RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
1111 
Live  Stock  and  Dairy 
Floor  for  Horse  Barn  on  the  job  to  sample  and  test  the  milk 
Will  you  let  me  know  the  best  wav  to  be^ore  there  will  be  any  confidence  in  the 
put  a  floor  in  a  horse  barn?  have  a 
dirt  floor  in  one  horse  barn  and  would 
like  to  improve  it.  j.  f.  s. 
Haven  Rock,  N.  J. 
Concrete  makes  the  most  durable,  and 
probably  the  most  satisfactory  floor  for 
a  horse  barn.  For  this,  a  well  drained 
foundation  is  needed  in  order  that  there 
may  be  no  heaving  from  the  freezing  of 
accumulated  water  in  the  Winter  time. 
Six  to  twelve  inches  of  field  stones  are 
ordinarily  sufficient  for  the  foundation, 
though,  in  some  instances,  the  well  tamp¬ 
ed  earth  needs  no  further  covering.  For 
the  floor  proper  about  four  inches  of  con¬ 
crete  is  required.  This  may  be  made  of 
a  mixture  of  one  part  cement,  two  parts 
coarse  sand  and  four  parts  of  clean 
gravel.  No  surface  coat  is  needed, 
though  one  is  often  used.  Brooming  the 
concrete  before  it  has  set  will  give  a 
rough  finish  that  will  keep  the  horses 
from  slipping,  or  the  floor  may  be  laid 
off  in  checks  of  about  six  inches  square 
for  the  same  purpose.  The  stalls  should 
have  plank  floors,  or  some  of  the  blocks 
prepared  for  this  purpose  may  be  used. 
No  special  skill  is  inquired  iu  the  con¬ 
struction  of  such  concrete  floors,  though 
some  one  who  has  had  a  little,  experi¬ 
ence  in  mixing  and  placing  concrete 
should  supervise  the  job.  m.  b.  d. 
[The  Problem  of  the  Milk  Test 
Buying  milk  on  the  tost  is  quite  gen¬ 
eral  throughout  the  State,  and  seems  to 
be  creating  just  as  much  unfavorable 
comment  as  the  practice  did  a  few  years 
ago  when  it  was  tried.  It  is  evident  that 
some  of  the  complaints  are  based  ou  in¬ 
ference  and  prejudice,  but  there  appears 
to  he  quite  enough  fact  iu  relation  to  un¬ 
fair  tests  to  justify  a  lot  of  noise.  It 
can  be  readily  proven,  I  think,  that  there 
have  been  as  large  divergencies  as  10 
points  in  a  test.  A  few  points,'  as  three 
or  four,  seem  to  be  somewhat  common, 
and  these  divergencies  are  sometimes  in 
favor  of  a  patron.  These  are  made  iu 
order  to  draw  a  patron  away  from  some 
other  concern,  especially  a  cooperative 
creamery.  The  legislative  committee  is 
coming  up  against  many  of  these  Com¬ 
plaints,  and  a  part  of  them  carry  enough 
certainty  to  justify  their  use  in  a  report 
which  the  commission  is  expected  to 
make. 
The  real  question  is  what  can  he  done 
about  it,  and  what  should  he.  It  is  fre¬ 
quently  said  that  some  disinterested 
party  should  make  the  test.  That  might 
be  fine,  especially  if  the  disinterested 
party  could  give  satisfaction.  Sometimes 
it  is  suggested  that  the  State  Department 
do  the  testing,  sometimes  the  State  Col¬ 
lege  is  selected,  and  again  it  is  the  State. 
Station  at  Genova.  I  will  vouch  that 
none  of  these  can  give  satisfaction. 
There  would  be  a  chorus  of  complaints 
even  before  the  work  had  been  com¬ 
menced.  Farmers  generally  will  not  give 
allegiance  to  any  of  these  agencies  in 
the  matter  of  testing  milk.  They  will  ex¬ 
pect  the  State  officer  of  any  of  these  de¬ 
partments  to  give  the  buyer  the  benefit  of 
any  doubt,  and  will  expect  to  have  a 
close  reading  favorable  to  the  dealer. 
Even  that  will  cause  much  comment  and 
dissatisfaction.  This  is  not  because 
farmers  are  unfavorable  to  these  insfitu- 
tions,  however.  Then  will  come  the  mat¬ 
ter  of  a  sample.  There  is  nmv  a  law  that 
requires  the  buyer  to  collect  two  samples 
if  asked  for,  and  to  give  the  dairyman 
his  choice  of  the  two  before  making  the 
test.  Doubtless  an  occasional  farmer  has 
landed  his  request  for  a  sample,  but  I 
do  not  know  of  one.  Really  what  is  the 
use?  Cannot  both  samples  be  “doctored" 
as  well  as  one?  And  the  dairyman  knows 
they  can  he.  No  use  calling  for  a  sample 
so  far  as  the  test  of  the  creamery  is  con¬ 
cerned. 
One  dairyman  says  that  the  buyer 
makes  the  following  offer :  “Bring  me 
your  milk,  I  will  weigh  it,  sample  it, 
test  it,  score  your  barn  and  give  you  10 
cents  bonus  or  not  as  I  have  a  mind,  and 
after  45  days  I  will  give  you  what  I  like 
for  the  milk.”  There  you  have  the  whole 
thing  summed  up,  so  far  as  the  test 
is  concerned.  It  seems  to  me  that  the 
farmers  will  have  to  select  a  mau  to  be 
test.  Why  should  not  the  farmers  do 
that?  And  why  should  not  the  company 
pay  to  the  association  of  farmers  enough 
to  partly  pay  the  salary  of  the  man?  lie 
can  help  about  the  creamery  as  well  as 
anyone.  The  company  should  not  pay 
the  man  a  cent,  and  the  law  should  be 
very  severe  on  the  concern  that  pays  or 
offers  to  pay  the  man  anything,  or  makes 
him  any  presents,  but  it  should  pay 
something  into  the  treasury  of  the  farm¬ 
ers’  party  to  help  pay  the  wages  of  the 
man  they  hire.  I  admit  that  this  plan 
is  open  to  certain  criticism,  and  that  I 
wouldn’t  care  for  the  job  of  sampler  and 
tester,  but  I  caunot  see  any  better  way 
at.  present.  Tests  ought  to  be  liberal 
when  made  by  anyone,  but  they  should 
he  accurate.  At  present  they  are  not,  at 
least  in  many  cases.  Personally,  I  have 
had  but  few  tests  that  were  wrong,  hut 
there  have  been  a  few.  When  it  became 
known  to  the  buyers  that  I  was  doing  my 
own  testing  at  frequent  intervals,  and 
knew  what  the  test  ought  to  be,  I  have 
had  but  little  trouble.  Really  that,  is 
the  best  way  of  all.  The  trouble  with 
this  plan  is  the  faet  that  fanners  are  too 
busy  to  do  so  many  extras  as  are  con¬ 
stantly  coming  to  them,  and  the  testing, 
like  the  weighing  that  they  undertake, 
gets  neglected.  After  the  home  test  which 
is  the  best,  then  comes  the  employment  of 
a  man  for  the  job  by  the  farmers. 
_ H.  H.  LYON. 
How  to  Keep  Meat 
T  have  not  less  than  200  pounds  of 
pork  that  I  cured  by  the  sugar-cure 
method,  and  have  it  hanging  in  the  gran¬ 
ary.  _  I  notice  now  there  are  small  worms 
working  in  from  the  outside.  What  can 
be  done  or  must  I  lose  the  meat? 
Pennsylvania.  r.  e.  e. 
I  will  first  tell  you  how  to  keep 
smoked  meats  aud  then  state  what  can 
be  done  in  eases  of  such  meats  as  you 
ask  about.  To  keep  smoked  meat,  it 
may  be  left  in  the  smokehouse  for  some 
time  during  moderate  weather.  The 
house  should  he  kept  perfectly  dark  and 
well  enough  ventilated  to  prevent  damp¬ 
ness.  A  dry,  cool  cellar  or  an  attic  with 
free  circulation  will  he  a  satisfactory 
place  for  smoked  meats  at  all  seasons 
if  it  is  kept  dark  and  flies  are  excluded. 
If  it  is  to  he  kept  only  a  short  time, 
hams  and  bacon  will  need  only  to  he 
hung  out  separately  without  covering. 
For  longer  keeping  it  is  necessary  to 
wrap  them  first  in  paper  and  then  in 
burlap,  canvas  or  muslin,  and  bury  them 
iu  a  clean  bin  or  other  suitable  place,  the 
object  being  to  gain  a  uniform  tempera¬ 
ture  and  to  keep  away  insects.  A  coat  of 
ground  pepper  rubber  into  the  meat  be¬ 
fore  wrapping  will  be  distasteful  to  insects. 
For  absolute  safe-keeping  for  an  in¬ 
definite  period  of  time  it  is  essential  that 
the  meat  ho  thoroughly  cooled  after  it  is 
smoked  and  has  become  dry  on  the  sur¬ 
face.  It  should  then  be  wrapped  in  news¬ 
papers.  then  in  coarse,  heavy  muslin  or 
canvas,  and  covered  with  yellow  wash 
or  ordinary  lime  whitewash  with  a  little 
glue  added.  Ilang  each  piece  out  so  that 
it  does  not  come  in  contact  with  other 
pieces.  x*o  not  stack  iu  piles.  The  re¬ 
cipe  for  yellow  wash  is  as  follows : 
For  100  lbs.  hams  or  bacon,  take  .3 
lbs.  barium  sulphate,  .00  lbs.  glue,  .08 
lbs.  chrome  yellow  or  lead  chromate  and 
.4  lbs.  flour.  Mix  the  flour  in  a  gallon 
of  water  so  that  there  are  no  lumps.  Dis¬ 
solve  the  chrome  in  a  quart  of  water  in 
a  separate  vessel  and  add  the  solution 
and  the  glue  to  the  flour.  Bring  the 
whole  to  a  boiling  point  and  add  the  bar¬ 
ium  sulphate  slowly,  stirring  constantly. 
Make  the  wash  the  day  before  it  is  to  be 
used.  Stir  frequently  when  using  and 
apply  with  a  brush. 
In  the  ease  of  the  meat  in  which  the 
worms  are  working,  if  it  is  left  too  long 
the  affected  parts  should  all  be  out  out 
carefully  and  the  meat  well  cleaned  so 
that  there  are  no  traces  of  worms  or 
The  meat  should  then  be  covered 
over  well  with  ground  pepper  aud 
wrapped  according  to  the  directions 
Riven  above,  with  the  yellow  wash  used 
to  cover  the  muslin  or  canvas  in  which 
the  meat  is  wrapped.  The  moat  should 
be  cleaned  and  treated  by  the  above  meth¬ 
od  just  as  soon  as  the  worms  are  noticed 
if  the  meat  is  to  be  kept  any  time  after 
the  treatment,  is  applied,  m.  aniva  iiauseb. 
Dangerous  Bull  at  Large 
A  neighbor  of  mine  pastures  cows  for 
the.  Summer;  has  had  one  nr  more  hulls 
running  with  them.  Bull  was  out  of  pas¬ 
ture  a  number  of  times  last  Summer,  but 
did  no  damage ;  has  been  out  this  Sem- 
mer  and  seems  rather  ugly.  Tie  was  out 
one  night  across  the  road,  bellowing  and 
trying  to  butt  over  a  tree ;  was  driven 
hack  and  attempted  to  tackle  an  auto  on 
the  way.  I  do  not  feel  as  though  it  is 
safe  to  pass  along  this  road.  Has  this 
man  a  right  to  keep  bull  in  pasture  under 
these  conditons?  The  hull  does  not  be¬ 
long  to  him.  ,Wbat  is  the  law  in  Massa¬ 
chusetts?  E.  o. 
Massachusetts. 
While  there  is  no  law  in  Massachusetts 
requiring  cattle  to  be  confined,  still  they 
must  be  kept  at  home  or  trouble  is  pretty 
sure  to  visit  the  owner.  It  used  to  be 
the  common  practice  to  drive  stray  aui- 
mals  to  the  town  pound.  Then  a  note  was 
sent  to  the  owner,  stating  the  damages, 
cost  of  feeding,  etc.,  and  the  owner  must 
pay  reasonable  charges  before  he  can  get 
his  cattle.  There  is  a  town  field  driver 
whose  duty  it  is  to  impound  stray  ani¬ 
mals  upon  receiving  notice.  The  town 
pounds  in  Massachusetts  have  gone  out 
of  commission  mostly,  of  late  years.  It 
is  more  usual  to  shut  the  stray  animals 
iu  the  barn  and  notify  the  owner  to  come 
and  get  them  and  pay  costs  if  any.  In 
the  ease  you  describe  both  the  owner  of 
the  pasture  and  the  owner  of  the  bull  are 
liable  for  any  damage  the  bull  may  cause 
while  astray.  There  is  also  a  law  making 
the  owner  of  cattle  liable  to  a  fine  of  .$10 
if  he  wilfully  allows  them  to  enter  an¬ 
other's  orchard,  garden,  mowing,  or  other 
improved  laud  after  receiving  written  no¬ 
tice  forbidding  it.  The  owner  is  also 
liable  for  injuries  the  animal  may  do  to 
Persons  crossing  the  pasture  provided  the 
animal  was  known  to  be  vicious.  Prob¬ 
ably  your  best  course  at  present  would 
be  to  write  to  the  owners  of  the  hull  and 
of  the  pasture,  describing  the  dangerous 
character  of  the  animal  and  the  inse¬ 
curity  of  the  pasture  fences  and  suggest¬ 
ing  possibility  of  difficulty  if  the  bull  does 
any  damage.  The  by-laws  of  some  towns 
include  special  measures  for  suppression 
of  vicious  or  troublesome  animals,  g.  b.  f. 
SWINE 
For  Sale-Pure  Breed  O.  I.  C.  Pigs 
bom  July  20-22.  PyIcr.  fivu  dollars  at  fiv«  weeks 
old.  Good  stock:  eligjhlo  to  registry.  Also  pure 
breed  White  Leghorn  cockerels.  May  hatched,  at 
oho  dollar;  two  or  moi'o  at  seventy-live  coats. 
ARTHUR  FREEMAN  .  ■  Puloskl.  N.  Y. 
BERKSHIRE  and  O.  I.  C.  SWINE 
Wo  offer  tor  sale  Berkshire  boars,  ready  for  service, 
Berkshire  gilts,  bred  and  open,  ami  pigs  of  both 
breeds,  flood  individuals;  excellent  breeding; 
satisfaction  guaranteed.  Prices  reasonable. 
TAKBELL  FARMS,  Smithvillo  Hats,  N.  Y. 
SpringbanltHerd  ofBorkshires  SSS“*k,JSr23 
April.  1916,  weaned  shotes.  One  2-year-old  sow.  far¬ 
rows  July  16.  Charmer's  Champion  Oth,  No.  208200, 
at  head  of  Herd.  J.  E  WATSON,  Prop..  Mirblcdile,  Cl. 
Service  Boars  and  Pigs  of  both  sexes  sired  by  Sue 
_  ressor's  Feat-naught  194311- 
SUNRISE  FARM  .  CHELSEA.  VI 
REG.  B 
H.  GRIMSIIAW 
North  Fust,  Pa. 
Increase  your  Income  with  a  boar  from  a  prolific 
strain ;  We  claim  one  of  our  8  weeks  old  boars  at  $8 
ought  to  pay  for  himSeif  by  increase  on  first  sow 
bred.  PHILIP  PRICE,  West  Chester,  Pa. 
C  ^  TT  C  1  ^  CS£  Service  boars,  brood 
m  •*-i w  sows  and  pigs  for  sale. 
Registered  free.  J.  0.  SHELMI0INE  5  SONS.  Lorraine.  N  Y. 
Chester  W.’s  and  0. 1.  C.  a  sV^Vnopig^rI8?000 
ENTERPRISE  DAIRY  FARM,  John  lTaaHo?n  Prop.  Troy  P^! 
T  10  weeks  old.  First 
0  class  stock  only 
IRVING  P  FAVOR.  Jr.  Kyterike,  N  Y 
Prices  reasonable 
FOR  PURE  BRED  TAMW0RTH  SWINE 
write  or  visit  WESTVI1CW  STOCK  FA  KM,  R. 
h  ,  1).  No.  I,  Winston-Salem.  North  Carolina 
/  ’  „  _  Pay*  The 
Lireen  ^eight  & 
Buyers  rare 
offers  more  Stallions  of  service¬ 
able  ago  by  the  WO.OUI) Champion 
CARNOT  (6RC66)  than  does  any 
other  breeder  In  America  For 
Peretterone,  Belgium-..  Holstein 
Cattle  or  Shetland  Ponies,  write 
forcat-  Prioesright. Terms tosuit. 
A.  W.  CREF.N, 
Mlddlefleldj  Ohio  R.  R.  station. 
East  Orwell,  O.  on  I’euna.  R.  R. 
sale— Imported  Registered  Percheron  Stallion 
3  years  old.  Also  imported  registered  Breeding 
Mares,  4  years  old.  W.  F.  WENDT  FARM.  Lockport,  N.  Y. 
Pigment  Tumor 
I  have  a  mare  well  along  in  years  but 
quite  valuable  yet.  About  oue  year  ago 
a  lump  came  on  her.,  near  her  vent ;  some 
eall  it  a  cancer,  others  a  wart  or  tumor. 
It.  grows  larger  constantly,  and  dis¬ 
charges  a  black  liquid  which  is  very  of¬ 
fensive  to  smell.  Can  anything  be  done 
forJt?  ,  J.  D.  W. 
New  lork. 
The  mare  no  doubt  is  grey  or  white 
in  color  as  such  pigment  or  melanotic 
tumors  are  peculiar  to  horses  of  that 
color  and  generally  appear  when  they  are 
advancing  in  years.  They  occur  upon  the 
registIreo  Hampshire-Down  Ram  Lambs 
.  H.  J.  Cookinham,  122  Genesee  St..  Utica.  N.  Y, 
ForSale  i 
Pi  iee,  $20, 
both  Sfxes.  Write  for  literature  and 
prices  to  J.  N.  McPherson.  Scottsville,  N.Y. 
FERRETS  FOR  SALE 
Booklet  and  price  list  free. 
JNO.  F.  MURRAY.  New  London,  0. 
Fnr Sale— Eit,10r color, auysize,  singles, 
7  ,  T Pairs  or  dozen  lots.  Catalogue 
free.  C.  II.  KEEFER  &  CO.,  Greenwich,  O. 
either efllur;  small.  Mated  pnirs  ordnzen  lots-  Book 
and  price  list  free.  LEVI  FARNSWORTH,  New  London,  0. 
COLLI  F  PnPS~Tlle  intelligent  kind.  Write 
Gl/LL/L  rurj  Nelson  Bros.,  Grove  City,  Pa. 
NEWFOUNDLAND  Pups 
525.  CLARK  FARM,  Boonton,  New  Jersey 
FOR  SALE— lii-st  Mil  np  p 
to  akibst  20  TAki'.s  uuerm 
jewel,  r . _ 
anal.  Dam,  Flothorne  of  0 
vidual.  Inspection  invited 
one  year.  Sire. 
r  ,  -  Langwater 
Dam,  Masher*  Flothorne;  Sire,  Masher  Se- 
'  "rassiand  Splendid  indi- 
“GIENBY.”  Glenliead,  L.  I. 
Airedale  Terrier  Bitch  Puppies  b  ft  eft11 
ALLSTONE  KENNELS,  Bound  Brook, 
Skunks  forFurFarming 
and  prices  free.  Skunk  Development  Bureau,  Chicago,  III. 
oono  m«n- ■  MIC wl" V  Bint  tAn  T  m  "-cudiiai .  Gfihlul.  hlcWy  iutejlfirant.  •» 
“m?  E!?.,,  £5:,,  M  GH  .  PROFITABLE,  iraoa  bitch  com.  upward  Miiil  yearly,  puna 
u'.TTJ’t.T  •  Fiippies.  grown  ill.**,  hitrh.  a,  from  FINEST  AIKEIMLE 
1N  WORUl  padlxrcerf,  registered, -certified.  AT  STUD.  Havelock  Gold- 
snulh,  mARr  i  i  d!-..  u r L  iJ  non  o Material lumal !y  I VQtouu  Ch.  Crompton  Oounu 
»«*“"•  N- •'  a**  doliynry.  honoVubleTaTa!’.  E® 
Box  In,  WESTON,  N.  J 
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