Z>he  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
809 
Farm  Mechanics 
them  can  be  selected  ns  a  pattern  and 
Estimating  the  Cost  of  Barn 
Would  you  tell  me  bow  much  it  would 
cost  to  build  a  barn  2S  by  .30  feet,  14 
feet  posted ?  How  many  thousand  feet  of 
lumber  would  it  take,  and  what  lengths  of 
rafters  on  each  slope  of  the  hip  roof? 
Indian  Point,  Me.  A.  c.  n. 
When  estimating  the  probable  cost  of 
a  building  one  of  the  first  requisites  is 
a  complete  set  of  plans  and  specifications. 
With  this,  one  should  have  a  knowledge 
of  local  lumber  and  labor  prices.  In  the 
above  case  none  of  these  is  given.  The 
barn  may  he  wanted  simply  for  storage, 
in  which  case  the  simplest  form  of  con¬ 
struction  would  be  permissible,  while  on 
the  other  hand  it  may  be  wanted  for  a 
stable,  greatly  increasing  the  cost  be¬ 
cause  of  the  necessary  construction  to 
provide  warmth. 
As  a  quick  means  of  securing  an  ap¬ 
proximate  estimate  of  the  cost  select  sev¬ 
eral  buildings  in  your  locality  of  a  type 
and  construction  similar  to  the  one  pro¬ 
posed  and  after  learning  the  cost,  of  each, 
divide  the  total  cost  in  cents  by  the  total 
contents  in  cubic  feet.  This  will  give 
you  the  average  local  price  per  cubic  foot 
of  finished  buildings  of  the  kind  that  you 
are  about  to  build.  Using  this  price  per 
cubic  foot  as  a  basis  the  probable  cost 
of  your  building  can  bo  quickly  ascer¬ 
tained.  For  dairy  barns  of  good  con¬ 
struction  this  cost  is  often  taken  at  from 
three  to  five  cents  per  cubic  foot.  Us¬ 
ing  an  average  of  these  (four  cents) 
gives  a  cost  of  about  $775  for  the  pro¬ 
posed  barn  if  of  this  type,  as  it  contains 
about  19.320  cubic  feet.  Local  prices 
must  be  used,  however,  to  get  anything 
like  correct  results. 
Using  a  roof  shaped  like  Fig.  300,  page 
807.  the  length  of  the  rafter  for  each  pitch 
would  be  10  feet  three  inches  from  point 
to  point.  Both  top  and  bottom  rafters 
are  out  the  same,  and  simply  turned  end 
for  end  when  being  put  together,  the 
plumb  cut  at  the -ridge  and  the  seat  cut 
at  the  plate  being  the.  same  (00  degrees). 
The  cut  at  the  other  end  of  the  rafter 
is  a  75-degree  angle.  No  purlin?  is  used, 
the  roof  being  self-supporting,  the  rafters 
being  fastened  at  the  joints  by  means  of 
fish  plates  made  from  inch  material. 
To  form  the  projection  for  the  cornice 
a  curved  piece  of  plank  is  nailed  to  the 
outside  edge  of  the  rafter.  At  the  bot¬ 
tom  of  the  curved  piece  is  added  a  piece 
of  2x4  cut  to  the  proper  length  and 
placed  by  means  of  a  line,  to  insure  a 
straight  cornice.  These  curved  pieces  of 
plank,  ns  well  as  the  fish  plates,  can  best 
be  cut  out  at  the  local  planing  mill  from 
patterns  made  by  your  carpenter.  This 
will  save  considerable  time. 
To  cover  the  building  will  require 
about  2.600  feet  B.  M.  of  novelty  sid¬ 
ing — if  this  is  used — and  1,500  feet  of 
roof  sheathing.  If  matched  material  is 
used  for  the  roof  it  will  require  from 
1.800  to  2.000  feet,  depending  upon  its 
width,  an  allowance  being  made  in 
tongued  and  grooved  material  and  novelty 
siding  to  provide  for  the  lap.  If  a  good 
grade  of  well-packed,  full-count  shingles 
are  used  about  12.000  will  be  required  to 
cover  the  roof.  This  is  assuming  that 
they  will  be  laid  five  inches  to  the 
weather. 
To  lay  out  the  rafters  apply  the  steel 
square  to  the  stick  as  shown  at  (A)  in 
Fig.  307,  bringing  the  figure  7  on  the 
tongue  and  12  on  the  blade  to  coincide 
with  the  edge  of  the  stick.  Marking 
along  the  tongue  gives  the  proper  cut  for 
the  bottom  end  of  the  rafter  (very  near¬ 
ly  60  degrees).  Measure  along  the  long 
side  of  the  stick  the  proper  distance — 
in  this  case  10  feet  three  inches — and 
apply  the  square  as  at  (B)  using  3 14 
on  the  tongue  and  12  on  the  blade. 
Marking  along  the  tongue  will  then  give 
the  proper  cut  for  the  upper  end  of  the 
rafter — an  angle  of  nearly  75  degrees. 
When  tihe  stick  has  parallel  straight 
edges  the  work  can  be  laid  out  from  the 
back  as  shown,  but  in  any  other  case 
the  square  must  be  reversed  and  the 
work  done  from  the  face  side,  the  cuts, 
however  remaining  the  same.  It  is  good 
practice  to  cut  four  carefully  from  se¬ 
lected  pieces  and  try  them  to  see  whether 
they  fit  properly.  If  they  measure  the 
width  of  the  building  across  the  bottom 
when  all  of  the  joints  are  closed  one  of 
the  remaining  rafters  cut  by  its  use. 
Oue  side  of  the  steel  square  usually 
lia.s  its  inch  division  subdivided  into 
twelfths.  By  using  this  side  drawings 
can  be  made  to  scale,  letting  one  inch 
represent  a  foot  :md  the  twelfth  divisions 
each  an  inch,  and  pieces  laid  out  and 
measured  direct.  By  using  this  meth¬ 
od  roof  pitches  and  rafter  lengths  oati  be 
determined  to  suit,  if  those  shown  do  not 
seem  desirable.  r.  h.  s. 
Distance  of  Engine  from  Pump 
I  am  contemplating  pumping  water 
with  11.4-2  H.  P.  gasoline  engine.  How 
far  can  the  engine  he  stationed  from  the 
well?  I  wish  to  know  the  maximum  dis¬ 
tance.  p,  p,  c. 
Ava,  Ill. 
From  the  way  the  question  is  stated 
the  impression  is  gained  that  P.  P.  C. 
refers  to  a  system  in  which  the  pump  and 
engine  are  located  at  the  discharge  end  of 
the  pipe — a  suction  pump.  Bo  many  fac¬ 
tors  enter  into  the  case  that  it  is  impos¬ 
sible  to  give  any  actual  limit  to  the  dis¬ 
tance  that  such  an  outfit  would  operate 
through  successfully.  The  best  plan 
would  be  to  consult  the  local  hardware 
dealer,  who  presumably  has  had  consid¬ 
erable  experience  in  installing  pumps, 
having  him  look  over  the  situation  and 
following  his  advice. 
If  the  line  is  a  comparatively  level  one 
so  that  the  pump  is  little  higher  than  the 
source  of  supply,  and  a  supply  pipe  large 
enough  to  cut  the  friction  loss  down  as 
low  as  possible  is  used,  the  pump  and 
source  of  supply  can  be  a  considerable 
distance  apart.  On  the  other  hand,  with 
a  high  lift,  or  a  small  pipe,  or  a  combina¬ 
tion  of  both,  the  horizontal  distance  that 
water  could  be  pumped  successfully  would 
be  much  shorter.  It  must  he  remem¬ 
bered  that  with  the  suction  pump,  the 
only  force  available  to  force  water 
through  the  pipe  to  the  pump  is  the  pres¬ 
sure  of  the  atmosphere — about  15  pounds 
to  the  square  inch.  With  a  different  type 
of  pump  the  case  would  he  different.  A 
force  pump,  or  pneumatic  pump,  located 
at  the  intake  end  would  force  the  water 
to  an  indefinite  distance  provided  the 
power  used  and  the  pump  were  strong 
enough,  or  the  air  pressure  carried  were 
high  enough  if  the  pump  were  of  the 
pneumatic  type.  A  large  diameter  dis¬ 
charge  pipe  would  do  much  to  cut  down 
the  operating  cost  in  any  system  due  to 
the  lessened  friction  in  the  pipe.  The 
friction  increases  about  as  the  square  of 
tlie  velocity  and  of  course  the  smaller  the 
pipe  the  higher  must  be  the  velocity  to 
discharge  the  same  amount  of  water. 
R.  H.  s. 
Drying  Stone  House 
I  recently  bought  some  land  and  an 
old  stone  house  built  of  concrete  and 
plastered  directly  onto  the  stone  walls 
without  any  air  space  or  studding  and 
lath  between.  What  is  the  best  and 
cheapest  wjiy  to  correct  this  dampness? 
Ohio.  w,  w.  F. 
We  have  report  of  one  such  case  where 
a  frame  of  2x4  joist  was  put  up  around 
the  inside  of  the  rooms.  Lath  was  tack¬ 
ed  to  this  and  then  plastering  put  on  as 
usual.  This  left  an  air  space  between 
the  plastering  and  the  wall  of  the  house. 
Who  has  had  experience? 
Creosote  in  Stove  Pipe 
The  cause  of  creosote  condensing  in  the 
stove  pipe  is  for  want  of  draft  to  carry 
it  on  out  into  the  air  while  it  is  in  a 
hot  vaporous  condition.  Want  of  a  quick, 
lively  draft  causes  the  vapor  to  loiter 
along  the  pipe,  and  condense.  This  comes 
about,  first,  when  the  chimney  is  too 
small.  Second,  when  the  stove  is  new 
and  tight  and  all  air  avenues  are  closed 
after  a  heavy  fire  is  started.  When  these 
two  conditions  are  combined  you  have 
pretty  nearly  an  ideal  plant  for  making 
creosote.  Stoves  usually  are  provided 
with  a  ventilation  device  .about  the  collar 
or  first  joint ;  open  this  when  draft  or 
fire  damper  is  closed.  In  the  Jibsence  of 
this  give  some  ventilation  by  partly  open¬ 
ing  one  of  the  lids.  etc.  By  rule  of  thumb 
the  chimney  area  should  tie  at  least 
double  that  of  the  pipe,  mid  a  third  added 
for  each  elbow,  increasing  proportionate¬ 
ly  the  area  as  other  pipes  me  added  to 
the  chimney.  If  these  simple  rules  are 
observed  there  can  be  no  condensing  in 
the  pipe,  and  there  will  he  no  accumu¬ 
lations  of  hardened  “soot"’  iu  the  chimney. 
Missouri.  c.  a.  z. 
FERTILIZER  DISTRIBUTER 
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Write  for  booklet  H  to 
GREENWOOD  MFC.  CO.,  LAWRENCE,  MASS. 
Ask  for  Cata- 
log  No.  274. 
The  q  p  e  e  i  a  I 
Mhuyte  teeth  out 
the  weeds  floats 
to  the  hill  and 
do  not  cover 
fh»*  with 
earth.  40  years 
actual  service 
Real  wheel  furulshud  if  desired. 
CLIP  YOUR  WEEDS 
with  a  COLT 
Wood  Beam 
Cultivator 
BATAVIA  CLAMP  COMPANY.  215  Center  St„  Batavia,  N.Y. 
Why  Take  A  Chance? 
V-^  Vv  ** 
VI/'HEN  you  buy  your  grain  binder  this  spring, 
''  do  not  make  the  mistake  of  experimenting 
with  an  untried  or  cheap  machine.  You  cannot  make 
money  that  way.  A  binder  is  useful  for  one  purpose 
only  —  to  get  all  the  grain  cut  and  bound  in  the  short  time 
allowed  for  the  harvest.  That  is  no  time  to  risk  experiments, 
especially  when  you  do  not  have  to.  Choose  your  binder  from 
one  of  the  old  reliable,  yet  up-to-date  in  every  way.  International 
Harvester  binders  sold  under  the  trade  names _ 
Champion  Deering  McCormick 
Milwaukee  Osborne  Plano 
You  will  find  practical  farmers,  who  know  what  particular 
harvesting  difficulties  they  must  overcome  each  year,  urging  the 
use  of  some  binder  with  an  I  H  C  name.  Years  of  building  and 
betterment  have  resulted  in  these  machines  that  insure  as  com¬ 
plete  a  harvest  as  it  is  possible  ever  to  get,  even  under  worst  field 
and  grain  conditions. 
Look  fur  the  same  high-grade  workmanship,  the  same  famous 
I H  C  quality  in  1  H  C  twine.  Make  the  most  of  vour  crops. 
Your  local  dealer  can  furnish  you  with  I H  C  binder  repairs  and 
twine.  See  him  or  write  to  us  for  information. 
International  Harvester  Company  of  America 
(Incorporated) 
CHICAGO  USA 
Champion  Deering  McCormick  Milwaukee  Osborne  Plano 
