VyirsfiallazCbm  Cribs 
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September  2.  1916, 
Uhe  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
rnrc1  *°a11 
B-*  I"C  r«  p  owners 
X  1%M  <1  a  of  cows 
If  you  keep  cows  you 
ought  to  write  for  this  book 
THIS  book  was  written  for  the  f  j'  |||| 
man  with  only  two  cows  just  as 
much  as  for  the  man  with  / f^„  \ 
twenty.  In  it  has  been  gathered  to-  //  72 
gether  a  great  fund  of  valuable  in-  fj  pagei 
formation  on  subjects  which  are  of  vital  j§/  °f  goo 
interest  to  every  cow  owner.  And  while  the  cow  set 
various  phases  of  dairying  are  treated  by  the  best  and 
highest  authorities,  it  is  not  a  technical  treatise  but  is  written 
in  plain  every-day  language  so  that  even  the  children  can  understand  it. 
Here  are  just  a  few  topics  that  W’ill  give  you  an  idea  of  the  practi¬ 
cal  nature  of  its  contents:  -> 
j  pages 
of  good 
cow  sense 
"How  a  Dairyman  Made  Good"— 
a  real  story  of  a  real  farmer,  who  start¬ 
ing  with  almost  nothing,  built  up  a  fine 
dairy  herd  and  made  a  big  success. 
‘‘Year  Around  Feeding  of  Dairy 
Cows" — by  an  authority  whose  advice 
is  well  worth  heeding.  The  importance  of 
proper  feeding  deserves  more  attention  from 
every  cow  owner. 
"How  to  Judge  a  Dairy  Cow." — 
shows  by  illustrations  what  points  to  look 
for  in  a  dairy  producer — explains  the  e* 
sential  qualifications  of  a  good  dairy  cow. 
t,Building  Up  a  Dairy  Herd**— 
a  practical  breeder  gives  some  sound  advice 
on  this  important  subject. 
*‘The Farm  that  Won't  Wear  Oat" 
—shows  that  the  farm  where  cows  are 
kept,  and  the  fertility  returned  to  the  soil, 
improves  instead  of  deteriorates. 
**The  Care  of  Cream  on  the  Farm" 
—quality  is  as  important  as  quantity.  It 
costs  little  and  brings  big  returns. 
"Silos  and  Silage"  —  one  of  the  best 
chapters  in  the  book.  Full  of  silage  facts 
that  every  farmer  ought  to  know. 
Then  there  are  splendid  articles  on  "Alfalfa,’’  "Ventilation  of  Dairy  Barns/’  "Breeds  of 
Dairy  Cattle.”  "Improving  the  Herd  with  a  Good  Bull,”  "Care  of  Freshening  Cows,”  "How 
to  Test  Cows,”  etc.  Numerous  dairy  rations,  suitable  for  various  sections  of  the  country, 
are  given,  and  various  milk  and  dairy  tables  as  well  as  tables  of  weights  and  measures,  silo 
capacities,  etc.  that  every  farmer  has  occasion,  at  some  time  or  other,  to  refer  to. 
Thousands  of  dollars  have  been  spent  in  the  preparation  of  this  book,  and  if  you 
keep  cows  you  certainly  ought  to  write  for  a  copy  and  read  it  from  cover  to  cover.  The 
book  is  absolutely  free.  Just  fill  out  the  coupon  or  send  the  information  requested  on  a 
post  card,  mentioning  this  paper.  _.r 
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Statement  of  a  Food  Analysis 
I  inclose  a  tag  ami  tin;  report  from  the 
chemist  at  College  Station,  and  it  is  not 
plain  to  me  yet.  as  the  card  gives  53% 
per  cent,  nitrogen  and  the  report  2  2-10 
per  cent.  Where  is  the  difference  and 
how  do  they  arrive  at  it?  How  am  T  to 
know  how  much  nitrogen  there  is  when 
I  see  53%  per  cent,  marked  on  the  card? 
Burleson,  Tex.  L.  o.  b. 
This  illustrates  the  difficulty  in  under¬ 
standing  mixed-up  analyses.  This  man 
received  a  card  or  tag  for  wheat  bran 
on  which  he  read  the  following : 
Protein  .  14*4  percent. 
Fat  . . .  3  per  cent. 
Crude  Fibre . . .  014  per  cent. 
Nitrogen  .  53%  per  cent. 
That  was  supposed  to  show  the  feed¬ 
ing  value  of  the  bran.  A  sample  was 
sent  to  the  chemist  at  the  station  and  he 
returned  this  statement : 
Total  phosphoric  acid  ....  2.  per  cent. 
Nitrogen  .  2.2  per  cent. 
Potash  . .  1.  per  cent. 
Now  this  is  the  fertilizing  or  plant 
food  value,  and  has  nothing  to  do  with 
the  feeding  value.  One  shows  what  the 
bran  contains  in  the  way  of  plant  food, 
the  other  shows  the  animal  food  value. 
The  plant  will  take  the  nitrogen,  phos¬ 
phorus  and  potash  out  of  the  bran  and 
combine  it  with  starch,  sugar  and  other 
substances  to  form  animal  food. 
Iu  giving  the  value  of  this  animal  food 
the  chemists  divide  it  into  protein,  fat, 
crude  fibre  and  nitrogen  free  extract. 
On  this  card  the  millers  have  printed 
nothing  but  "nitrogen"  leaving  off  the 
most  important  part.  Protein  is  a  name 
given  to  all  the  food  elements  which  con¬ 
tain  nitrogen.  Usually  this  nitrogen  is 
combined  with  a  little  more  than  six 
times  as  much  of  other  elements  to  form 
"proteins."  Thus  you  see  that  if  this 
bran  contain  two  per  cent,  of  nitrogen 
and  14*4  of  protein  the  proportion  is 
about  right,  and  one  analysis  about 
proves  the  other.  "Fat"  means  these 
parts  of  the  bran  which  contain  pure 
fats  or  oils.  “Crude  fibre”  is  the  part 
too  coarse  and  hard  to *be  easily  digested. 
"Nitrogen  free  extract,"  sometimes  called 
"carbohydrates,”  represents  the  parts 
which  contain  starch,  sugar  and  other 
feeds  which  contain  no  nitrogen.  Thus 
the  protein  contains  all  the  nitrogen  in 
the  food  while  the  carbohydrates  contain 
none.  The  trouble  is  that  on  their  card 
the  millers  printed  "nitrogen”  alone, 
where  they  should  have  printed  "nitro¬ 
gen  free  extract."  It  is  not  likely  they 
did  this  with  any  desire  to  deceive  the 
buyer,  but  they  left  off  the  important 
part  and  it  is  no  wonder  the  customer 
was  confused. 
Too  Much  Bulk 
Will  you  give  me  a  balanced  ration  for 
Summer  feeding?  We  have  good  corn 
silage,  and  have  a  good  meadow,  also  have 
sowed  corn.  Cows  get  all  of  the  sowed 
corn  they  will  eat  at  nights.  The  grain 
rations  consist  of  two  parts  gluten,  four 
brewers’  grain,  five  parts  of  wheat  bran. 
I  do  not  think  much  of  the  ration,  as  the 
rows  are  putting  on  flesh  and  not.  making 
the  milk.  The  cows  are  purebred  Hol- 
steins  and  grade  cows  of  all  breeds. 
Pennsylvania.  w.  B. 
Our  criticism,  of  the  ration  you  are  now 
feeding  is  that  it  contains  too  much  bulk. 
A  grain  ration  which  is  giving  good  re¬ 
sults  under  conditions  similar  to  yours  is 
made  of  100  dried  distillers’  or  brewers’ 
grains,  200  wheat  middlings,  100  gluten 
feed,  100  bran,  50  cottonseed  meal,  1  per 
cent,  salt,  H.  F.  j. 
Grain  Mixture  Without  Silage 
Thanks  to  a  Farmers’  Union  I  am  able 
to  get  feeds  at  the  prices  given,  and  wish 
you  to  compound  ration  to  be  fed  this 
Winter  with  clover  hay  mostly,  no  silage 
nor  roots;  cows  are  llolsteins  fed  for 
milk.  Feed  costs,  distillers’  grains,  $31 ; 
bominy  meal,  $31 ;  gluten  feed.  $29 ; 
bran,  Winter,  $25;  linseed  meal,  $33.  By 
report  of  Wisconsin  Experiment  Station, 
25  per  cent,  of  protein  should  be  from  oil 
meals.  In  November  I  can  get  cotton¬ 
seed  meal  for  $35  a  ton.  Can  a  feed  be 
made  from  these  feeds  that  will  give  re¬ 
sults  equal  to  the  best  ready  rations? 
Maine.  j.  ii. 
The  following  is  a  ration  figured  from 
list  of  feeds  given.  There  is  no  reason 
why  this  should  not  give  as  good  results 
and  probably  better  than  the  Teady  mixed 
ration.  18  lbs.  clover  and  mixed  hay,  2 
parts  distillers’  grains,  2  parts  bominy, 
1  part  bran.  1  part  gluten  feed,  1  part 
oil  meal.  1  per  cent.  salt. 
Feed  grain  mixture  at  rate  of  1  lb,  to 
4  lbs.  of  milk  produced  daily.  Since  you 
have  no  silage  or  mots  I  believe  you 
would  find  it  to  good  advantage  to  feed 
some  dried  beet,  pulp  in  the  ration.  You 
could  substitute  one  part  hominy  and  one 
part  bran  with  three  parts  dried  beet 
pulp.  The  beet  pulp  may  be  mixed  in 
with  the  other  grains  when  making  up 
the  ration.  n.  F.  J. 
Ration  for  Cow  and  Pig* 
Would  you  give  a  ration  for  three- 
year-old  heifer,  half  Guernsey,  half  Jer¬ 
sey?  Very  poor  pasture;  have  to  buy 
everything.  Heifer  gives  10  quarts  milk 
a  day  now.  Also  ration  for  pigs,  under 
same  conditions.  a.  f. 
Since  your  pasture  is  very  poor,  the 
grain  ration  I  shall  recommend  may  also 
be  used  under  Winter  conditions.  After 
pasturage  is  over  feed  what  hay  the  cow 
will  clean  up.  It  may  be  a  good  plan  to 
feed  some  hay  now  if  pasture  is  decidedly 
poor.  Make  up  a  grain  ration  of  two 
parts  dried  distillers’  grains,  one  part 
wheat  middlings,  one  part  gluten  feed, 
one  part  bran,  seven  parts  cottonseed 
meal.  Feed  graiu  at  rate  of  one  pound 
to  3^4  lbs.  of  milk  produced  daily. 
For  pigs  feed  one  part  cornmeal.  two 
parts  middlings,  *4  part  oil  meal  or  tank¬ 
age.  Feed  in  slop  with  skim-milk,  if 
you  have  it.  ir,  f.  j. 
Swine  Growers  Meet 
About  200  men  prominently  interested 
in  hogs  and  other  live  stock  paid  an  all¬ 
day  visit  to  Linda  Vista  farm,  Holliston, 
Mass.,  August  16,  on  the  occasion  of  the 
annual  field  day  of  the  Massachusetts 
Swine  Breeders'  Association.  The  farm 
is  interesting  because  of  its  complete 
equipment  and  its  herds  of  "May  Rose” 
Guernseys  and  Chester  White  hogs.  Vis¬ 
itors  seemed  enthusiastic  over  the  outlook 
for  live  stock,  both  for  breeding  ami  for 
market.  It  was  contended  that,  under 
right  conditions,  the  hog  no  less  than  the 
sheep  has  the  golden  hoof. 
Manager  John  Buckley  of  Rlythewood 
Farms,  Pittsfield,  told  how  pork  could  be 
made  at  four  to  six  cents  a  pound  by  a 
labor  and  grain  .saving  system  of  bogging 
off  forage  crops.  The  season  started  with 
grass  and  rye  followed  by  clover,  peas  and 
oats,  then  Canada  field  peas.  Finally  came 
field  corn  to  be  hogged  off  when  nearly 
ripe.  Rape  is  also  a  favorite  crop,  rank¬ 
ing  nearly  with  clover  in  general  value. 
Clover  is  sown  after  the  rye.  The  plan 
of  hogging  off  the  crops  was  criticised  by 
some  in  the  audience,  but  the  speaker  in¬ 
sisted  that  the  labor  saving  was  far 
greater  than  the  waste,  which  was  Slight, 
especially  if  the  fields  were  divided  to 
pasture  only  an  acre  or  two  at  once. 
Spring  pigs  could  be  raised  without  any 
grain  except  a  little  middlings,  etc.,  and 
wlmt  they  get  from  the  forage  crops. 
The  use  and  results  of  the  self-feeders 
were  described  by  Secretary  E.  C.  Quaifo. 
who  believes  the  device  is  useful  as  a 
labor-saver  when  feeding  hogs  in  a  dry 
lot,  or  when  supplying  additional  feed  in 
a  hogging-off  system  or  when  wishing  to 
get  most,  weight  in  shortest  time.  It  can¬ 
not  be  used  for  breeding  sows  unless 
grain  is  mixed  with  Alfalfa  or  some  such 
material.  At  Amherst  they  feed  hogs 
with  the  feeder,  using  cornmeal.  mid¬ 
dlings,  tankage,  salt  and  charcoal,  and 
they  get  two  to  three  pounds  gain  per  day. 
A  farmer  following  the  plan  is  getting 
two  pounds  a  day  gain.  At  Ames,  Iowa, 
they  got  405  pounds  weight  at  eight 
months  old  compared  with  previous  high 
record  of  280  pounds.  It  is  a  plan  suit¬ 
able  only  for  animals  raised  for  meat.  It 
reduces  labor  to  lowest  point.  When  left 
to  choose  for  himself  the  hog  departs 
somewhat  from  the  standard  ration.  As 
the  feeding  period  advances,  he  takes  less 
cornmeal  and  more  meat,  or  tankage.  It 
is  supposed  that  as  he  becomes  fat  he 
has  not  room  enough  to  handle  the 
amount  of  corn  needed  to  give  him  the  re¬ 
quired  protein,  and  so  he  takes  more 
meat.  The  hoppers  are  filled  only  once  a 
week  or  so,  depending  on  the  size  of  the 
herd. 
Sumner  Tarker,  Supervisor  of  the 
State  Farm  Bureaus,  spoke  of  the  value 
of  pedigree.  The  farm  management  sur¬ 
veys  had  shown  that  dairying  is  profit¬ 
able  up  to  50  per  cent,  of  the  farm’s  ac¬ 
tivities.  For  the  balance  it  is  natural  to 
turn  to  live  stock,  using  at  least  a  pure¬ 
bred  sire  to  inerouse  the  market  value  of 
the  surplus  stock.  But  the  market  is 
active  for  purebred  young  stock.  If  a 
cow  of  any  leading  breed  and  strain  is 
sold  to  a  man  iu  a  neighboring  town, 
somebody  is  sure  to  look  it  up  and  call  to 
buy  the  calves.  There  is  a  recent  export 
demand,  too,  from  Africa  and  South 
America.  The  value  of  stock,  said  the 
speaker,  depends  on  how  ample  is  the 
history.  The  pedigree  is  family  history, 
and  the  advanced  record  is  amplified  his¬ 
tory.  A  system  of  herd  records  and  reg¬ 
istration  is  an  advantage  in  advertising. 
According  to  E.  N.  Boland,  the  State 
agent  for  the  boys’  and  girls’  pig  clubs, 
there  are  800  to  900  pigs  in  the  contest. 
The  Swine  Breeders’  Association  is  pros¬ 
perous  and  has  80  members.  a.  n,  v. 
