1202 
l ~he  RURAL  NEW-VORKt-jC 
September  10,  1910. 
Cesspool  Refuse  as  Fertilizer 
1  was  much  interested  in  the  article  by 
TV.  A.  Boyd  on  “Liquid  Manure  as  a 
Plant  Food,”  page  1002,  and  I  would  like 
to  know  how  the  contents  (both  solid 
matter  and  liquid)  of  a  cesspool  where  a 
flush  closet  is  used,  can  be  used  to  the 
best  advantage  in  my  vegetable  and 
flower  garden.  g,  g. 
M  assachusetts. 
Tbe  contents  of  a  cesspool  are  not  as  a 
rule  of  as  great  value  as  some  people 
think.  The  flush  closet  system  results  in 
such  a  dilution  of  water  that  at  the  point 
where  a  sewer  empties  it  has  been  found 
that  there  are  only  2.2  parts  of  nitrogen 
to  every  100.000.  This  would  be  com¬ 
parable  to  a  septic  tank.  In  a  cesspool 
the  proportion  of  nitrogen  would  cer¬ 
tainly  be  higher.  In  comparison  with 
animals  the  total  excreta  of  a  cow  with¬ 
in  a  year  will  contain  nine  times  more 
nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid,  and  potash 
than  will  that  of  an  individual.  More¬ 
over,  compared  with  applying  farm  ma¬ 
nure  the  application  of  cesspool  material 
means  as  much  labor  with  the  addition 
of  organic  matter  largely  left  out.  Yet 
with  our  simple  manner  of  handling  the 
material  it  perhaps  pays.  Our  cesspool  is 
situated  near  the  hogpen.  When  this  pen 
is  well  filled  with  manure  the  contents 
of  the  cesspool  are  pumped  over  and  ab¬ 
sorbed  by  that  mass  of  organic  matter. 
It  is  thus  carried  to  the  field  when  the 
manure  is  spread.  As  for  direct  ap¬ 
plication  of  this  refuse  it  is  hard  to  say 
what  would  be  the  best  method.  Possibly 
a  siphon  method  would  work.  Pump  tbe 
cesspool  contents  into  a  receptacle  (horse 
trough  etc.),  placed  higher  than  the  plots 
to  be  watered.  Run  a  hose  or  pipe  from 
this  to  the  garden  and  start  siphon  work¬ 
ing  by  filling  with  water.  Let  one  man 
pump  to  keep  receptacle  full  while  ^moth¬ 
er  man  takes  care  of  the  outlet  end, 
either  by  catching  in  bucket  or  sprinkling 
can.  or  by  changing  lmse  about,  or  by 
taking  advantage  of  a  furrow  irrigation 
system.  Under  certain  conditions  I  have 
used  this  system  for  watering  garden 
plots.  It  is  slow  but  it.  will  work. 
I..  K.  W. 
Plaster  on  Garden  Soil 
Wliat  would  the  effect  be  of  .'50  bushels 
of  old  plastering  plowed  into  a  garden  50 
by  100  feet  last  year?  Would  it  be  likely 
to  blast  any  part  of  tbe  garden? 
Arlington,  R.  I.  W.  A.  S. 
Plastering  from  old  walls  contains 
lime,  sand  and  hair.  The  lime  if  crushed 
fine  would  be  about  as  valuable  as  ground 
limestone.  There  is  a  small  amount  of 
nitrogen  in  the  hair,  but  the  piaster!  g 
has  hut  little  fertilizing  value.  It  will 
not  hurt  the  soil  nor  do  it  any  particular 
good  unless  it  is  crushed  fine  before  being 
plowed  under.  We  find  a  better  use  for 
such  refuse  in  piling  it  around  young 
trees  or  fruit  bushes  as  a  mulch. 
NEW  ENGLAND  NOTES 
The  New  England  Fair 
The  Fair  grounds  at  Worcester  were 
crowded  Labor  Dnj  with  a  record  at¬ 
tendance  of  75,000.  The  visitors  ami  the 
exhibits  were  to  some  extent  representa¬ 
tive  of  several  States,  although  it  ap¬ 
pears  that  the  hulk  of  attendance  is 
drawn  from  within  50  miles  of  the  city. 
A  strong  feature  was  the  showing  of 
the  beef  and  two-purpose  cattle.  “It  is 
the  high  price  of  beef,”  said  Pres.  G.  E. 
Taylor,  of  the  Npw  England  Shorthorn 
Breeders’  Association,  “which  bus  forced 
New  England  people  to  consider  the 
breeds  that  add  heavy  beef  and  veal  to 
the  farm  output.”  Mr.  Taylor's  pets  are 
the  milk  Shorthorns,  which  he  considers 
a  fine  type  of  the  dual  purpose,  lie  has 
a  Solid  looking  heifer  that  gave  8,000 
pounds  of  milk  after  her  first  calf,  and 
lias  some  mature  stock  showing  far  bet¬ 
ter.  The  Wade  herd  from  Ohio  num¬ 
bered  18,  Including  the  champion  bull 
from  the  Ohio  State  fair.  One  herd  of 
llerefords  from  New  Hampshire  num¬ 
bered  18,  including  the  champion  bull 
“Mack,”  weight  2,000  pounds.  About  all 
the  best  llerefords  were  from  New 
Hampshire  breeders.  The  showing  of 
Devons  was  the  largest  in  many  years, 
and  there  were  exhibits  of  about  50  work¬ 
ing  oxen.  Among  the  dairy  breeds  the  ex¬ 
hibits  suggested  the  growing  popularity 
of  the  (JueriiReys,  Ayrshires,  Jerseys  and 
Swiss  breeds.  The  Woods  herd  of  21 
grade  Jerseys  seemed  very  practical 
stock. 
The  horse  show  was  strong  in  heavy 
harness  and  saddle  horses.  There  were 
also  some  good  Morgans  and  a  few  Jots 
of  Pereherons.  The  swine  show  was 
strong  in  Berkshires  and  Ghestev  Whites. 
Sheep  were  not,  conspicuous.  The  poul¬ 
try  show  was  not.  large  but  there  was  a 
strong  poultry  and  pet  stock  annex. 
Garden  vegetables  were  well  represent¬ 
ed,  but  not  so  with  fruit  on  aecouut  of 
the  backwardness  of  tbe  season.  The  Al¬ 
falfa  contest  attracted  nine  entries.  The 
highest  scoring  field  was  that  in  charge 
of  President  Mayo,  of  the  New  England 
Alfalfa  Growers’  Association,  which  was 
described  on  page  7(57.  The  best  sample 
growths  were  sent  in  by  E.  D.  Billings,  of 
Greenfield;  the  next  best  by  C.  W.  Pres¬ 
cott.  of  Concord;  third  best  by  H.  1*. 
Hood  A  Sons.  Beverly,  and  fourth  by  II. 
W.  Knights,  of  Littleton.  In  the  Wor¬ 
cester  County  tent  also  there  was  some 
good  Alfalfa  including  rare  varieties  by 
President  J.  L.  Ellsworth,  of  the  local 
farm  bureau.  This  bureau’s  exhibits, 
lectures  and  demonstrations  were  a  draw¬ 
ing  feature.  The  State  college  also  lmd  a 
motor  truck  full  of  exhibits  with  which 
it.  is  traveling  from  fair  to  fair,  showing 
and  lecturing.  The  fish  and  game  com¬ 
mission  had  live  specimens  of  leading 
species  of  waterfowl,  pheasants,  part¬ 
ridges.  also  eighteen  tanks  of  native 
game  fish. 
In  the  machinery  division,  motor 
trucks  and  autos  of  new  designs  seemed 
to  attract  more  notice  than  the  farm  im¬ 
plements.  New  makes  of  farm  tractors, 
light,  and  adapted  to  small  farms  if  not 
too  steep.  There  was  a  combined  gas  en¬ 
gine  and  dynamo  for  electric  lighting, 
also  new  sprayers,  vineyard  plows  and 
seeding  machines.  Among  special  ex¬ 
hibits  was  Sudan  grass  six  feet  high  re¬ 
sembling  giant  millet,  end  some  Eureka 
corn  1(5  feet  high,  raised  by  E.  T.  Clark 
of  South  Sudbury,  who  says  he  has  550 
acres  like  it.  Poultry-men.  were  inter¬ 
ested  in  a  pullet  hatched  in  February 
and  laying  40-ccnt  eggs  in  July,  five 
months  later  to  a  day,  which  is  good  for 
a, Rhode  Island  Red.  Most,  of  them  do 
not  moult  the  same  year,  asserts  the 
owner,  but  he  admits  that  they  often  do 
if  hatched  in  March.  Ho  selects  stock 
for  vigor  and  early  maturity  and  feeds 
plenty  of  skim-i  ilk  which  alone  he  says 
makes  about  two  weeks’  difference. 
G.  B.  F. 
Boston  Produce  Markets 
BUTTER  VALUES  STRONGLY  HELD. 
Extra,  tub  creamery  is  in  good  demand 
at  32c.,  which  is  %r.  above  last  quota¬ 
tion.  Firsts  are  also  a  shade  higher,  but 
dairy  and  other  grades  are  about  the 
same.  Arrivals  lately  have  been  mod¬ 
erate,  and  the  total  since  May  1  is  only 
12  per  cent,  ahead  of  the  11)15  season  of 
corresponding  date.  Said  0.  11.  Stone  & 
Co.:  “The  market  has  been  tending  up¬ 
ward  lately.  There  is  some  demand  for 
export.  The  quality  is  improving  ns  the 
weather  grows  cooler.  There  is  less  de¬ 
mand  for  milk  for  ice  cream,  which  af¬ 
fects  the  supply  considerably  in  some  sec¬ 
tions.  Du  account  of  the  higher  price  of 
cheese,  a  certain  amount  of  milk  is  being 
taken  to  cheese  factories  instead  of  to 
creameries.  Butter  is  higher  in  British 
markets  than  here,  even  allowing  for  the 
high  freight  of  two  cents  a  pound,  but  ex¬ 
porters  hesitate  to  ship  freely  because 
the  foreign  markets  are  likely  to  la-  upset 
by  heavy  arrivals  from  Australia  and 
New  Zealand.”  Said  another  dealer: 
"Shipments  to  this  market  have  been  cut 
down  owing  to  dry  weather  in  the  West, 
and  our  surplus  stands  only  about  the 
same  as  a.  year  ago,  although  at  one  time 
it  seemed  there  would  be  a  great  excess. 
The  market  is  very  firm,  although  some 
dullness  is  noticed  in  the  jobbing  trade 
because  some  people  were  afraid  of  the 
strike  and  bought  ahead.”  The  cheese 
market  bolds  firm.  Foreign  markets  are 
reported  strong  and  country  markets  here 
show  an  advancing  tendency.  Boston 
quotations  hold  at  a  range  of  IS  to  10c. 
for  choice  grades  and  1(5  to  17c.  for  fair 
to  good.  Skims  are  steady  at  11  to  14c. 
HIGH  EGG  PRICE  SLACKENS  DEMAND. 
Nearby  eggs  arc  selling  more  slowly 
since  the  price  jumped  up  into  tin*  forties. 
Said  a  large  receiver:  “A  few  weeks 
ago  wo  couldn’t  supply  the  demand,  and 
the  store  was  kept  wholly  bare  of  stock. 
Now  we  have  a  hundred  cases  at  least  of 
hennery  eggs.  A  great  many  of  the  coun¬ 
try  hotels  shifted  to  storage  eggs  and 
found  them  quite  satisfactory  at  this 
time  of  year.  Many  buyers  seem  to  be 
looking  for  something  at  a  lower  price 
than  hennery.  One  man  to-day  wanted 
us  to  take  back  a  case  of  them  and  give 
him  cheaper  ones.  Many  consumers  are 
getting  into  the  habit  of  pickling  eggs. 
But  anyhow  the  demand  ought,  to  be 
enough  to  keep  the  market  strong  be¬ 
cause  the  output  tends  to  lessen  at  this 
season.  They  should  bring  good  prices 
right  along,”  Extra  nearby  hennery  are 
45c.,  Eastern  extras  42,  Western  prime 
firsts  32  and  cold  storage  27  to  29c. 
Western  eggs  are  still  showing  consid¬ 
erable  damage  from  heat, 
NARROW  POULTRY  MARKET. 
Some  dealers  say  poultry  trade  is  dull, 
others  assert  that  the  market  is  bare  of 
supplies.  It  may  be  concluded  that  the 
market  is  restricted  both  ways.  The 
high  prices  have  checked  demand,  while 
the  receipts  are  not  large  enough  to  fur¬ 
nish  any  surplus  stock.  At  times,  the  de¬ 
lays  of  transportation  have  caused  actual 
(Continued  on  page  1223) 
“For  the  Land’s  Sake,  use  Bowker’s 
Fertilizers;  they  enrich  tbe  earth  and 
those  who  till  it.” — Adv. 
Absolutely  the  most  \  X  3 
up-to-date  and  corn-  / 
plete  Potato  Digger  \  / 
on  the  market.  n/ 
BATEMAN  MFG.  GO 
Write  Quick  as  Stock  is  Limited 
Box  28,  GRENLOCH,  N.  J 
2  Montmorency,  2  Early  Richmond  Cherry,  I  York 
stilt*  Pron*.  1  Rnlno  Claude  Plum,  I  Bartlett,  1 
Anjou  Pear.  1  Mclntooh.  1  Crime  'r Golden  Apple.  1 
^  Orange  Ontnc*.  1  Elbert*  Peach.  12  firHt-elnaa 
u  ft.  bno  for  98c.  W«  »r*  tbo  largest  Nnrserles 
New  York.  Sell  A  No.  1  stock  st  tha  rlirht 
prices.  Write  for  tree  Wholesale  Cat* lotto*. 
EMtaMiohcd  SjB  pear*. 
MALONEY  BROS. A  WELLS  OO. 
20  Main  Str*at,Dansvlll*,  N.  Y. 
Dapavllle's  l1 1  oncer  W  b  o  I  o  ■  ■  1  o  Nqriorlea. 
Spread  apples  —  m 
8m]  oilier  fruit,  berries  or^Vfl  Hfl 
,  Vegetables  on  the  “Granger” 
Sr  Evaporator  nnd  go  about  your 
f  work.  No  attention,  no  bother.  No  1 
sugar  to  buy,  no  jars.  Evaporated  fruits 
m  nnd  vegetables  are  most  wholesome  and  do- V 
J licions  and  enjoyed  by  all  the  family.  [All  you’ 
need  to  furnish  n  supply  for  borne  use  or  for  sale 
The  leading  market  pear;  told  last  season  at  »  barrel. 
Fruit  large  and  delicious.  Tree  hardy  and  an  excellent  bearer, 
Send  for  Fraser**  Tree  Book  of  Apples,  Pears,  Peaches, 
Plums,  Cherries,  an.,  other  fruits.  Write  today. 
SAMUEL  FRASER  NURSERY,  lor..  126  MaiaSL.  Ccntsto.  N.  Y. 
at  a  good  profit,  Isa  simple,  well-built  abd  reliable 
“Granger”  Evaporator 
Use  it  byrestuig on backof  kitchen  stove.  Nocxtra 
cost  for  operation.  Get  one  now  for  use  this  season. 
Save  money  drying  your  own  products.  Made 
.  in  two  handy  sizes,  at  f, 5  nmi  $to,  delivered  , 
L  anywhere  and  guaranteed  satisfactory  or  i 
\  your  money  back.  'Write  for  Booklet  E)  t 
\  GRANGE  SALES  ASSOCIATION.  \W / 
3L  Lafayette  Bid*.,  Philadelphia  nir 
For  Fall  and  Spring 
planting.  Guaranteed 
healthy,  hardy,  true, 
direct  from  Nursery. 
Bend  to-day  for  cata¬ 
logue.  Established  18£9. 
010.  A.  SWEET  NURSERY  CO. 
20  Maple  St.,  DANSVILLE  N.  Y. 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS 
For  September  and  Fall  planting.  Runner  and  pot- 
crown  plants  that  will  bear  fruit  next  summer. 
Leading  standard  and  Everbearing  varieties.  Also 
RASPBERRY.  BLACKBERRY.  ASPARAGUS  PLANTS.  FRUIT 
TREES,  ORNAMENTAL  TREES.  SHRUBS.  Catalogue  free. 
Harry  L.  Squireen.  Good  Ground,  N.  Y. 
STRAWBERRY  PLANTS  S&l 
August,  September  and  October  sotting*.  Layer 
Clarita  from  60  different  varieties,  including  Fall- 
caring.  Send  for  Catalog.  J.  Ktiflord  Hill,  Qeat.2.  Rhadeadalc,  Md. 
MAMMOTH  WHITE  R YF  timothy,  alfalfa. vetch. Etc. 
lYIAIftmUin  ItilllE  IT  I  E  n.oou  bushels  fine  Seed  Wheat, 
Samples  and  catalog  free.  W.  N.  SCUFF ,  tax  0,  New  Carliale,  0. 
CCCn  pvt  f«r  Cal* — Large,  White  variety.  Sam 
OllU  flit  IUT  Dale  pie  on  request.  $1.60  per  bushel- 
while  It  lasts.  Fairfield  Farms,  Trappe,  Pa, 
The  Ounce  of  Prevention 
Prevent  injuries  to  your  fruit  trees  NOW 
— don’t  have  them  girdled  and  killed  by 
mice  or  rabbits  this  winter.  Put 
an  inexpensive 
EXCELSIOR  WIRE  MESH  GUARD 
around  each  one.  Can  be  set  up  fn  a  moment  and 
taken  off  next  spring.  Galvanized— lasts  for  years. 
Write  for  sizes  and  prices. 
WRIGHT  WIRE  CO.,  Dept.R,  WorceUer.  Mau. 
APPLE  BARRELS 
ouglily  seasoned  stock.  liobt.  Gillies,  Medina,  N.Y. 
Whys  and  Wherefores 
of  Fall  Spraying 
is  the  title  of  a  little  booklet,  giving  seven 
reasons,  official  and  non-official,  why  it  is  the 
best  time  to  spray.  This  booklet  willbosent 
out  by  the  B.  G.  Pratt  Co.,  50 Church  St.., 
New  York,  manufacturers  of  the  well  -known 
“SCALECIDE”  ata  very  early  dale.  I  f  yon 
are  not  on  their  mailing  list,  send  them  a 
postal  today  giving  the  number  of  your  t  rees 
and  your  dealer’s  name  and  you  w  ill  re¬ 
ceive  a  copy  free.  Address  Dept.  N. 
Choice  Farm  Seeds 
Winter  Vetch  (Vi«a  vnio.,) 
Valuable  as  a  Winter  cover  crop,  also  for  bay 
and  green  manure.  Vlcia  Villosa  is  the  only 
reliable  Vetoh  for  Fall  Bowing.  Write  for  our 
leaflet  and  price  of  seed. 
Dreer’s  Autumn  Catalogue 
offers  a  list  of  Farm  Seeds  for  Fall  sowing 
including  Wheat,  Dwarf  Essex  Rape,  Grass 
and  Clover  seeds,  also  a  complete  list  of 
Spring-Flowering  Bulbs,  Hyacinths,  Tulips, 
Narcissus,  Crocus,  Lilies,  etc.  Write  for  copy 
and  mention  this  Publication. 
Henry  A.  Dreer 
714*716  Chestnut  St.  Phila.,  Pa. 
true  it>  Nunc—  Fret  from  DistiM: 
I  Apple,  Pear.  Peach.  Plum,  and  Quinco 
■  l  \  «|  LAM  Trei'u— Small  Frtilta,  *hnt  mak,» 
profitable  herd*  %nti  i^-f -^upportinu 
1  J  .1  H  iptrdpnx.  Hbtppud  to  >\.o  ffum  cur  nuru 
■  p  J  ■  eric*  ut  wbolofftle  iirfco*.  Afi  yt'firN  of 
|  |  1  m  mM  ■  peritonei  eefvlc*  b»ek*  our  binding 
anomnW.  H«»Rhy.  Btardy  tipccimoni* 
only  tjrrl-'Uv  c-md  P'»«U1 
e,'w  *Mr  ,iljr  bhc  *r<Mi  lUfJtiofr  and  do 
eome  Kail  I'ianung. 
Ycu*tl  Never  Regret  I'luuiinQ  K*Uy  7 V#fn 
KbIIj firoi.,^  holciiih Ffbnvriti)  24  Main  Bt»,  Dboiville)  !V.Y« 
BOOKS  WORTH  BUYING 
The  Rose,  Parsons .  1.00 
Plant  Diseases,  Massee . 1.60 
Landscape  Gardening,  Maynard....  1.60 
Clovers,  Shaw .  1.00 
THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER, 
333  WEST  30th  ST.,  NEW  YORK. 
Big  drop  in  prices.  Buy  now  from  us.  Also 
millions  of  trees,  shrubs  and  plants.  New  price 
list  and  catalog  ready. 
THE  WESTMINSTER  NURSIRT,  lit  129,  WlitniRStfr,  Md. 
JjpJ, 
J t  mEB ./ jr 
BSOfr  ^rLmernmSt TV 
