867 
? 
brown  leather  with  a  special  yietal 
clamp  underneath  for  keeping  them  firm¬ 
ly  in  place.  These  look  like  the  seats 
often  used  on  nice  dining-room  chairs, 
and  would  renovate  a  worn  chair  ad¬ 
mirably. 
The  white  woolen  stocking  fashionable 
English  women  wear  for  golf  and  tennis 
are  now  imported  at  $1  for  plain  or 
ribbed,  and  $1.50  for  the  wide  derby  rib. 
Shirred  round  pillows  covered  with 
sheer  checked  voile,  floss  filled,  are  75 
cents.  The  cool-looking  voile  makes  a 
very  attractive  pillow. 
Homemade  Fireless  Cooker 
The  following  directions  for  making  a 
fireless  cooker  arc  given  in  the  Cornell 
bulletin  on  this  subject,  (Farmhouse  Se¬ 
ries  No.  9.-  Diagram  is  reproduced  from 
this  bulletin. 
A  wooden  box.  a  trunk,  an  iee  box.  a 
galvanized  iron  ash-enn,  and  a  wooden 
candy-bucket  are  among  the  articles  that 
have  been  suoeessfnlly  used  in  the  Con¬ 
struction  of  a  fireless  cooker.  If  an  ordi- 
IIorlzontAt  section:  A.  rim  of  outer  bucket; 
B,  rim  of  inner  bucket;  C,  collar  for  keeping 
insulator  In  place. 
Longitudinal  section:  A,  outer  bucket ;  I!, 
cushion;  C,  inner  bucket;  I),  food  container;  15, 
insulator. 
nary  box  is  used,  it  should  be  of  heavy 
enough  material  to  permit  the  use  of  good 
hinges  and  fastenings. 
The  inside  container  for  the  food  uten¬ 
sil  may  be  a  bucket  of  agate,  galvanized 
iron,  or  tin.  It  should  have  a  tight  fitting 
cover. 
Ground  cork,  sawdust,  excelsior,  min¬ 
eral  wool,  paper  torn  in  small  pieces  and 
crumpled,  powdered  asbestos,  shavings, 
straw,  hay,  wool,  and  cotton  batting  arc 
commonly  used  as  insulators.  Mineral 
wool  anil  powdered  asbestos  tire  both 
good  insulators  and  have  the  additional 
merit  of  not.  being  inflammable  ;  but  they 
are  harder  to  work  with  than  are  the 
other  materials.  Gloves  should  he  worn 
by  the  person  doing  (be  packing,  and  cure 
should  he  taken  not  to  allow  the  material 
to  enter  the  nose  aud  the  mouth,  fork 
is  light  in  weight  and  has  proved  to  be 
good.  Excelsior  is  good  and  is  easily  ob¬ 
tained.  Sheet,  asbestos  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  thick  bits  proved  to  be  the  best 
weight  for  lining  the  outer  case  and  cov¬ 
ering  the  inner  bucket :  it  is  more  dura¬ 
ble  and  efficient  than  is  the  lighter  weight, 
and  it  can  be  made  to  fit  the  curved  stir- 
faces  more  easily  than  can  the  heavier 
weight. 
1.  Select  a  box,  a  bucket,  or  a  can  of 
suitable  size,  and  line  it  with  sheet  asbes¬ 
tos  of  one-eighth  inch  thickness.  There 
should  be  a  dose-lilting  cover,  and  this, 
too.  should  he  lined  with  sheet  asbestos. 
2.  Select  an  inner  bucket  or  kettle 
with  a  tight-fitting  cover  and  of  such  a 
size  that  there  may  he  a  space  of  at 
least  three  inches  between  the  outer  box 
or  bucket  and  the  inner  bucket.  Cover 
the  outside  of  the  inner  bucket  and  its  lid 
with  sheet  asbestos  of  one-eighth  inch 
thickness. 
o.  l'ack  into  the  bottom  of  the  asbes¬ 
tos-lined  outer  box  or  bucket  n  layer  at 
least  three  inches  deep  of  whatever  non¬ 
conducting  material  is  to  he  used. 
4.  Place  the  asbestos-covered  inner 
bucket  on  the  layer  of  nonconducting 
material  in  the  bottom  of  the  outer  box 
or  bucket,  and  pack  the  space  between  the 
outer  box  or  bucket  and  tin*  inner  bucket 
with  more  of  the  non-conducting  material, 
filling  the  space  to  within  about  one-half 
inch  from  the  top  of  the  inner  bucket. 
5.  Make  a  collar  of  zinc,  cardboard,  or 
sheet  asbestos,  to  cover  the  exposed  sur¬ 
face  of  the  insulating  material.  Zinc  is 
good  for  this  purpose  because  it.  does  not 
GZf  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
tear  with  constant  use  as  do  the  other  ma¬ 
terials.  it  can  ho  washed,  and  it  does  not 
rust.  An  old  piece  of  muslin,  which  can 
bo  washed  frei|uently,  may  instead  serve 
the  purpose  of  keeping  the  insulating  ma¬ 
terial  clean  and  in  its  proper  place. 
(!.  Make  a  cushion  of  such  material  as 
muslin,  which  when  filled  with  the  non¬ 
conducting  material  will  be  at  least  three 
inches  thick  and  will,  as  exactly  as  pos¬ 
sible.  fit  into  the  space  between  the  top  of 
the  inner  bucket  and  that  of  the  outer  box 
or  bucket.  This  cushion  may  be  made 
by  cutting  out  of  the  material  two  pieces 
of  the  desired  shape,  and  size,  and  putiing 
them  together  with  a  straight,  strip  of  the 
desired  width,  with  extra  allowance  for 
scams. 
The  interior  of  the  tireless  cooker 
should  he  kept,  absolutely  clean.  It 
should  remain  open  for  several  hours 
after  use,  and  it.  should  never  be  tightly 
closed  when  not  in  use.  The  observance 
of  these  precautions  prevents  the  food 
from  acquiring  an  unpleasant  taste  from 
odors  or  remnants  of  food  previously 
cooked. 
A  Homestead  in  Idaho 
Part  II. 
One  inquirer  wished  to  know  about 
marketing  our  produce.  There  is  only 
part  of  the  year  when  we  cun  do  hauling, 
and  then  it.  takes  all  day  to  drive  to  the 
small  town  and  back.  We  could  not  do 
much  with  an  automobile  on  these  roads. 
I  might  have  made  a  glowing  picture, 
telling  you  how  grand  everything  is  here, 
hut  I  want  you  to  see  both  sides,-so  as  not 
to  get  a  one-sided  view.  There  tire  both 
desirable  and  undesirable  points  to  this 
country,  as  I  think  there  are  to  every 
place.  This  is  a  good  fruit  country,  and 
there  are  usually  plenty  of  apples, 
peaches,  prunes  and  other  kinds  of  fruit 
raised,  though  once  in  a  few  years  there 
is  a  late  frost  which  hurts  some  of  it. 
I  don’t  think  that  this  is  any  better 
place  to  make  a  fortune  than  anywhere 
else,  hut  we  don’t  have  to  pay  rent,  and 
we  can  raise  a  great  deal  of  what  we  eat, 
and  some  to  sell.  We  have  plenty  of  good 
water  and  fresh  air.  I  remember  one 
time  when  I  lived  iu  a  city  I  was  just 
homesick  to  sec  green  things  growing; 
here  I  can  see  plenty.  Rut  I  don’t  want 
to  make  anyone  discontented  with  his  lot. 
If  you  iiave  ever  so  small  a  place  I  would 
not  advise  you  to  give  it.  up  and  look  for 
a  homestead,  because  maybe  you  can  do 
better  where  you  are.  Ilut  if  you  have  no 
land,  nor  a  good  position,  it,  may  be  time 
to  think  of  getting  some  land,  may  be  a 
homestead,  maybe  a  farm,  maybe  an  acre 
near  a  city  if  you  are  a  good  worker.  I 
would  even  buy  on  the  instalment  plan. 
Shall  I  tell  you  what  I  did  to  save  the 
life  of  a  turkey?  Yesterday  morning  one 
of  our  turkeys  was  sick,  would  not  eat, 
wings  drooping  down,  and  looked  real  sick. 
1  mixed  a  teaspoonful  of  lard  with  half  a 
teaspoon ful  of  Epsom  salts,  and  red  pep¬ 
per  size  of  it  grain  of  corn.  When  mixed 
I  caught  the  turkey  and  with  a  spoon  and 
my  lingers  put  it  back  in  her  mouth  as 
far  as  I  could,  then  rubbed  her  throat  so 
it  would  go  down,  and  soon  she  was  look- 
IIMlllHMIHHIIIHIIIU1IIMtHI|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIMMi|ll|ll|t||ltlllHHIIIHlillltlllllltllMiminilllllliimil||iliMII<llt 
Embroidery  Designs 
iMiuiiiiiiiiiiiiimmiMMiiiiimmMiiM(iiiiimuiiiiiiimaiu||ri)ioiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiioiii 
ing  better.  Before  night  she  was  walk¬ 
ing  around  and  picking  grass,  looked  al 
most  as  well  as  ever,  and  to-day  she  seems 
to  be  quite  well.  I  think  the  trouble 
might,  have  been  that  she  was  fed  too 
much  wheat,  and  having  eaten  it  early  in 
the  morning  did  not  want  grass,  hut  1 
think  turkeys  should  have  plenty  of  grass 
ami  green  things  which  they  like  to  pick, 
and  should  not  be  fed  wheat  till  in  the 
evening. 
We  can  learn  many  tilings  by  accident 
if  we  keep  our  eyes  open,  for  instance,  I 
just  recently  learned  that  peas  will  grow 
and  thrive  when  the  ground  freezes  every 
night.  I  saw  them  growing  in  n  spot  on 
our  garden  where  we  had  thrashed  peas 
last  year.  They  had  been  there  all  Win¬ 
ter  covered  with  hulls,  and  then  came  up 
early  while  the  weather  is  yet  cool  and 
ground  freezing  almost  every  night.  Some 
of  us  were  thinking  that  it.  would  not  be 
much  use  to  make  garden  till  it  should 
get  warmer,  but  there  is  proof  that  peas 
at  least  will  grow.  So  we  are  convinced 
that  we  'can  plant  them  as  early  as  we 
can  work  the  ground,  without  fear  of 
their  rotting  in  the  ground  or  being  killed 
by  freezing.  They  were  the  common  gar¬ 
den  peas;  most,  of  what  we  had  were 
wrinkled,  though  we  had  a  few  of  the 
smooth  kind. 
We  cook  a  little  different  here  from 
what  we  did  in  a  lower  altitude.  For  in¬ 
stance,  we  may  not  use  as  much  butter  in 
making  a  cake,  because  if  we  do  it  will 
fall.  I  knew  a  woman  who  came  directly 
from  the  East  to  the  high  altitude,  and 
when  we  told  her  we  could  not  make 
cakes  so  rich  here,  she  laughed,  and  pro¬ 
ceeded  to  show  us  that  she  could,  and  her 
cake  fell.  Then  it  was  our  time  to  laugh, 
because  she  could  not  believe  it  till  she 
had  tried  it  for  herself.  I  make  bread 
much  softer  here,  and  water  must,  bo 
ben  ted  to  a  higher  degree  before  it.  will 
boil,  and  of  course  other  things  the  same, 
i  just,  obtained  a  new  idea  in  this  line  the 
other  day.  My  sister-in-law,  who  lives 
nearby,  said  she  keeps  the  temperature  in 
her  inClibntor  a  little  high  on  account  of 
the  high  altitude.  She  has  just  taken  off 
two  good  hatches  of  chicks,  so  I  believe 
there  is  something  to  it,  and  I  am  trying 
it  with  our  incubators.  It  is  said  by  some 
who  are  in  a  position  to  know  that  many 
more  chickens  are  raised  in  the  East  than 
in  the  Middle  West,  where  the.  altitude  is 
high.  May  be  this  is  the  secret  in  the 
hatching;  just  keep  the  temperature  in 
the  incubator  about  one  or  1*4  degree 
higher  than  if  in  a  lower  altitude.  It  is 
a  sure  thing  the  altitude  makes  a  differ¬ 
ence  in  some  ways.  G.  A.  Q. 
I 
When  you  i vrite  advertisers  mention 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  and  you’ll  get 
a  quick  reply  and  a  “ square  deal.”  See 
guarantee  editorial  page. 
PURE,  FULL  STRENGTH 
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C/\  C  r*  C  C  FROM  IMPORTER 
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the  girls  who  want  good-looking 
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sturdy,  wear-proof  stockings, Durable 
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better  wear.  Durable  Durham  Ho¬ 
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toes  are  heavily  reinforced  and  the 
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