Cfce  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
:iEffl.-rarn 
Farm  Mechanics 
Construction  of  Root  Cellar 
Will  you  advise  me  in  regard  to  con¬ 
struction  of  a  root  cellar  in  which  to 
store  vegetables  and  fruits  through  the 
Winter?  I  have  about  38  acres  of  land, 
part  under  cultivation,  two  cows  and  a 
horse,  and  I  grow  some  potatoes  (1^2 
acres),  some  mangels  for  cows  and  some 
garden  vegetables,  also  some  apples 
(about  10  barrels).  I  should  he  glad  to 
store  some  of  these  below  ground,  chiefly 
for  my  own  use.  Will  yon  advise  me  of 
what  dimensions  and  materials  such  a 
cellar  should  he  constructed  to  be  built 
at  least  expense?  Give  me  any  points  I 
ought  to  know  in  regard  to  the  use  of 
such  a  root  cellar.  it.  r.  s. 
Boston,  Mass. 
Last  Winter  we  kept  successfully  in 
the  cleaned-out  pit  of  a  four-sash  hot¬ 
bed,  such  vegetables  as  cabbages,  turnips, 
carrots  and  parsnips.  They  were  cov¬ 
ered  with  sandy  loam,  except  the  cab¬ 
bages,  aud  with  leaves  and  corn  stover. 
Loose  boards  were  placed  on  top  to  hold 
the  stuff  in  place.  This  is  a  good  plan 
for  the  surplus  hardy  vegetables  not 
wanted  till  Spring.  Rats  sometimes  get 
in  and  do  more  or  less  damage. 
The  cheapest  cellar  that  can  he  made 
frost-proof  for  apples  and  potatoes  was 
made  as  follows :  Dig  a  pit  two  feet 
OF  THE  MIDDLEMEN 
eu  approach  is  cheaper  than  a  stairway 
and  allows  a  wheelbarrow  to  go  in  and 
out.  The  sides  of  the  approach  should  be 
stoned  in  or  cemented.  Pieces  of  sewer 
pipe  on  top  provide  ventilation  when 
needed.  A  floor  of  concrete  is  needed  un¬ 
less  drainage  is  good  but  an  earth  floor 
if?  better  in  a  dry  location.  The  cement 
dealer  will  give  you  a  booklet  with  di¬ 
rections  how  to  put  on  the  roof  of  rein¬ 
forced  cement,  which  is  the  only  difficult 
part  of  such  a  structure.  Make  wall  and 
roof  five  inches  thick  and  do  not  forget 
that  all  parts  must  be  well  banked  and 
covered  to  keep  out  frost.  The  part  be¬ 
low  ground  will  not  take  much  cement, 
since  good-sized  stones  may  be  set  into 
the  wall.  The  material  should  he  got 
ready  in  advance,  and  two  men  can  work 
together  at  the  building  job  to  great  ad¬ 
vantage.  LTse  one  part  cement,  two  of 
sand  and  four  of  gravel.  It  would  re¬ 
quire  about  $35  worth  of  cement,  a  dozen 
large  loads  ©f  gravel  and  half  a  dozen 
loads  of  clean,  sharp  sand,  besides  plenty 
of  stones  to  lay  in  the  walls. 
G.  B.  FISKE. 
/DIRECT  DEALING  SAVES  YOU  11 1¥" 
1  ALL  THESE  MIDDLEMENS  " 
a  EXPENSES  AND  PROFITS.  gJP 
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among  people  who  raise  beans,  and  I 
will  give  you  a  description  of  a  home¬ 
made  bean  harvester  that  is  a  groat  suc¬ 
cess- 
I  took  a  pair  of  mower  wheels  and  the 
axle  or  main  shaft  of  the  same,  and  made 
a  truck  or  two-wheeled  cart,  with  a  pole 
tongue  for  two  horses ;  a  piece  of  gas 
pipe  on  the  axle  between  the  wheels  to 
space  the  wheels.  Then  with  a  bit  of 
chain  fastened  a  ld-incli  plow  to  the  cen¬ 
tre  of  axle  in  the  rear.  The  axle  is  a 
hit  higher  than  the  plow  beam,  and  by 
lengthening  or  shortening  the  links  the 
plow  is  carried  on  the  lift,  and  caunot 
cut  too  deep,  just  enough  to  cut  the  bean 
roots  and  throw  very  little  dirt,  a  mere 
shaving.  There  is  nothing  to  hit  or  shell 
the  beans,  and  they  can  be  gathered  with 
manure  forks,  an  easy  job  for  both  team 
and  men,  and  within  anyone’s  means.  I 
Roof  Plan  for  Root  Cellar 
deep  or  deeper  if  the  water  level  will  per¬ 
mit.  About  12  by  18  feet  is  a  convenient 
size.  If  located  against  a  dry  side-hill 
slope  it  may  often  go  four  feet  below,  and 
still  be  well  drained  and  easy  to  enter. 
Hold  the  earth  sides,  if  crumbly,  with  old 
boards  held  in  place  by  poles  extending 
across  at  the  sides  of  the  pit.  Make  a 
pitch  roof  covering  frame  of  old,  rough 
lumber.  Almost  anything  will  do,  even 
unhewn  logs  and  poles  from  the  woods. 
Cedar  is  very  durable  in  such  work, 
showing  no  decay  after  10  years.  Roof 
with  old  planking  and  cover  with  corn 
stover  aud  straw,  with  a  foot  or  more  of 
earth  on  top,  and  then  some  leaves  held 
in  place  with  boards  or  brush.  If  a  ven¬ 
tilator  is  provided,  you  will  waut  it  closed 
most  of  the  time  in  Winter.  The  cover¬ 
ing  need  not  be  put  on  until  freezing 
weather,  and  the  top  layer  not  until  se¬ 
vere  cold  weather.  A  Winter  with  plenty 
of  snow  adds  security.  Every  part  ex¬ 
cept  the  door,  which  is  double,  is  banked 
with  earth  and  litter  or  with  coarse 
stable  manure.  A  side-hill  cellar  if  this 
NO.  248  PLYMOUTH  STREET,  BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK 
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PROCESS  MFG.  CO.,  D.pL  279  S.llna,  Kansas 
Side  Elevation  of  Root  Cellar 
Lauson  and  Frost  King  Engines  are  designed 
to  meet  every  power  need  about  the  farm — 
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The  Frost  King  Jr. — 1}£  H.  P. — is  an  ideal  engine 
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The  John  Lauson  Mfg.  Co.  23 
S^5s21  8N.  W.  Street,  New  Holstein,  Wis. 
