1038 
TShe  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
July  29,  1918, 
Live  Stock  and  Dairy 
Cooling  Milk  on  the  Farm 
Part  ir. 
Location  of  Tank. — The  tank  should 
be  located  outside  the  cow  barn  in  a 
clean  room  where  the  air  is  pure.  The 
water  in  the  tank  should  be  kept  fresh 
aud  clean.  The  covers  of  the  cans  can 
be  left  tilted  until  the  milk  is  cooled. 
When  cooling  milk  in  running  water  the 
intake  and  outgo  should  lie  so  regulated 
that  tlie  water  at  all  times  comes  up 
around  the  neck  of  the  can.  The  water 
must  enter  the  tank  at  the  bottom.  This 
is  very  important  as  will  lie  shown  later. 
By  Stirring  the  milk  two  or  three  times 
during  the  first  hour  or  two  cooling  will 
go  on  more  rapidly.  The  following  table 
shows  the  results  of  cooling  milk  in  run¬ 
ning  water  at  54°  F. 
Table  TI,  showing  time  required  for  cooling  40 
quart  cans  ot'  mill,  in  running  water  at  a 
temperature  of  54°  F. 
Time. 
Temperature  °  F. 
Milk  Stirred  Milk  Not  Stirred 
Water 
8  A. 
M. . 
.  92 
92 
54 
s :  1  r, 
7(» 
r.7 
8:30 
.  70 
01 
f  •  4  r. 
.  c**i 
t  1 
57 
9 :00 
.  02 
TO 
IT;  • 
9  15 
.  •  **- 
00 
68 
9  *>() 
.  r.8 
07 
55.5 
ft 
r*  s 
r<» 
l(»:"d 
.  r>7 
r»  04 
54 
10:15 
-j  | 
04 
54 
ff  I*. 
M. 
ro 
•• 
Since  milk  should  be  cooled  to  60°  F. 
or  below,  running  water  that  is  not  be¬ 
low  50°  F.  is  not  satisfactory.  Again  it 
is  shown  that  stirring  the  milk  aids  mate¬ 
rially  in  the  cooling.  It  is  interesting  to 
note  the  rise  in  temperature  of  the  water 
when  the  warm  milk  is  set  into  it.  In 
two  hours  it  conies  back  to  its  original 
temperature.  While  it  is  much  better  to 
cool  milk  with  water  at  this  temperature 
than  to  not  cool  it  at  all.  or  to  set  it  into 
a  refrigerator,  it  is  not  as  satisfactory  as 
using  ice  as  is  shown  in  the  next  table. 
Table  TIT,  showing  time  required  for  cooling  40 
quart  cans  of  milk  in  ice  water  at  4.3  “  F. 
Time. 
T 
‘inpera titre  °  F. 
Milk  Stirred 
Milk  Not  Stirred 
Ice 
Water 
8  A.  M. 
92 
92 
43 
8:15  . 
.  72 
43 
8:30  .... 
.  04 
44 
8:45  .... 
.  58 
?i 
45 
9:00  . 
.  54 
00 
43.5 
9:15  .... 
.  r>o 
02 
9:30  . 
.  48.5 
00 
9-45  . 
.  47 
58 
43 
10:00  .... 
.  40 
58 
10:15  .... 
.  45 
58 
42 
G  P.  M. 
44 
This  table  shows  that  it  is  possible  to 
cool  a  40-quart  can  of  milk  in  ice  water 
to  practically  as  low  a  temperature  in 
two  hours  as  it  can  be  cooled  in  running 
water  at  54°  F.  iu  10  hours.  Note  that 
by  stirring  the  milk  it  is  cooled  to  45°  F. 
in  two  hours  15  minutes.  This  is  rapid 
cooling,  and  is  an  entirely  practical 
method  of  cooling  canned  milk  where  ice 
is  available.  The  size  of  the  can  and  the 
material  from-  which  it  is  made  have  a 
decided  influence  upon  the  time  required 
to  cool  the  milk  in  that  can,  as  the  re¬ 
sults  set  forth  in  the  following  tables 
will  show. 
Tabic  IV,  showing  effect  of  size  of  can  and  ma¬ 
terial  from  which  it  is  made  upon  rapidity 
of  cooling  in  running  water  at  54°  F. 
Time. 
Temperature  0  F. 
40  Quart 
20  Quart  18  Quart 
Can 
Cun  Slmf  (inn 
Can 
8  A. 
M .  92 
92  92 
8:15 
.  70 
70  08 
8:30 
.  70 
03  r»a 
8:45 
.  (w* 
00  58  . 
9  ;00 
.  02 
58  50 
9 : 1 5 
.  <><) 
58  00 
9:30 
.  58 
07 
9:45 
.  58 
10:00 
.  57.5 
10:15 
.  57 
.. 
In 
this  experiment  the  milk  in  all  the 
cans 
was  stirred  every 
15  minutes.  The 
40  and  20-quart  cans 
were  of  the  New 
York 
pattern,  made  of 
heavy  steel,  while 
the  Shotgun  can  was  made  of  much  light- 
cr  material,  The  insult 
diameter  of  these 
cans 
Wits  8  inches,  9.5  inches  and  12.5 
inches  respectively.  This  table  shows 
that  a  20-quart  can  of  milk  set  in  same 
tank  of  water  with  a  40-quart  can  of 
milk  will  be  cooled  practically  as  much 
in  one  hour  as  the  40-quart  can  of  milk 
in  two  hours.  In  the  shotgun  can  this 
point  is  reached  iu  45  minutes,  and  iu  oue 
hour  the  milk  is  oue  degree  colder  than 
the  milk  iu  the  40-quart  can  in  two  hours 
and  15  minutes. 
Tab'o  V.  showing  effect  of  size  of  the  can  and 
the  material  from  which  it  is  mad'e  upon 
rapidity  of  cooling  in  ice  water  at  43 :  F. 
Time. 
Temperature  0 
F. 
40  Quart 
20  Quart 
18  Quart 
Can 
Can 
Shot  Gun 
Can 
8  A.  M.  . 
.  02 
92 
92 
8:15  . 
.  72 
00 
02 
8-30  . 
.  04 
r>n 
r>c> 
•  1*1  •  •  •  •  • 
9:  CO  . 
.  54 
50 
48 
9  15  . 
.  no 
40.5 
9  3i  . 
.  48.5 
40 
44.5 
.  47 
30:no  . 
.  40 
10:1.5  . 
.  45 
In  this  table  we  see  results  like  those 
in  table  IV,  except  that  the  temperatures 
attained  are  much  lower  with  the  ice 
water.  In  either  the  20-quart  or  shot¬ 
gun  cans  tin1  milk  is  cooled  to  50g  or  be¬ 
low  in  one  hour.  The  milk  in  all  the  cans 
was  stirred  every  15  minutes.  The  same 
general  results  were  secured  when  the 
milk  was  not  stirred.  (The  temperatures 
attained  were,  of  course,  not  so  low. 
The  next  table  shows  the  relative  time 
required  to  cool  a  20-quart  can  full  of 
milk  and  one  that  is  only  two-thirds  full. 
Table  VI,  showing  relative  time  required  to  cool 
a  30  quart  can  full  of  milk  and  one 
that  is  2-3  full. 
Time.  Temperature  °  F. 
Can  Full  Can  2  3  Full 
8:30  .  02  93 
8:45  .  72  f‘S 
9:00  .  04  "7 
9,15  .  58  52 
9:30  .  54  49 
9:45  .  50  40 
10:00  .  48.5  45 
11:00  .  44 
11:30  .  43 
The  table  shows  the  part  can  of  milk  to 
be  as  cold  in  hours  as  the  full  can 
was  irntwo  hours.  In  this  experiment  ice 
water  was  used  and  the  milk  stirred 
when  the  temperature  was  taken;  20- 
quart  cans  were  used. 
Since  it  is  important  to  have  water 
come  up  around  neck  of  can  an  experi¬ 
ment  was  carried  out  showing  the  tem¬ 
peratures  obtained  when  the  water  came 
up  two-thirds  the  way  on  the  side  of  the 
can,  and  when  it  came  up  around  neck  of 
can,  can  being  full  of  milk  in  both  cases. 
The  results  are  set  forth  in  Table  VII. 
Table  VII,  showing  effect  of  height  of  water  in 
cooling  tank  upon  the  rapidity  of  cooling. 
Time  Temperature  F. 
Water  around  Water  2-3  up  on 
•  neck  of  can  side  of  can 
8.’")  . 
.  92 
92 
8:45  . 
.  72 
7S 
9 :00  . 
.  04 
<*o 
9  15  . 
.  58 
03 
9-30  . 
.  54 
58 
9:45  . 
.  50 
nr» 
10:00  . 
.  48.5 
52.5 
Ice  water  was  used  and  the  milk  stirred 
every  15  minutes.  At  the  end  of  two 
hours  the  milk  iu  the  can  partially  cov¬ 
ered  with  water  is  4°  F.  higher  than  the 
milk  in  the  other  can.  Ilad  the  milk  not 
been  stirred  the  difference  would  have 
been  greater  and  the  temperatures  higher. 
The  figures  which  have  been  given,  of 
course,  would  not  be  the  same  under  all 
conditions.  The  cooling  tank  was  located 
in  a  room  at  60°  F.  on  the  day  the  work 
was  done,  The  figures  are  given  to  show  ! 
comparative  results  which  would  be  ob¬ 
tained  under  all  conditions.  n.  F.  j. 
Feed  for  Hogs 
What  is  the  best  feed  to  give  hogs  to 
make  them  as  big  a*>  possible  by  Fall? 
Cost  is  no  item.  Except  that  I  have  no 
milk.  O.  H. 
Pennsylvania. 
It  is  unfortunate  that  O.  II.  disre¬ 
gards  entirely  the  matter  of  cost  in  his 
selection  of  a  ration  for  feeding  pigs. 
This  economic  principle  is  lost  sight  of  in 
too  many  instances,  and  is  responsible 
for  many  disappointments,  for  the  prin¬ 
ciple  maintains  on  a  large  scale.  Not 
knowing,  however,  the  current  prices  of 
food  stuffs  in  his  section,  aud  having  no 
information  concerning  the  products  that 
he  lias  on  hand,  I  would  recommend  the 
installation  of  a  self-feeder,  aud  would 
place  iu  this  feeder  in  its  various  com¬ 
partments  hominy  meal,  shelled  corn,  and 
digester  tankage,  and  let  the  animals 
have  all  that  they  will  eat  of  the  various 
ingredients,  keeping  before  them  in  addi¬ 
tion  all  the  fresh  water  that  they  will 
want,  as  well  as  permitting  them  to  have 
access  to  a  mineral  mixture  made  up  of 
equal  parts  of  salt,  bone  meal,  charcoal 
and  air-slaked  lime.  f.  c.  m. 
Grain  with  Pasture 
Cows  go  to  pasture  at  7.30  and  are  at 
the  baru  at  3.30  P.  M„  but  will  eat  a 
half  grain  ration.  Pasture  good  now. 
Would  it  pay  to  take  away  all  grain  and 
let,  them  rustle  in  pasture  two  hours 
longer?  Would  they  respond  better  when 
started  on  grain  again  in  midsummer? 
Cows  in  fair  flesh,  llow  is  tbs  ration  on 
this  pasture :  Bran,  2  lbs. :  hominy,  4 
lbs.;  cottonseed  meal,  1  lb.  per  day;  cow 
giving  35  lbs.  5.3%  milk  per  day.  F.  B. 
Maine. 
Since  your  pasture  is  good  I  should 
try  taking  grain  away  from  cows  gradu¬ 
ally.  Watch  the  milk  sheet  closely,  and 
if  they  do  not  shrink  appreciably  you  can 
get  along  with  little  or  no  grain.  The 
milk  sheet  is  a  particularly  important 
guide  to  feeding  iu  the  Summer,  and 
when  pastures  begin  to  get  short  aud 
cows  to  show  the  effect  of  it,  come  back 
to  grain  ration  again  The  ration  you 
are  feeding  is  all  right.  H.  F.  j. 
Cow  and  Calf 
I  have  a  two-year-old  Holstein  cow 
that  gave  when  I  bought  her.  two  weeks 
ago  from  14  to  15  quarts  of  milk  daily. 
She  had  been  kept  in  a  barn  and  was 
quite  poor  but  I  turned  her  out  to  pas¬ 
ture  where  her  two  months’  old  ealf  is 
pastured.  The  supply  of  milk  fell  from 
14*4  quarts  to  10  or  11  quarts.  What 
was  the  reason?  Does  the  calf  worry  her 
so  she  won’t  eat?  The  other  night  I  gave 
her  a  bunch  of  fresh  grass  clippings  and 
she  ate  it  up  clean,  The  next  morning 
she  gave  eight  full  quarts.  She  appears 
very  balky  when  near  her  calf.  Will 
you  give  me  a  balanced  grain  ration 
which  will  do  to  give  her  while  at  pas¬ 
ture  and  another  to  give  her  after  leav¬ 
ing?  I  have  no  silo  but  can  get  several 
different  kinds  of  feeds.  Would  mangels 
be  good  for  her  this  Winter?  If  so 
what  amount  and  how  often?  G.  b.  j. 
Maine. 
There  is  probably  no  doubt  that  the 
calf  is  sucking  its  mother  in  the  pasture. 
For  a  grain  ration  to  supplement 
pasture  use  Iwo  parts  hominy,  or  two 
parts  corumeul,  one  part  bran,  and  one 
part  middlings.  Feed  this  at  the  rate 
of  one  pound  to  five  or  six  pounds  of  milk 
produced  daily  as  long  as  pasture  is  rea¬ 
sonably  good.  Since  you  will  have  no 
silage,  mangels  will  prove  a  most  excel¬ 
lent  feed  for  your  cow  next  Winter. 
Feed  about  20  lbs.  daily. 
A  Winter  ration  that  would  be  bal¬ 
anced  and  palatable  would  be:  IS  lbs. 
mixed  bay,  20  lbs.  mangels,  and  a  grain 
ration  made  up  of  3  parts  distillers* 
grains,  1*4  parts  cottonseed  meal,  1  part 
gluten,  1  part  middlings,  1  per  cent.  salt. 
I  cannot  say  that  this  will  be  the  most 
economical  ration  to  feed  next  Winter  if 
feeds  are  bought  as  used,  because  prices 
are  subject  to  changes.  ii.  F.  j. 
‘‘Now,  what  do  you  want?”  asked  the 
sharp-tempered  woman.  “I  called  to  see 
if  I  could  sell  you  some  bakin'  powder, 
ma’am.”  said  the  seedy  gentleman  with 
the  staggering  whiskers.  ‘Well,  you 
can’t  sell  no  bakin’  powder  here,  and 
I  ain’t  got  no  time  to  waste  on  pedlers, 
anyway. ”  ‘‘Come  to  think  of  it,  ma'am,” 
said  tin*  seedy  gentleman,  as  be  fastened 
bis  bag,  “I  wouldn't  care  to  sell  you  any 
powder.  This  poky  little  kitchen  of  yours 
is  so  knv  in  the  ceilin’  that  the  bread 
wouldn’t  have  no  chance  to  rise.” — • 
Dallas  News. 
GUERNSEYS 
LOCHEVAN  FARM 
GUERNSEYS 
Bulls  toady  for  service  out  of  10  and  11,000-lb.  A.  R. 
cows.  Prices,  cheap. 
H.  KELLOGG,  Mgr.  -  Derby,  N.  Y. 
For  Sale-F our  Guernsey  Bulls 
10  months  to  3  years  old.  exceptionally  well  bred, 
rich  in  Mood  of  May  Bomi,  Langwater  Dictator,  and 
Dairymaid  of  Pinuliuist.  Pedigrees  and  prices. 
Sunny  side  Stock  J'urin  _  Kiegelsville,  l‘n. 
Grade  Guernseys  for  Sale 
25  extra  fancy,  nicely  marked  yellow  aud  white,  of 
good  s'zb  and  age.  Most  all  due  to  freshen  this  fall. 
Fred  M .  I  Jen  n  eti .  Mohawk  farm,  Fulton  ville.N.Y. 
For  Sale— GUERNSEY  BULL 
ready  for  service. 
A  Iso  one  four  months 
old.  Prices  reasonable,  JOHN  W.  COOPER,  Pineville,  Pa 
JERSEYS 
M  e  rid  ale 
Jerseys 
A  choice  lot  of  breeding  bulls,  rc3dy  for 
service  in  the  fall,  are  offered  from  the 
Meridale  herd  at  attractive  prices  during 
the  summer  months.  They  are  sired  by 
bulls  of  wide  reputation,  and  out  of  Reg¬ 
ister  of  Mere  dams.  The  blood  lines  back 
of  them  arc  described  in  “Meridale  Jer¬ 
sey.;.”  a  copy  of  which  will  gladly  be 
mailed  on  request. 
ayer  &  McKinney 
300  Chestnut  St.,  Philadelphia,  Penna. 
On  Account  of  the  Destruction  of  My  Cow  Barn 
and  lack  of  accommodation,  I  WILL  SELL  THIRTY  HEAD 
HIGH  QUALITY  Registered  .Jersey  Cows,  all  tested 
yearly  for  Tuberculosis  Prices  low  Also  heifers 
and  calves.  Write  or  come  and  see  thorn.  CHARLES 
G.  FOSTER.  P.  0.  Bax  173,  Morristown  Morns  Co.,  N  J. 
JERSEY  CATTLE  FOR  PROFIT 
Bull  calves.  $25  and  tip:  heifers.  $50  and  up.  All 
registered.  R.  E  (SHANNON,  Reiudtaw  Bldn.  Pittshuruh,  Pa. 
HOLSTEINS 
WE  OFFER  for  SALE 
Bull  Calf  No.  159 
Born  Feb.  1 7th,  1916 
Sire:  Maplecrest  Pontiac  De  Kol  Boy  whose 
first  two  daughters  average  18  lbs.  butter,  as 
two  year  old  cows.  A  son  of  Pontiac  Aaggie 
Korndyke.who  has  three  1200  lb.  daughters  and 
five  over  1000  lbs. 
Dam:  Has  a  20.958  lb.  record  as  a  four  year 
old,  a  semi-official  record  of  13,965  lbs.  milk 
and  538  lbs.  butter. 
Nicely  marked,  about  half  and  half, 
a  fine  individual  and  well  grown 
Price  -  $120.00 
Address  H.  E.  BRAY,  Farm  Supt. 
Cleveland  City  Farm  Warrensville,  Ohio 
Grade  Holsteins  for  Sale 
0(1(1  extra  fancy,  well  bred  and  nicely  marked  cows 
‘■uu  A  imbiber  are  recently  fresh  and  others  due  to 
freshen  within  GO  days.  They  are  heavy  producers 
and  will  please  you.  Price  3*75  to  3*135  per  head 
1  flfl  birgo.  wall  bred  two  and  three  year  old  heifers 
,y*'bred  to  good  registered  11.  F.  bulls.  Price  >S05 
to 3*75  per  hca-i,  Two  line  wyii  bred  heifer  calves 
and  one  pure  bred  Holstein  bull  ealf  for  3*50. 
F.  P.  SAUNDERS  &  SON  Sprimidale  Farms,  Cortland.  N  Y- 
IfYouGould  Buy  21  A.  R.O.Gows 
three  10  years  old,  rest  under  7  \  rs.  average  yrs. 
old,  tree  rroin  contagious  abortion  ami  tuberculosis, 
average  milk  last  {acta lion  period  S.OUU  lbs.  each, 
average  last  six  mouths  8,000  Ins.  cnoh.  YVhut  would 
they  be  worth  to  you?  See  them  at  the  Farm  until 
August  tirst  aud  at  the  Brattleboro,  Vermont  sale 
aftert Inn.  Must,  dispose  outturn  to  mako  room  for 
heifers  Irotn  pasture. 
JUSTAMERF.  FARM,  MIDDI.ETOWN  SPRINGS.  VERMONT 
East  River  Grade  Holsteins  For  Sale 
50  Cows  just  fresh,  the  kind  that  HU  the 
pail,  come  and  see  them  milked  or  milk  them 
yourselves. 
30  Cows  due  to  calf  soon. 
10  Itegistered  bulls,  extra  good  breeding. 
25  Heifer  calves  ten  days  old,  all  sired 
by  registered  bulls. 
JOHN  B.  WEBSTER, 
Dept  V,  Cortland,  N.  Y.  Hell  Phone  14.  F.  5 
For  Sale-Hoistein  Bull  mJnxiHts  old1 
Sired  by  King  Sngis  Pontiac  ideal. who  combine,  tha 
blood  in  tlui  closet  manner  possible  of  King  of  the 
l’outiaotqK  nigSagD,  Pontiac  Korn  dyke  aud  Beneer- 
vnld  De  Kol.  ron>  of  the  greatest,  bulls  of  the  breed. 
Dam.  a  22-)h.  rocniil.  her  Sire's  Dam  lias  record  of 
31.70.  Tina  ealf  is  iff  white—*  good  lhdiv  iduul  bis  six 
nnanegt  Dam's  nvarngo  over  29  lb.,  of  hatter  in  7  days. 
Price,  $100.  Also  one,  15  months  old  l>y  -a me  Sire. 
Dam  has  23-lb.  record  and  is  a  granddaughter  of 
Kingof  thePontiacs.  A  good  individual  about  half 
white.  Price,  $75.  WARNER  STOCK  FARM,  Warner,  N  Y. 
Spot  Farm  Holsteins,  $15 
Supply  sold  to  Aug.  1st.  Place 
y»ur order  now  for  V,  HoLstem 
half  or  calves,  tli  each,  express 
paid  In  lota  of  5  tndeliver  lu  Sep¬ 
tember.  October  amt  Novem¬ 
ber.  12  regbtered  heifers,  *150 
each.  11  registered  hciferealves, 
*100  each.  Registered  bulls,  *25 
up.  3  carloads  of  high  grade 
belters,  registered  and  high 
grade  cows  and  Bei  kwii  re  pigs. 
JOHN  C.  REACAN.Tully.N.  Y, 
Uni  Breed  up,  not  down.  Cheap  bulls 
iiuuu  I  Lino  are  pie  most  expensive.  Wo  offer 
l  egisturnd  sons  of  a  35.61  lb.  sire,  A.  U,  O.  dams,  at 
$125,  easy  payments.  Farmers  can't  afford  to  use 
w-rtiliH  at  these  prices.  Send  for  pedigrees. 
CLOVEKUALE  FARM,  CHAKLOTTE,  N.  V  . 
Holstein-Friesian  Bull  Calves  r" 
offer.  THE  GATES  HOMESTEAD  FARM.  Chittenangr  N.  Y 
Grace  Riverside  Pontiac  Hazel  170783 
Tliis  bull,  horn  Dec.,  1914,  traces  3  times  to  tha 
latest  World's  Champion — 31.343.4  lbs.  milk  1  year 
First  check  $75  gets  him.  F.  H.  WOOD,  Cortland.  N.  Y 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Ahpivlppn  An«itc_,r,,e  boot  breed  for  the  Fast 
HDeraeenHngUSArUsonFstriu.Arinotik.N.V 
OUR  NEW  HANDY  BINDER 
sides  are  heavy  Book  Board,  Imitation  Leather 
Back  and  Corners,  Cloth  Hides,  Two  Tongues  Inside, 
Inside  of  Cover  Pfeat  Lining  Paper,  Stamped  in 
Hold  — ‘  IfunAi,  Nitw  Yoitiam"— on  outside. 
Will  hold  52  issues,  or  more.  Sent  prepaid 
upon  receipt  of  price,  50c. 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
333  West  30th  St.  New  York  City 
