters  now  on  test.  His  Hire— Imp.  Yeoman, 
who  is  the  Sire  of  Dolly  Dimple,  record  at  two 
years  703.36  flit,  at  three  and  a  half  years  906.39  fat, 
nml  others.  Dam— ltnp  Daisy  du Lu bln  II.  No.  41660 
record  at  three  years  X41.56  fat.  She  is  now  on  test 
again  and  will  make  a  flue  record.  Fashion  is  a  tine 
straight  bull  iu  all  ways,  has  n  good  clear  nose,  two 
years  eld  the  Otb  of  March.  Tuberculin  tested. 
ARDMORE  FARM  •  P-  0.  Glen  Spey  Sullivan  County,  N.  Y 
Holstein-Friesian  Bull  Calves 
offer.  THE  GATES  HOMESTEAD  FARM.  Chittenangr.  N.  Y 
IMPROVE  YOUR  HERD 
Registered  Guernsey  bull  calf  7  mouths  old.  Good, 
practical  iudividua).  May-Hose  breeding.  Half  sis¬ 
ter's  official  record  over  14,000  lbs-  milk  nnd  700  lbs, 
butter  fat  in  1  year.  Farmers’  price.  Write  for  par¬ 
ticulars.  Morell  Srmih,  Supt  ,  Manliastet.  Lean  Islind,  N.Y. 
/''•f  TE'PNICIi'VQ  Three  Registered  Glen- 
OULIMYOL,  1  J  wood  buI1  calves,  two 
to  four  mouths  old,  for  sale  at  reasonable  prices. 
Are  tine.  Write  FKRD  RE1RKR,  Bdtlke,  Pa. 
This  hardy  breed  makes  record  production  on 
scanty  feed  under  unfavorable  conditions. 
Unequalled  on  good  pasture  and  liigU  feed. 
Milk  passes  all  state  and  city  requirements. 
AYRSHIRKS  pay  big  profits  everywhere. 
Send  for  interesting  information  and  names 
of  nearest  breeders. 
AYRSHIRE  BREEDERS’  ASS’N. 
C.  M.  Winslow,  Secy. 
21  Park  Street.  Brandon,  Vt. 
Registered  GUERNSEY  BULLS  for  Sale 
One  2  years  old,  A  If  o  calves  5  months  idd  Address 
WEBLANDS  FARM  -  Pond  Eddy,  Pa. 
AYRSHIRES 
You  can  buy  males  or  females,  all  ages, 
from  our  record  herd. 
HENDERSON  AYRSHIRE  FARM 
HUDSON,  OHIO 
J  w  ^  Are  Noted 
for  their  Economical  production  of  linest 
Dairy  Products.  Information  cheerfully 
sent  IFWfc 
GUERNSEY  CLUB,  B®x  R,  Peterboro,  N.  H. 
—The  beef  breed  for  the  East. 
ArdsonFarm,A  rmouk.N.Y, 
Aberdeen  Angus 
HOLSTEIN  BULLS  ?NEREAMSYs 
Your  Time  4*  Interest 
Head  of  the  Herd  an  ARO  Sou  of  King  of  the 
Pontincs  whose  Dam  has  a  29,57  Record  and 
113.90  lbs.  in  30  days.  Nothing  but  ARO  cows 
on  the  Farm.  Herd  tuberculin  tested  ^yearly 
for  years.  Write 
JUSTAMERE  FARM.  Middletown  Springs,  Vt. 
Sides  are  heavy  Book  Hoard,  Imita 
tion  Leather  Back  and  Corners 
Cloth  Sides,  Two  Tongues  Inside 
Inside  of  Cover  Neat  Lining  Paper 
Stamped  in  Gold— " Rural  New 
Yorker”— on  outside. 
Will  hold  52  issues,  or  more. 
Sent  prepaid  upon  receipt  of 
price,  50c. 
50  Cows  just  fresh,  the  kind  that  fill  the 
pail,  came  and  see  them  milked  or  milk  them 
yourselves. 
30  Cows  due  to  calf  soon. 
10  Registered  bulls,  extra  good  breeding. 
25  Heifer  calves  ten  days  old,  all  sired 
by  registered  bulls. 
JOHN  B.  WEBSTER, 
Oopt.  Y,  Cortland,  N.  Y.  Hell  Phone  14.  F.  5 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
333  West  30th  St.  New  York  C 
