TRADE  MARK  REG.U.S.PAT.  OFF 
August  12,  191G, 
RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
day.  It  was  a  thin,  rough-shelled  egg 
and  had  a  whitish  color  instead  of  a 
brown  as  it  is  supposed  to  l>e.  She  is  a 
Rhode  Island  Red.  When  I  opened  it  I 
found  a  whole  kernel  of  corn  hanging  on 
to  a  slimy,  white  string.  It  was  caught 
< >ii  to  the  white  of  the  egg.  She  has  not 
seemed  quite  right  since  I  got  her.  Can 
you  tell  me  what  is  the  matter  with  this 
hen?  .  F.  g. 
Pennsylvania. 
Foreign  substances  of  various  kinds  are 
sometimes  found  in  eggs,  having  ob¬ 
tained  access  in  some  way  to  the  oviduct 
and  being  included  within  the  shell.  They 
do  not  indicate  anything  wrong  with  the 
lien  and  there  is  no  occasion  for  treat- 
incut  because  of  this  accident,  >t.  n.  D. 
1082 
THE  HENYARD 
JTBest  for  the  tanner  who  desires  to 
I  thresh  only  his  own  grain  as  well  as 
the  man  making 
a  business  of  ffh 
threshing.  fO\  i 
The  Sex  of  Little  Chickens 
Can  you  tell  me  of  any  way  of  deter¬ 
mining  accurately  the  sex  of  chicks  from 
one  to  21  days  old?  What  would  there 
he  to  a  claim  that  a  breeder  could  guar¬ 
antee  at.  least  75  per  cent,  females  in  a 
lot  of  day-old  chicks?  J.  S. 
IS  THE  RELIABLE  METHOD 
FOR  PREVENTING 
FOOT  AND 
MOUTH  DISEASE 
even  chicks  21  days  old,  can  he  positively 
distinguished  as  to  their  sex,  regardless 
of  the  breed  or  varieties.  In  any  variety 
that  is  double-mated,  where  there  is  a 
considerable  difference  between  the  male 
and  female  coloring,  as  in  Barred  Ply¬ 
mouth  Rocks,  the  sex  can  nearly  always 
be  distinguished  in  the  pullet,  and  cock¬ 
erel  lines  ate  not  mixed.  Of  course,  in  a 
tloclc  where  dark  and  light  hens  and  cock¬ 
erels  are  used,  a  much  smaller  percent¬ 
age  of  the  chicks  could  be  told  for  cer¬ 
tain.  In  any  case,  I  do  not  think  that  it 
would  run  much  better  than  90  to  95  per 
cent,  correct.  Some  one  in  Connecticut 
last  Summer  gave  Prof.  Rice  a  method  of 
telling  day-old  chick  cockerels  from  pul¬ 
lets,  by  examining  the  spur  with  a  seed 
tester.  This  test  seemed  to  have  consid¬ 
erable  value,  and  L  think  probably  the 
estimate  made  from  that  would  run  bet¬ 
ter  than  75  per  cent,  correct.  The  dis¬ 
tinction  is  so  fine  that  it  is  practically 
impossible  to  describe  it  in  words.  A 
careful  examination  of  several  chicks,  be¬ 
fore  opening  up  to  find  out  what  the  sex 
may  he,  will  show  the  method.  Another 
method  that  was  given  us  from  a  man  in 
Colorado  consists  in  holding  the  chicks  by 
the  head.  A  young  cockerel  will  kick 
rapidly  and  throw  the  legs  out  from  the 
body.  A  pullet  tends  to  hold  the  shanks 
very  close  up  to  the  breast,  keeping  the 
hock  joint  pressed  below  down  buck  of 
the  abdomen.  This,  however,  is  a  much 
better  test  when  the  chicks  arc  a  few 
weeks  old,  than  in  the  baby  chicks.  I 
think  that  it  is  entirely  possible  to  guar¬ 
antee  15  per  cent,  pullets  at  the  time  the 
cl  licks  are  hatched,  possibly  running  high¬ 
er  than  that  in  parti  colored  birds,  like 
Barred  Hocks.  In  some  slow-developing 
birds  that  are  late  to  mature,  it  some¬ 
times  almost  impossible  to  tell  the  sex 
until  the  chicks  are  three  or  four  months 
old,  although  that,  of  course,  is  not  the 
usual  case.  Of  course,  the  breadth  of  the 
head,  and  the  size  and  development  of 
the  comb,  are  also  added  indications,  but 
cannot  he  depended  upon  alone  to  he 
much  better  than  00  per  cent,  correct. 
Cornell  University.  o.  n.  KENT. 
Simple — if  You  Know  How 
In  tin'  present  state  of  knowledge  the 
time  at  which  the  sex  of  chickens  ean  be 
distinguished  depends  entirely  on  the 
breed.  In  the  Barred  Plymouth  Rock  it 
is  possible  to  tell  the  sex  of  a  chicken 
when  it  is  hatched.  The  same  thing  is 
probably  true  for  all  breeds,  only  most 
persons  do  not  know  enough  of  the  line 
points  of  a  particular  breed  at  every 
stage  of  their  life  history  to  enable  this 
determination  to  he  made  with  certainty. 
For  most  of  the  breeds  which  wo  handle 
at  this  station  we  are  able  to  sex  the 
birds  accurately  when  they  hatch.  This 
is  done  by  observation  of  fine  differences 
of  structure  between  the  two  sexes  which, 
if  one  is  able  to  see.  them,  are  just  as 
marked  at  hatching  as  they  ever  will  be 
in  life.  X-ray  examinations  in  this  con¬ 
nection  would  from  a  practical  viewpoint 
seem  to  me  to  he  pure  nonsense. 
Maine  Kxp.  Station,  kay.moxd  ekaki.. 
I  have  yet  to  find  a  way  to  determine 
tin*  sex  of  day-old  chickens.  1  think  that  1 
can  pick  out  the  cockerels  nr  pullets  from 
newly  hatched  Barred  Rocks,  on  ac¬ 
count  of  the  color  and  other  character¬ 
istics.  The  males  are  lighter  colored  and 
have  larger  heads  and  larger,  yellower 
shanks.  All  experienced  breeders  of  the 
parti-colored  varieties  can  tell  to  a.  cer¬ 
tain  extent  whether  a  chick  is  a  male  or 
female.  With  some  chicks  the  striping 
on  the  hacks  is  different  on  cockerels 
from  what,  it  is  on  pullets.  When  we 
handle  solid-colored  varieties  the  problem 
is  increased,  although  the  male  chicks  nro 
invariably  larger  and  have  bigger  feet 
and  are  stronger  than  the  females.  It 
has  been  noticed  that  when  we  get.  a 
poor  hatch  the  chicks  that  do  eomo  along 
are  nearly  all  males.  As  soon  as  vv<*  be¬ 
come  accustomed  to  the  variety  we  ought 
to  he  able  to  separate  the  sexes  at  four 
weeks  of  age  and  many  enu  he  picked  out 
earlier  than  this,  although  there  arc 
some  cockerels  that  will  resemble  pul¬ 
lets  and  vice  versa,  pullets  resemble  cock¬ 
erels,  until  they  are  nearly  one-third 
grown.  All  things  being  equal  we  get  -ns 
tunny  of  one  sex  as  another  and  want 
them  tltis  way.  Now  and  then  one  hen’s 
eggs  will  produce  a  majority  of  one  sex, 
sometimes  all  pullets  or  all  cockerels. 
One  man  whom  I  knew  raised  00  pullets 
from  one  mating,  but  did  not  get  a  soli¬ 
tary  cockerel.  One  year  our  Indian  Run¬ 
ner  ducklings  were  all  drakes.  I  do  pot 
know  why.  Wish,  that  some  one  would 
tell  me.  n.  j.  lambeht. 
Rhode  Island  Station. 
Cut  shows  Ellis  Champion  No.  2  complete  with 
wind  stacker,  tailing,  elevator  and  grain  bag. 
Can  be  operated  by  either  steam,  gasoline 
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various  styles.  We  also  make  ensilage  cutter, 
corn  shelters,  etc.  Send  for  our  catalog  today 
and  learn  all  about  our  line  of  threshers  and 
other  machinery. 
AND  AM.  OTHER  CONTAGIOUS 
DISEASES. 
You  cat*  make  all  live-stock 
quarters  sanitary  by  using 
Poor  Laying 
I  have  125  liens,  mostly  White  Leg¬ 
horns,  which  I  bought  in  June.  They 
have  suddenly  fallen  off  in  egg  produc¬ 
tion,  only  laying  22  eggs  daily.  I  feed 
them  scratch  bed  and  whole  Cora,  also 
some  oats.  They  arc  losing 'their  feath¬ 
ers  and  do  not  seem  as  lively  as  they 
should,  sitting  around  most  of  Ihe  day. 
Wliat  do  you  think  would  be  a  good  mash 
for  these  hens.  T  give  them  free  range. 
Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.  r.  p.  w. 
Hens  should  have  some  meat  food  in 
addition  to  their  grains  and  a  inasli  con¬ 
taining  this  may  be  fed  your  liens  Equal 
parts  by  weight  of  cornmeal,  wheat  bran, 
middlings,  gluten  feed  and  beef  scrap 
would  make  a  good  mash.  Skim-milk,  if 
you  have  it,  is  u  valuable  addition,  to  any 
poultry  ration.  _  M,  R.  u. 
Ailing  Chicks 
I  have  some  chickens  that  wore  hatched 
10  days  ago.  The  last  two  days  they 
have  been  dying  fast;  get  droopy,  wings 
droop,  die  in  a  couple  of  hours.  I  opened 
three;  intestines  looked  all  right,  but 
the  yolk  does  not  seem  to  be  absorbed. 
1  have  been  feeding  rolled  oats  and 
cracked  wheat  mostly.  These  chickens 
were  hatched  about  24  hours  ahead  of 
the  usual  time.  ir.  j„  ,s. 
New  York. 
There  is  nothing  in  your  description 
which  would  enable  one  to  tell  the  cause 
of  the  chicks’  death.  “Dopiness”  and 
drooping  wings  are  simply  evidence  of 
weakness  and  give  no  clue  to  the  cause 
of  that  weakness.  White  diarrhoea 
causes  many  such  losses  as  you  describe, 
from  the  first  to  the  fourth  week,  and 
shows,  upon  autopsy,  unabsorbed  yolks 
of  varying  size;  this  yolk  which  you 
do  not  mention  is  also  found  in  white 
diarrhoea;  a  whitish,  gluey  discharge 
from  the  vent  which  soils  the  fluff  ami 
causes  lmt  is  called  “pasting  up  be¬ 
hind.”  The  fact.  that,  chicks  hutched 
ahead  of  time  shows  that  the  tempera¬ 
ture  of  the  incubator  was  kept  too  high. 
The  Standardized,  Reliable 
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Cider  Presses  {M@j 
KRESO  DIP  No.  1  has  been  used  at 
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Pennsylvania  Fairs 
County  Place 
Adams,  Bendersville . . 
Allegheny,  Imperial  . 
Armstrong,  Apollo . Aug 
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UiMivor,  Junction  Park . 
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Juniata,  Port  Royal . 
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Abnormal  Egg 
►Several  weeks  ago  I  got  a  few  purebred 
hens.  One  of  them  laid  her  first  egg  to- 
