Oie  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
915 
| 
The  Safe  and  Sane  Fourth 
By  Josiah  Allen’s  Wife 
(Concluded  from  page  6155. ) 
ki'ep  a  hull  skin  and  a  sane  mind.  And  I 
think  it  is  high  time  to  stop  such  danger¬ 
ous  and  crazy  doings,  and  use  a  little 
common  sense  on  the  Fourth  of  July  as 
well  as  the  other  three  hundred  an  I  sixty- 
four  days  of  the  year.” 
Sez  Josiah  gloomily,  ‘‘How  can  folks 
Plan  for  Hot  Water  Treatment  of  Seed 
Grain.  Fig.  355 
use  common  sense  if  they  lm i n't  got  it V" 
That  man  will  sometimes  ask  deep 
questions  that  I  can't  answer  and  I  d'no 
as  anybody  else  can. 
Treatment  for  Smut  Disease 
Bulletin  No.  210  of  the  Kansas  Ex¬ 
periment  Station  at  Manhattan  discusses 
the  Smuts  of  Grain  and  Forage  Crops.” 
These  smuts  and  similar  diseases  cause  ’ 
great  losses  to  Kansas  crops.  Tin*  loss 
is  estimated  over  $3,000,000  for  the 
wheat,  with  a  total  of  about  $S.0oO.000 
for  all  grain.  There  is  no  real  cure  for 
the  corn  smut,  hut  the  other  diseases  may 
he  handled  so  as  to  cut  this  loss  down  ; 
to  a  smaller  figure.  There  are  two  gen¬ 
eral  methods  of  treating  the  seed  so  as 
to  destroy  the  germs  of  this  disease. 
For  the  loose  smut  of  barley  or  wheat, 
what  is  known  as  the  hot  water  treat¬ 
ment  is  advised.  The  picture  at  Fig. 
5155  shows  how  this  work  is  carried  out. 
Where  there  is  a  steam  pipe  available  j 
an  arrangement  is  made  like  that  in  the 
picture  at  Fig.  ."..To  with  pipe  run  down  j 
over  the  barrels  and  rubber  hose  eon- 
neetod.  The  water  in  the  first  barrel  is 
raised  to  about  1-50  deg.  while  the  water 
in  the  second  barrel  is  heated  to  132  | 
Sack  for  Treating  Seed  Grain.  Fig.  356 
deg.  The  seed  grain  is  put  into  a  bag 
or  sack  like  the  one  shown  at  Fig.  5556, 
with  a  stout  wire  arranged  so  as  to 
hold  the  end  of  the  sack  open.  This  is 
put  down  into  the  barrel  so  as  to  heat  it 
gently.  Then  this  sack  is  lifted  out  and 
put  into  the  second  barrel  with  the  water 
at  a  temperature  of  15451  degrees.  It  is 
held  there  for  about  15  minutes,  then 
taken  out  and  dried. 
The  other  method  of  treating  seed  oats 
and  some  forms  of  the  disease  in  other  j 
grains  is  by  soaking  in  a  solution  of 
formalin.  This  is  done  in  two  different 
ways.  Fig.  357  shows  the  immersion 
method.  A  barrel  is  cut  in  two,  one-  j 
half  placed  on  the  floor,  and  the  other 
on  a  table,  as  shown  in  the*  pictures.  Iu  the 
upper  barrel  is  a  solution  of  4->  gallons 
of  water  to  one  pint  of  formalin,  and 
the  seed  oats  are  dumped  into  this  water. 
Then  when  the  seed  has  beeu  fully 
soaked  the  water  is  drawn  off  through 
the  plug  into  tin*  lower  barrel.  This 
method  is  used  in  cases  where  tin*  seed  is 
very  bad,  and  contains  a  quantity  of 
smut  balls.  These  rise  to  the  surface  of 
the  water,  and  may  he  skimmed  and 
taken  off.  With  ordinary  seed  what  is 
known  as  the  sprinkling  method  is 
worked  out.  Here  the  oats  are  spread 
on  the  floor  and  thoroughly  sprinkled 
with  tin*  same  strength  of  solution  ns 
would  he  used  on  the  barley.  When  well 
wetted  w  ith  I  his  solution  the  oats  are  shov¬ 
elled  together  and  covered  with  a  blanket 
Casks  for  Formalin  Treatment.  Fig.  357 
for  about  two  hours.  The  theory  upon 
which  these  methods  are  based  is  that 
the  genus  of  smut  are  found  on  the  seed. 
If  they  are  not  removed  they  will  start 
into  life  when  the  grain  goes  into  the 
ground,  and  spread  and  develop  all 
through  the  plant.  This  treatment,  how¬ 
ever.  taken  in  time  to  destroy  the  germs, 
thus  gives  healthy  grain  and  plants. 
Early  Sweet  Corn 
Bulletin  115  of  the  Office  of  Foreign 
Seed  and  Plant  Introduction  refers  to 
the  Early  Malcolm  corn,  listed  in  the 
bulletin  as  Zea"  Mays  05751.  This  is  a 
selection  of  the  MalaknlV  corn  which  was 
introduced  h.v  Prof.  N.  E.  Hansen  from 
Russia  in  1002,  and  is  the  only  variety 
which  matures  regularly  in  Ottawa,  ac¬ 
cord fug  to  information  given  to  Mr.  Fair- 
child  last  Summer.  A  very  sweet  va¬ 
riety  has  been  produced  by  crossing  this 
Earl.v  Malcolm  with  the  squaw  corn,  a 
low-growing  variety  originated  by  tin* 
Indians  of  the  Western  plains.  A  cross 
between  the  Early  Malcolm  and  a  variety 
known  as  the  Early  Adams,  lias,  in  its 
sepond  filial  generation,  ripened  10  days 
earlier  than  e'tfier  parent. 
O  aion  Culture 
I  wish  tu  grow  about  400  bushels  of 
onions.  To  do  that  I  have  figured  that 
I  need  about  10  pounds  of  seed.  Is  that 
estimate  correct?  I  thought  of  planting 
the  Yellow  Globe  Danvers.  Is  that 
suitable  and  best  for  me  to  plant?  Will 
I  here  be  much  seed  or  young  plants 
wasted  when  the  thinning  is  done?  Is 
it  wise  to  leave  tin*  thinning  until  the 
young  plants  can  he  sold  as  table  onions? 
A  Men.  N.  Y.  c.  e.  n. 
If  you  are  a  beginner  in  onion  cul¬ 
ture,  I  could  suggest  no  better  variety 
than  the  Yellow  Globe  Danvers  which 
you  have  selected.  I  have  found  that 
five  pounds  of  onion  seed  per  acre  is  a 
great  sufficiency  provided  tin*  seed  is  first 
class.  The  average  yield  of  onions  per 
acre  in  New  York  State  is  approximate¬ 
ly  150  bushels.  Therefore  you  surely 
ought  to  be  able  to  grow  much  more  than 
400  bushels  with  your  10  pounds  of  see  I. 
I  doubt  very  much  if  it  would  be  a  pay¬ 
ing  proposition  to  thin  out  the  bunch 
onions  from  among  those  others  whi<  h 
a  re  to.  develop  their  bottoms.  The 
chances  are  that  the  work  of  weeding 
and  cultivation  would  take  so  much  >>t' 
your  time  that  the  one  line  of  work 
would  he  neglected  while  .von  would  be 
looking  after  the  other,  and  before  you 
ival'zcd  ii  tin*  standard  onions  would 
he  stunted.  Therefore  1  would  suggest 
that  by  all  means  the  thinning  out  would 
be  done  after  tin*  danger  of  maggots  is 
passed.  it.  n.  it. 
Liming  Wet  Land 
(>n  page  715!  yon  have  some  inquiries 
about  liming  wet  land  that  cannot  lie 
tilled.  We  have  such,  and  hy  allowing  a 
neighbor  to  slake  n  Carload  on  it.  we 
learned  that  we  could  grow  10  tint's  as 
much  grass  fm-  pasture,  on  our  wet  land 
by  liming  heavily,  and  have  limed  every 
other  year  since,  with  gre.il  results. 
Delaware.  a.  e.  kitten  house. 
A  Freak  of  Lightning. — One  day 
about  4  p.  in.  there  cairn*  a  heavy  thun¬ 
derstorm.  I  saw  a  heavy  streak,  or  bolt, 
of  lightning  strike  in  my  swamp  near 
where  the  lead  pipe  runs  that  brings  the 
water  to  my  Inutse  and  barn.  You  can¬ 
not  imagine  my  surprise  ns  I  went  in 
my  kitchen  before  daylight  the  next 
morning.  There  was  an  electric  light  on 
my  water  pipe:  it  was  no  larger  than 
the  end  of  a  match,  but  was  ;i  clear 
white  and  burned  Steadily.  I  had  re¬ 
paired  the  pipe:  in  doing  it  1  had  used 
:t  small  copper  wire.  It  wits  on  t lie*  end 
of  this  wire  that  the  light  was. 
SOI.ON  FINN. 
TIMK  F,  N 
ROM 
E  R 
B  E A RINGS 
NORliVKF  &  M ARM OX  Co. 
IndiatvipolU, 
J^n-Detrou  front  >mJmrA«ie, 
upend  i.'.ir  wheel*.  |>i  ,04 
•Uiut  Jiul  i.n  (tie  1  union  •bp*. 
t  m  ttirffjontKhfrcU. 
M  \KMOiV  MX- 1 1  lee. 
wub  TnrRtcn  lfc.uing>  mffTw 
knti.  tie  bend.  V.  (he  UinTfvl 
M  vld  511  U-i*  I  viukco  ITeaiim; 
Olds  Moron  Works  ...  .  .  L.in*tn£,  Mich. 
Q|  DSVIniill.F  s|X-5l,  /**,  4:1  4iul  it  lei ve  Timken  (foulin' • 
in  tluCfoiulAlictU. 
OVFRIANO 
See  Will i-j-Oht hud  Co, 
r AtK.xtm  Motor  Car  Co.  ...  Detroit,  Mich. 
All  mud . l  love  itmkru  Ucannpin 
pj  I  HI  I  S?  Motor  Cak  Company  .  Cleveland.  Ohio 
*  l-lcht  I  u  til"  Inn  TiniL.oj.p. omit  front  and  rear  Ax!**  widi 
I  nnii*r«  K.  1 1  i  1  iu .  In  UcqTohptiul  rrur  w  al dlffcrwtitiaj,  on 
;;  >■  (union  boll  u„d  li'JIiZIran«mi-UOrt.  Ullicf  Model-'  have 
I  Milken  U'  jj,(|g,  In  IffiCn. ntXGiceU 
riFHcr- Arrow  Motor  (  \u  Co.  .  .  .  Buffalo.  y. 
All  ui&JcW  have  Tlnii.ua  Hearing  In^fninJanJ  reir  uh(v!-. 
Pilot  Motor  Car  Co.  . . Richmond,  Ind. 
I  ARGE  NIX  tm  Ti  iiki-rt- P-ifuli  front  ami  tour  A«e  ,  r  , 
I  ARGE  .'d\  fin  T iruki-n. JV-trall  hunt  ami  rour  A*le.  .Htb 
T.mken  Hi  in..,:,  m  Grant),  ml  mr  whwl*.  tM  u»c  .kcm- 
kauewe  head*  ami  -»(  die  d.HctciitjjL 
Pk,»  it” 
Src  Elkhart  Carnage  i  Barn***  Mfg,  Co* 
Put  mu  r Motor  Manci  actvriXCCo. 
1).  .  lndtin.»j#uh>,  Ind 
Tlelruir  I  ram  and  rear 
r-ud  «<*ar  utlws  ,1  *|,c 
Uic  'ciujuu  nou. 
Firm  ter  SIX  At)  Hu>  Tin 
AxUm  with  1  t.nkrri  llv.iilMr.*  »ty 
UtQcrcMul.  on  the  piaiun  Umu  an 
Kl. 
.Mol UK  CAR  L  O.  ....  I  -AU'iilvt,  Mich 
St.  I'atli.ifim.**.  Out 
IU  O  THE  I  II  Til  hit  Tiink'*n  Bfjqti.'.  m  rli^ffrwn^whor  >. 
at  (lie  ililTCirnthtJ  -mil  nn  tGi*  i.fntoi,  -l.alt.  AiTTiAi  u  Ii 
Timken  Bennnv*  ill  CufTm.nQmil  rnr  whorlr.  ji  '.hi  iUTcKMiuJ 
and  on  the  pinion  Aftalt. 
Kv.i.'  >n‘u  1  ot'NG  Mactttn'e  Co. 
kiRlti  cylimbt  Mn*|r|  t  I.uA.- 
wnh  Timken  Ur»?in«*  i»gtmnl> 
*«-»!  and  on  the  Platon  Utah. 
«  .  Detroit,  Mich 
rn-tktrolt  llvml  and  1r.11  V*lr» 
tod  IOM  »bcc».  Ai  the  Uittcrva- 
Saxon  Motor  to.  Detroit,  3 
S...IIU  SIX  tin*  TituhfilljV' 'IK  Ir-MH  md  rear  .Vale*  With 
Timken  IkMinu  laCcmG.n.n  »*•.»»  wlw*’*,  ,t  tin*  iliKynntiil 
MU.I  CH.  tlir  |tm.on  .n.d<-  -JxwU  l  OCR  (ia»  Timken  Uranug 
nil  tear  end  ut  luunut  -liail. 
Sum.i\  Aurnuotm.KCo'irvxY  New  Bruu.wick,  N.  J 
,P*.  50  And  i  A  |J,  I*,  have  1  Mil  k  <~1  ■  Hear,  ti.; ,  uu  •  In-  -  *  i?rr,rii(  worni 
*b»(i.  CHAXK  Made!  tRlup'iCA  auuibet  live  ha*  Titnkru  Real. 
iuilri»n*ja  hxvl*. 
Note:  Sr#  Elevlm  Pl*«*ura  Car*,  paga  7j  Elactrle  Industrial,  p,{, 
Tl  Electric  ComintrciaJ,  page  Si  6*»alm*  Commarclnl,  p«g«  9. 
Why  do  you  find  Timken 
Roller  Bearings  in  the  Front 
Wheels  of  159  makes  of  Pleas¬ 
ure  and  Commercial  Cars? 
For  the  same  reason  that  you  often  find 
steel  used  in  preference  to  cast  iron — for 
longer  life  and  better  service. 
These  159  manufacturers  know  the  abso¬ 
lute,  vital  necessity  of  bearing  quality  at  the 
one  place  in  a  motor  car  where  bearings  must 
meet  the  severest  combination  of  load,  end- 
thrust,  vibration  and  the  pound  and  hammer 
that  is  ever  present  while  the  car  is  in  motion. 
These  car  builders  willingly  pay  more  for 
Timken  Bearings  to  be  used  at  the  points  of 
hard  service  although  they  could  buy  others 
at  much  lower  cost.  They  believe  that  the 
satisfaction  of  their  customers  more  than 
offsets  the  difference  in  price. 
They  know  that  Timken  Bearings  are  designed 
to  meet  the  fierce  assaults  of  jolt,  end-thrust  and 
This  is  just  one  page  of  the  booklet  " The  Companies  Timken 
Keeps,”  which  tells  you  not  only  WHO  uses  Tanker.  Hearings, 
but  exactly  WHERE  they  use  them. 
vibration — that  they  postpone  the  day  of  wear 
for  thousands  of  miles.  That  when  slight;  wear 
does  come,  as  it  w  ill  in  any  make  of  bearing,  it 
can  instantly  be  overcome  by  a  simple  adjustment, 
making  the  bearing  as  good  as  new,  without  ex¬ 
pensive  replacements  or  renewal  of  parts. 
Send  for  Booklet  F-26,  “The  Companies  Timken  Keeps,” 
see  what  cars  Have  Timken  Bearings,  and  note  that  they 
are  in  every  case  used  at  one  or  more  of  the  hard-service 
points — wheels,  differential,  pinion,  worm,  transmission. 
With  this  book  you'll  receive  another,  “The  Care  and 
Character  of  Bearings,”  which  tells  how  anti- friction 
bearings  are  designed  and  u=>ed. 
It  will  give  you  a  convincing  answer  to  that  ques¬ 
tion  “Why?” 
There  ere  many  sizes  of  Timken  Hearings  but  only  one  quality. 
VR«B*/  THE  TIMKEN  ROLLER  BEARING  COMPANY  Vjiy/ 
VS)/  Canton,  Ohio  VJ)/ 
