The  Cost  of  Producing  Milk 
A  New  York  Dairyman’s  Figures 
[Mr.  Fred  ]  >,  Spencer  read  the  following  paper  at  tlie 
hearing  before  the  Wicks  Investigating  Committee  at 
Owego.  N.  Y.  He  also  at  Our  request,  gives  his  impres¬ 
sions  of  this  hearing.] 
As  a  representative  of  the  Farmers’  Co-operative 
Union  of  Tioga  Center,  N.  Y.  I  submit  the  following 
report  to  you  of  my  experience  in  the  dairy  business 
for  the  last  year. 
MONEY  INVERTED.— Farm  of  100  acres.  $3,500; 
three  horses.  $450;  12  cows  at.  $75  each.  $000.  Farm 
tools,  harnesses,  wagons,  etc,,  $350,  or  a  total  of  $5,200. 
I  received  for  the  milk  that  I  sold  $1,401.60,  or  an  av¬ 
erage  of  $110.80  per  cow.  It  cost  me  to  produce  this 
milk  the  total  expense  of  the  operating  of  the  farm,  ns 
that  was  all  I  sold  from  the  farm  during  1015. 
EXPENSES. — The  expenses  was  as  follows:  Seeds, 
$00.08 ;  feed,  $301.28;  hired  labor,  $305.75;  general 
repairs,  such  ns  blacksmith  bills,  repairs  on  wagons 
and  machinery,  fence  wire,  wear  of  machinery  and  in¬ 
cidental  expenses,  which  are  too  numerous  to  itemize 
here,  $128.73;  silo  tilling,  $43.75;  thrashing,  $11.25; 
fertilizer  and  lime,  $87  ;  taxes,  $28.37 ;  insurance.  $7.08; 
veterinary  services,  $12;  loss  by  death  of  a  cow,  $75; 
depreciation  in  the  value  of  the  stock  and  horses  on 
account,  of  age,  etc.,  $75,  or  a  total  of  $1,110.00.  Add 
to  this  amount  the  interest  at  6  per  cent.,  which  is 
$312.  would  make  a  grand  total  of  $1,421.00,  which 
would  leave  me  loser  of  $10.40. 
PRICE  OF  MILK.— I  received  for  tins  milk  an  aver¬ 
age  of  $1.00  per  hundred  pounds,  or  about  31-5  cents 
per  quart.  The  consumer  pays  not  less  than  10c.  per 
quart  for  it.  and  in  many  cases  more.  We  would  like 
to  know  where  the  0  4-5  cents  goes  that  the  consumer 
pays  more  for  this  milk  than  the  producer  receives  for 
it?  We  will  allow  that  it  costs  2  4-5  cents  to  get.  it  to 
the  consumer  after  it  is  delivered  by  us  to  the  creamery 
or  milk  station,  which  we  will  account  for  in  this 
manner:  One  cent  at  each  end  of  the  route  for  tin? 
handling  of  it  and  4-5  of  a  cent  for  transportation 
charges.  This  means  that,  a  station  which  handles  2.500 
quarts  daily  would  be  allowed  $50  a  day.  This  is  a 
fair  average  amount.  This  would  make  the  milk  cost 
delivered  to  the  consumer  6c.  We  concede  that  the 
milk  dealer  is  entitled  to  a  fair  and  just  profit ;  but  we 
do  not  believe  he  should  make  a  profit  larger  than  the 
producer  receives  for  the  milk  delivered  to  the  milk 
station  or  creamery.  The  dealer  should  be  willing  to 
divide  with  the  producer  and  allow  him  enough  so  that 
be  would  receive  something  for  his  labor  and  a  fair 
rate  of  interest  on  his  investment.  There  seems  to  be 
4c.  per  quart  going  to  some  one  that  we  cannot  account 
for.  Let  us  consider  if  you  please  that  the  producer 
is  allowed  40c.  more  a  hundred  for  the  milk,  which 
would  make  about  8-10  of  a  cent  a  quart,  which  would 
still  leave  3  2-10  cents  profit  unaccounted  for  between 
the  producer,  the  dealer  and  the  consumer.  What  would 
he  the  result?  I  would  have  received  $1,752  instead  of 
$1,401.60,  which  would  have  given  me  for  my  year's 
work  $350.01,  which  is  only  $25.16  more  than  T  paid  for 
labor  during  the  year.  I  believe  you  will  agree  with  me 
that  I  COuhl  have  earned  much  more  than  this  amount 
at  any  kind  of  labor  and  only  worked  10  hours  daily, 
instead  of  12  to  16.  Yon  will  also  agree  with  me  that 
it  would  he  a  very  difficult  matter  to  hire  a  good  re'i- 
alde  man  for  this  amount, 
PROP  CONDITIONS. — You  may  say  that  last  year 
was  a  very  bad  year  for  the  dairy  business,  and  that 
the  average  year  would  result  in  a  good  profit  for  the 
dairyman.  If  last  year  was  a  had  year,  owing  to 
weather  conditions,  limv  about  this  year  as  we  look  at  it 
row?  A  very  large  per  cent,  of  us  feel  very  gloomy  in¬ 
deed,  as  (he  weather  conditions  prevented  us  from 
tilling  the  land  until  after  about  the  middle  of  June. 
As  a  comparison  I  would  tell  you  what  I  have  accom¬ 
plished.  I  should  have  sown  25  acres  of  oats,  and  have 
about  10  acres.  I  should  have  20  or  more  acres  of 
buckwheat,  and  haven't,  any  ns  yet.  I  should  have 
planted  two  or  three  acres  of  Stub  or  native  corn,  and 
haven’t  any,  and  it  is  too  late  now  to  plant.  Silo  corn 
is  from  four  to  six  weeks  late,  and  the  prospects  ar  • 
far  from  bright.  I  have  only  six  acres  planted,  and  I 
shall  he  very  short,  allowing  that  it  should  bo  a  good 
crop,  as  1  should  have  not  less  than  10  acres.  Mine 
was  planted  between  the  first  and  seventh  of  July — 
very  late.  Rome  of  it  that  was  planted  on  the  7th  is  not 
up  yet.  Many  of  my  neighbors  are  worse  oil"  than  I  am. 
as  some  of  them  could  not  sow  any  oats  and  some  have 
not  planted  any  corn  yet. 
ADVANC  ING  POSTS. — We  would  ask  why  the 
price  of  milk  has  not  advanced  proportionately  to  the 
cost  of  the  production  of  the  same?  The  price  of  feed 
has  advanced  in  the  past  fi-w  years  about  70  per  cent. 
Labor  has  advanced  about  35  per  cent,:  fertilizer  about 
63  per  cent. :  farm  machinery  has  advanced  about  20 
per  cent.;  wire  for  fencing  has  advanced  nearly  100 
per  cent.  ;  while  milk  remains  about  the  same.  The 
prospect  is  not  very  encouraging  for  us  to  remain  in 
the  business. 
DEPREPIATION  OF  VALUES.— You  may  say 
that  we  have  a  very  small  percentage  of  losses  to  con¬ 
tend  with  as  compared  to  other  branches  of  business. 
Let  ns  consider.  I  now  have  12  cows.  How  long  will 
I  have  those  same  cows,  and  what,  becomes  of  them?  Are 
they  all  in  good  health  all  the  time?  I  shall  he  very 
fortunate  if  I  have  one  of  them  in  10  years.  It  must 
be  considered  that  at  least  one  of  the  12  is  out  of  use 
all  the  time  and  I  am  very  lucky  if  there  is  not  more 
than  one  out  of  use.  I  could  talk  many  hours  on  the 
losses  that  we  have  to  contend  with,  hut  I  assume  that 
you  are  acquainted  with  some  of  them  perhaps  from  ex¬ 
perience.  1  wish  to  say  that  I  am  not  tin*  only  dairy¬ 
man  who  is  not  getting  anything  for  his  labor,  and 
some  are  not  doing  as  well  as  I  am.  I  believe  I  am  in 
about  the  average  class.  I  would  add  that  it.  costs  many 
ol  Us  as^  much  to  transport  the  milk  from  the  dairy  to 
tin.  station  Or  creamery  as  ii.  ousts  tlie  dealer  to  trails- 
port  it  from  the  shipping  point  to  the  city.  We  are 
grateful  to  you  for  listening  to  our  arguments,  and  we 
hone  that  you  may  be  able  to  influence  the  dealer  or 
whoever  it  is  that  is  making  this  fouv-oent  profit  to 
divide  witli  us. 
OBSERVATIONS  AT  THE  HEARING.— The 
hearing  which  I  attended  was  held  in  the  Tioga  Co. 
Oourt  House  at  Owego,  N.  Y.  There  was  plenty  of 
room  for  several  hundred  farmers.  The  meeting  was 
well  advertised.  There  were  not  over  10  dairymen 
there,  the  room  should  have  beeu  filled.  There  seems 
to  lie  a  lack  of  interest  on  the  part  of  the  dairymen  in 
Iheir  own  behalf.  I  wish  I  could  he  at  the  hearing  in 
New  York  when  the  Legislative  Committee  meets  the 
milk  dealers.  I  believe  that  they  will  be  on  bund  with 
&he  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
the  necessary  hooks  and  other  proof  to  show  that  they 
are  in  the  business  for  pleasure  only,  and  not  for 
profit.  1  believe  the  farmers  and  dairymen  are  at 
fault  themselves  for  their  condition  on  account  of  lack 
of  unity  and  interest,  in  their  business.  There  seems 
to  he  a  marked  difference  in  the  methods  employed  by 
the  funner  as  compared  with  other  laborers.  Nearly 
every  other  labor  is  organized,  while  the  farmer  is  not 
organized.  lie  seems  to  be  unable  to  show  in  figures 
that  lie  is  playing  a  losing  game  on  account  of  not 
having  any  system  to  his  business.  I  spo  no  reason 
why  the  farmer  eouhl  not  unite  and  be  the  strongest 
financial  organization  in  this  country.  The  trouble  with 
ns  is  we  buy  on  the  long  price  and  sell  on  the  short 
price.  When  we  purchase  anything  we  ask  the  price, 
and  when  we  sell  we  ask  “How  much  will  you  give  me 
for  my  produce?"  If  we  were  organized  we  would  be 
able  to  say  to  the  dealer  “We  will  let  you  have  our  pro¬ 
duce  for  so  much.” 
TALK  IT  OYER. — I  have  so  much  invested  and  it 
costs_  me  so  much  to  produce  it.  1  will  sell  to  you  at 
a  price  that  will  pay  me  a  fair  rate  of  interest  and  a 
fair  rate  for  my  labor.  I  want  something  to  say  about 
the  prices  and  am  not  willing  to  have  you  dictate  to 
me  altogether.  We  have  an  organization  here  called 
the  Farmers’  Cooperative  Union,  with  a  strong  mem¬ 
bership,  pud  we  are  working  to  extend  it,  and  we  hope 
to  make  it  nation-wide.  If  it  should  he  a  success  we 
shall  have  something  to  say  about  prices  and  discrim¬ 
ination.  It  is  said  that  the  milk  dealers  pay  some  of 
the  largest  producers  more  than  the  schedule  price  in 
order  to  keep  tlcm  from  taking  an  active  part  in  any 
effort  to  force  the  dealer  to  pay  a  better  price  for  the 
milk,'  I  noticed  that  none  of  the  larger  milk  producers 
of  tins  vicinity  were  at  the  hearing,  and  none  of  those 
who  wore  examined  were  able  to  give  any  definite  fig¬ 
ures.  This  shows  a  lack  of  a  system  among  us  which 
is  deplorable.  1  was  asked  by  the  chairman  of  the 
Committee  if  I  had  given  myself  credit  to  any  amount 
for  the  benefits  which  I  received  by  living  on  the  farm 
and  that  I  should  credit  my  account  according  to  cer¬ 
tain  authorities  to  the  amount,  of  $420  a  year.  I  in¬ 
formed  him  that  I  would  he  glad  to  surrender  my  claim 
for  that  amount  of  rent.  I  also  told  him  that  there 
was  not.  five  per  cent,  of  the  farms  in  the  State  that 
would  rent  for  that  amount.  I  believed.  I  would  like 
to  hear  from  some  of  the  readers  of  Tub  R.  N.-Y.  on 
this  matter  of  what  is  the  Correct  amount  that  we 
should  credit  ourselves  with  when  we  are  living  on  a 
farm  which  represents  an  investment  of  $5,200.  I  am 
speaking  of  the  average  farm  which  represents  this 
amount  of  capital.  bred  p.  spencer. 
The  U.  S.  Farm  Loan  Act 
Part  IT. 
PAYMENT  OF  LOANS. — -Continuing  the  discussion 
of  the  Farm  Loan  Act  from  last  week,  all  loans  are  to 
be  repaid  on  the  amortization  plan.  This  means  that 
each  year  not  only  the  interest  but  a  small  part  of  the 
principal  shall  he  paid.  These  payments  are  calcu¬ 
lated  so  as  to  extinguish  the  debt  in  a  given  uumber 
of  years.  After  five  years  the  borrower  has  a  right  on 
any  date  when  interest  would  he  paid  to  make  addi¬ 
tional  payments  if  he  cared  to  do  so.  They  are  to  he 
made  in  sums  of  $25  or  any  multiple  thereof.  The  fol¬ 
lowing  table  shows  how  a  loan  of  $1,00(1  borrowed  at 
five  per  cent,  would  be  paid  in  full  in  20  years.  There 
would  be  an  annual  payment  of  $80.24. 
Annual  periods 
Total 
Interest 
Paid 
Amount 
of  prin- 
annual 
at  5  per 
Oil 
eipal 
payment 
cent 
principal 
still 
1  . 
r  0.24 
$50.00 
$30.24 
unpaid 
$069.76 
y  1.24 
48.48 
31.75 
938.00 
3  . 
4  . 
SO.  24 
46.90 
33.34 
001.67 
80.24 
45.23 
35.01 
860.66 
5  . 
80.24 
43.48 
36.76 
832.00 
6  . 
■'•0.24 
41.64 
38.59 
704.31 
7  . 
80.24 
39.71 
40.52 
753.70 
-S  . 
80.24 
37.68 
42.55 
711.23 
9  . 
80.24 
35.56 
44.68 
666.56 
10 . 
80.24 
33.32 
46.91 
619.64 
11  . 
80.24 
30.98 
49.26 
570.39 
12  . 
80.24 
28.51 
51.72 
518.67 
13  . 
*  80.24 
25.93 
54.31 
464.50 
14  . 
80.24 
23.21 
57.02 
407.34 
15  . 
80.24 
20.36 
59.87 
347.46 
16  . 
80.24 
17.37 
62.87 
284.60 
17  . 
80.24 
14.23 
66.01 
218.59 
IS  . 
80.24 
10.93 
69.31 
110.28 
1!)  . 
80.24 
7.46 
72.78 
76.50 
20 . 
80.33 
3.83 
76.50 
Total  . 
$1,604.80 
$604.81 
$1,000.00 
REDUCTION  OF  INTEREST. — As  will  he  seen 
each  year  the  interest  is  reduced  so  that,  mure  and  more 
(4"  the  annual  payments  go  to  discharge  the  principal. 
At  the  end  of  20  years  such  a  borrower  would  have  paid 
$1,004.80,  cleaning  up  the  original  debt  and  also  paying 
tlic  interest.  Ilad  lie  borrowed  the  $1,000  in  the  ordin¬ 
ary  way.  he  would  have  paid  during  the  20  years  $1,000 
in  interest  and  would  still  owe  the  $1,000. 
BOND  ISSUES. —  In  order  to  obtain  funds  available 
for  loans,  after  a  Federal  Land  Bank  lias  loaned  $50,- 
000  on  land  mortgages  if  can  obtain  permission  from 
the  Farm  Loan  Board  to  issue  $50,000  in  bonds  based 
on  these  mortgages.  It  can  sell  such  bonds  to  the  open 
market  and  use  the  money  thus  obtained  to  lend  on 
other  mortgages.  This  process  of  loaning  on  mortgages 
and  selling  bonds  in  issues  of  $50  may  be  kept  up  until 
20  times  the  paid-up  capital  of  the  hank  is  outstand¬ 
ing.  _  It  is  figured  that  if  each  hank  should  have  only  its 
required  minimum  paid-up  capital  this  plan  would  pro¬ 
vide  eventually  over  $180,000,000  to  lend  on  first  mort¬ 
gages  on  farm  land.  Even  more  than  this  can  be  pro- 
tided  since  the  banks  can.  if  need  he,  increase  the  cap¬ 
ital  stock  and  so  increase  the  amount  of  bonds  they 
can  sell  for  loaning  purposes. 
STATUS  Oh'  BoA’DS. — These  bonds  are  to  be  made 
attractive  to  investors,  together  with  the  mortgages 
upon  which  they  are  based.  Thus  they  are  exempted 
from  Federal,  State,  municipal  and  local  taxation,  and 
they  are  made  legal  investment  for  trust  funds.  Capi¬ 
tal  stock  of  the  Federal  Land  Bank  is  also  exempt  from 
taxation.  Federal  reserve  batiks  are  empowered  to  buy 
and  sell  these  bonds  and  they  are  issued  in  denomina¬ 
tions  of  $20,  $50,  $500,  $  1 ,000.  An  elaborate  system  of 
organization  is  provided  for  so  as  to  take  care  of  the 
management  of  these  banks,  which  are  under  the  final 
supervision  and  direction  of  a  Federal  Farm  Loan 
Board,  as  described  last  week.  In  order  to  provide 
funds  for  current  expenses,  the  local  Loan  Association 
may  retain  a  cotumisshm  oil  each  interest  payment  not 
to  exceed  one-eighth  of  uue  per  cent,  on  the  unpaid 
1055 
principal  of  the  loan.  This  commission  is  to  he  deducted 
from  the  dividend  payable  to  such  Loan  Association  by 
the  Federal  Land  Bank  or  if  this  Commission  is  not 
adequate  the  Local  Association  may  borrow  at  six  per 
cent,  from  the.  Federal  Laud  Bank,  the  amount  not  to 
exceed  one-quarter  of  its  bank  stock. 
LOA NS  THROUGH  AGENTS.— Tn  sections  where 
the  lormatmn  of  Loan  Associations  is  not  practical  the 
Federal  Land  Bank  may  be  authorized  to  make  loans 
through  agents.  These  agents  are  to  be  banks  trust 
companies,  mortgage  companies  or  saving  institutions, 
chartered  by  the  State.  As  compensation  for  expenses 
involved  in  making  the  loan  they  may  receive  a  sum 
not  to  exceed  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  each  year  on  the 
unpaid  principal  of  the  loans  made  through  them.  The 
1  atm  Loan  Itoard  may  later  decide  that  these  agents 
are  not  needed  and  then  no  further  loans  will  he  made 
through  them. 
.  mu  ui  uns  eiao- 
orate  system  of  12  loan  hanks  there  may  also  he  es¬ 
tablished,  under  this  loan,  joint  stock  land  hanks.  They 
are  authorized  to  carry  on  their  business  of  lending  di¬ 
rect  to  borrowers  on  Farm  mortgages  and  issuing  farm 
Joan  bonds.  J  hose  banks  are  to  have  a  capital  of  not 
less  Ilian  $250,000.  They  are  to  be  supervised  bv  the 
Federal  Farm  Loan  Board,  but  the  Government' does 
not  lend  them  any  financial  assistance.  A  joint  stock 
bank  may  lend  more  than  $10,000  tn  a  single  individ¬ 
ual  and  they  are  not.  restricted  in  making  loans  for  the 
purposes  specified  by  (he  Federal  Land  Banks.  They 
cannot  charge  an  interest  rate  of  over  six  per  cent.,  anil 
such  interest  shall  not  he  more  than  one  per  cent,  over 
the  rate  of  interest  paid  by  the  bank  on  its  last  issue 
ot  bonds.  A  joint  stock  hank  is  limited  in  its  bond  is¬ 
sue  to  times  its  capital  and  surplus.  These  joint  stock 
hanks,  however,  must,  provide  for  the  amortization  sys- 
tf'in  or  payment-  They  are  also  prohibited  from  taking 
any  commission  or  charge  /or  making  a  loan  not  defin¬ 
itely  authorized  by  the  Land  Bank  law.  The  law  nat¬ 
urally  provides  for  frequent  bank  examinations  and  the 
wife  handling  and  oversight  of  mortgages  and  bonds. 
1  he  bank  must  keep  up  its  capital  and  surplus  and 
when  a  mortgage  offered  as  security  for  bonds  is  with¬ 
drawn  tin?  bank  must  replace  it  with  satisfactory  col¬ 
lateral. 
Notes  from  Department  of  Foods  and 
Markets 
204  Franklin  St.,  New  York  City 
The  1916  Apple  Outlook 
A  careful  survey  of  the  large  orchards  in  the  United 
,  tates  which  pick,  pack  and  ship  tlieir  surplus  pro¬ 
ducts,  indicates  that  we  are  not  to  have  as  large  an 
apple  crop  in  1016  as  we  did  in  1015.  Oregon  and 
V  nshmgton  report  conditions  less  satisfactory  from  the 
orefiardist’s  standpoint  than  one  year  ago.  Idaho, 
l  titli,  jinfi  Colorado  will  have*  few  apples  to  conic  cast. 
The  cold,  wet  Spring  injured  apples  during  the  sea¬ 
son  of  blossoming  through  the  Missouri  River  Valley 
and  the  Mississippi  River  Valley,  and  the  outlook  now 
is  that  Illinois  and  Missouri  will  not  pack  50  per  cent 
of  the  apples  that  they  did  one  year  ago. 
.The  weather  in  Western  New  York  and  the  high 
winds  which  prevailed  during  the  blossoming  season  in¬ 
jured  very  badly  both  the  apple  and  the  pear  crop,  and 
whi  e  last  year  was  the  off  year  for  "Western  New 
lork,  it  is  doubtful  this  year  whether  they  will  barrel 
very  many  more  A-grade  apples  than  they  did  a  year 
ago. 
A  careful  survey  of  the  Hudson  River  Valley  indi¬ 
cates  about  75  per  cent,  of  the  crop.  Cold  wet  Spring 
lu  re  injured  the  fruit  during  the  blossoming  season  as 
it  did  in  other  sections  of  the  country. 
As  labor  is  well  employed  in  the  United  States  and 
all  other  food  stuffs  are  high,  there  is  every  reason  for 
the  orchard i st  to  anticipate  a  splendid  marker  for  his 
apples  this  year.  One  year  ago  in  August  when  the 
produce  trade  papers  were  insisting  that  the  price  of 
apples  for  1015  would  be  a  maximum  of  $2  per  barrel 
for  grade  A  apples,  and  $1.50  for  grade  B.  the  Depart¬ 
ment  ot  Foods  and  Markets  through  The  R.  N.-Y.  told 
its  readers  that  A-grade  New  York  State  apples  should 
bring  $2.i5'  per  barrel  and  Il-gradc  $2.25  per  barrel, 
t.o.b.  shipping  point.  The  prediction  was  made  good 
in  later  sales  at  both  auction  and  private  sales. 
The  outlook  for  a  good  movement  of  apples  to  Europe 
is  much  brighter  than  it  was  one  year  ago.  Last  year 
on  aceouut  of  the  urgent  demand  for  munitions  of  war 
tor  a  large  part  of  the  season  the  freight  rates  were  so 
high  that  it  prohibited  the  exportation  of  apples  in  any 
quantity.  At  present  steamship  lines  are  soliciting 
freight  at  reduced  rates  from  those  demanded  one  year 
ago.  The  indications  now  are  that  there  will  he  am¬ 
ide  freight  space  for  apples  this  year  and  that  the  rates 
will^  be  less  than  one-half  the  rates  charged  during 
Tdl.i;  For  the  past  30  days  there  have  been  liberal 
oflnrings  of  shipping  room  for  cheese,  eggs  and  other 
food  Commodities  and  there  has  been  a  good  movement 
of  til  ese  foods  to  the  other  side  at  excellent  prices. 
There  is  no  reason  why  apples  should  not.  bring  this 
year  at_  least  $3  per  barrel  for  strictly  A  grade  fruit 
anil  $2.50  for  B  grade.  It  is  not  unlikely  that  very  fine 
fruit  in  orchards  carefully  sprayed  and  cared  for  and 
which  have  an  established  reputation  will  sell  this  year 
25  to  50  cents  per  barrel  higher  than  it  did  one  year 
ago. 
Summary  of  sales  of  miscellaneous  farm  products 
during  the  week  ending  July  27th,  1916: 
EGGS. 
15 
1? 
59 
2 
52 
4GV, 
cases  . . . 
cases  . 
cases  . . . 
cases  . . . 
cases  . . . 
• . 
. $0.35 
. 34 
. 33 
. 32  V> 
. 32 
47“ 
cases  . . . 
. 30 
40 
cases  .  .  . 
. 29 
1 
case  .... 
. 28% 
i  > 
cases  ,  . . 
. 
. 281/2 
34 
cases  .  .  . 
.28 
1 
case  .... 
•’71/. 
12 
cases  .  .  . 
. —  1  /2 
. 27 
n 
cases  .  . . 
. 26% 
i 
cases  . .  . 
26 
'6 
cases  . . . 
. 25 
9 
cases  .  . . 
2i 
5 
cases  . . . 
.  .  •  •  • 
. 
. 23 
4 
cases  . . . 
. 21 
351  ]{,  cases. 
( Continued  on  page  1053.) 
