1230  Cfte  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
that  quickly  cools  it  to  45  deg.  The  cover  is  not  being  ''uplifted'’  out  of  Egypt,  but  uttered  the  most 
removed  again  except  to  pout  the  milk  from  the  vigorous  protest  against  being  disturbed. 
can  into  the  receiving  tank  at  the  city  depot.  3.  The  only  people  supporting  them  are  lawyers 
PASTEURIZING  AND  COOLING. — As  soon  as  and  merchants  who  should  pay  for  their  own  ed li¬ 
the  tank  is  filled  its  cover  is  put  in  place,  the  agi-  cation. 
tator  started  slowly  revolving,  and  the  jacket  sur-  So  far  ns  we  arc  concerned  this  is  not  true,  for 
rounding  the  milk  tank  filled  with  water.  A  jet  of  nil  members  of  our  executive  committee,  except  one, 
steam  is  turned  into  the  water  surrounding  the  milk  are  farmers  who  get  their  living  by  tilling  the  soil, 
until  the  milk  is  raised  «t<)  a  proper  temperature  for  and  66%  of  the  members  arc  in  the  same  class, 
pasteurization,  where  it;  is  held  a  sufficient  time  to  4.  Eighty  per  cent,  of  the  farmers  know  all  the 
destroy  all  germs.  Without,  removing  the  cover  or  approved  methods  and  are  practicing  them  as  far 
exposing  the  milk  to  more  infection  the  hot  water  as  possible,  while  the  other  '-*0%  would  not  learn 
is  drawn  off  and  replaced  with  pounded  ice  and  anyhow. 
cold  water.  The  slowly  revolving  agitator  soon  re-  In  this  locality,  in  1915,  14  farmers  treated  their 
duced  the  pasteurized  milk  to  45  deg.  or  less,  and  oats  for  smut,  while  in  1916,  after  the  Farm  Bureau 
also  prevents  the  cream  from  rising,  so  that  a  uni-  campaign,  90  treated  oats  for  the  first  time.  In 
form  quality  can  be  drawn  from  a  faucet  at  the  regard  to  dairying,  50  only  out  2,500  are  weighing 
bottom  into  consumers’  pails.  their  milk. 
RETAIL  BUYING. — Those  consumers  wlm  call  or  5.  There  is  scarcely  a  locality  where  there  is  not 
send  for  their  own  milk  are  required  to  keep  con-  demonstration  farm  where  he  can  get  all  his  ad- 
tainers  clean  enough  to  satisfy  a  force  of  city  in-  vice  free. 
speetors,  one  of  whom  is  liable  to  drop  into  the  place  In  this  entire  county  there  is  no  such  farm,  and 
at  any  moment.  As  an  additional  safeguard  both  less  than  12  in  the  whole  State, 
pail  and  cover  are  held  first  over  a  jet  of  live  steam  0.  Few  State  appointees  die  and  none  resign.  All 
and  then  over  a  spray  of  cold  water  before  the  pail  need  more  pay  and  soon  want  assistants, 
is  filled  from  the  faucet,  and  the  cover  put  in  place  There  is  little  to  criticize  in  this,  as  under  a  nor¬ 
and  sealed.  Consul  megs  who  call  or  send  for  their  mul  and  healthy  state  of  affairs  this  is  as  it  should 
own  milk  are  given  trading  stamps  equal  to  the  act-  he. 
iial  cost  of  delivery  by  hoys  or  men  with  push  carts  7.  It  is  a  work  of  supererogation,  tfle  State  col- 
such  as  grocers  and  newsboys  often  use.  These  leges  already  attending  to  its  functions, 
stamps  are  redeemable  in  cash  at.  any  time  in  This  is  absolutely  untrue,  for  the  nearest  the  col- 
amounts  of  50  cents  or  $1.  It  had  long  been  recog-  lege  ever  gets  to  the  farmer  is  with  its  bulletins 
nized  that  opportunities  for  city  hoys  to  earn  spend-  and  farmers’  institutes.  It  is  really  an  extension  of 
ing  money  and  form  habits  of  industry  when  out  of 
school  were  practically  limited  to  the  newsboys 
and  kindred  jobs,  and  this  plan  fills  a  long-felt 
want.  Any  hoy  or  girl  can  get  the  job  of  carrying 
his  mother’s  milkpail,  which  is  so  much  lighter  and 
handier  than  a  lot  of  milk  bottles,  and  many  more 
can  get  the  job  of  carrying  for  their  friends,  or  for 
the  milk  company  to  consumers  not  wishing  to- ..call 
for  it. 
OTftEB  GOODS  SOLD. — These  stores  are  per¬ 
mitted  to  handle  some  other  lines  of  goods,  includ¬ 
ing  eggs  and  butter,  the  profits  from  which  help  pay 
the  rent,. so, -that  the  cost  of  pasteurizing  and  draw¬ 
ing  into  consumers’  pails  is  very  small  indeed.  In 
the  ease  of  farms  like  this,  so  situated  that  the 
milk  can  be  drawn  by  the  farmer's  own  auto  truck 
to  one  of  Ihe  milk  stores  nearly  all  of  the  consum¬ 
er’s  dollar  goes  to  the  farmer.  When  railroad 
freights  have  to  he  paid  on  account  of  distance  or 
poor  roads  freight  and  cartage  lias  t<>  he  provided 
for.  o.  w.  MA1-KS. 
September  2:3,  1010. 
Another  Practical  Farmer  Talks 
To  got  the  consensus  of  opinion  on  the  Farm  Bu¬ 
reau  and  county  agency  subject  I  wrote  to  various 
practical  well-informed  persons  in  several  sections 
for  information.  Answers  following: 
1.  "They  would  he  useful  after  plowing  some  rough 
grOtmd,  having  the  plow  handles  hit  them  in  the  ribs, 
and  experience  in  operating  and  financing  a  farm  for 
a  living  without  the  State  or  rich  relations  to  hack 
them.” 
2.  “It  was  forced  upon  us  by  politicians,  agricul¬ 
turists  and  the  extension  agents  under  State  college 
control,  where  all  the  knowledge  is  supposed  to  cen¬ 
tre  and  the  emoluments  of  the  Smith-Lever  appro¬ 
priations  are  distributed.” 
3.  “As  far  us  I  could  learn  the  only  real  work  was 
forming  hoys’  clubs,  testing  seed  corn,  etc.,  and  that 
there  is  much  dissatisfaction  with  the  whole  busi¬ 
ness.” 
4.  “If  older  and  experienced  men  could  be  em¬ 
ployed  it  might  lie  made  more  useful.” 
5.  “The  majority  of  the  would-be  uplifters  are 
poor  ignorant  well-meaning  fellows,  and  young  men 
who  shun  manual  labor,  aiming  to  dispense  theory 
at  $4  per  diem.” 
0.  "Whether  they  are  worth  the  cost  or  worth  any¬ 
thing  makes  little  difference,  as  certain  influential 
parties  are  bound  we  are  to  have  them,  so  it  seems 
useless  to  offer  any  opposition.” 
It  would  appear  that  farming  does  not  appeal  to 
the  graduates,  whose  parents  expected  them  to  re¬ 
turn  to  their  homes  and  make  farming  profitable  by 
the  application  of  scientific  methods  and  technical 
appliances.  w.  n.  stout. 
Schuylkill  Co.,  l‘a. 
A  Community  Hoghouse  in  Iowa.  Fig.  503.  See  page  1244 
the  college,  bringing  the  best  of  all  they  have  into 
daily  personal  contact  in  a  way  calculated  to  make 
a  lasting  impression  and  create  living  interest. 
8.  The  farmers  are  chagrined  and  amused  when 
their  children  tell  them  how  to  select  corn. 
Here  at  last  we  have  the  microbe  that  has  been 
biting  the  writer  all  along.  The  man  who  cannot 
learn  from  a  child  is  indeed  in  a  had  way,  reminding 
one  of  the  Unitarian  minister  who  was  so  liberal  he 
would  not  preach  in  a  Methodist  pulpit. 
Without  any  uncharitable  thought,  Mr.  Baird  sug¬ 
gests  the  man  who,  because  lie  is  comfortable  him¬ 
self,  thinks  all  the  rest  are  warm.  I  know  there  are 
I  hose  among  us  like  this,  who  pride  themselves  on 
the  fact  they  never  had  a  new  thought  since  1S60, 
and  become  peeved  at  once  if  reminded  that  condi¬ 
tions  are  radically  different  now.  I  recall  the  state¬ 
ment  of  an  efficiency  expert  who  was  imposed  on 
nn*  15  years  ago,  to  tin*  effect  that  on  being  hired  to 
go  through  a  celebrated  pickle  factory  and  remove 
hindrances,  suggest  new  methods,  etc.,  he  located 
the  head  and  front  of  all  trouble  in  the  founder  of 
the  concern,  which  had  outgrown  his  capacity,  the 
result  being  the  directors  made  him  an  allowance 
of  $50,000  per  year  on  condition  that  he  never  enter 
the  factory. 
The  inference  all  through  is,  the  majority  of 
farmers  are  in  a  thriving,  prosperous  condition, 
away  above  the  average  of  intelligence,  fully  call¬ 
able  of  taking  care  of  themselves  without  outside 
assistance.  The  facts  r  have  given  prove  tills  a 
false  assumption,  and  my  personal  experience  cor¬ 
roborates  it.  Seven  years’  careful  search  has  failed 
to  reveal  a  single  farmer  who  lias  secured  his  pres¬ 
ent  position,  or  is  at  present  paying  his  way  and 
making  wages  equal  to  a  section  hand  on  the  rail¬ 
road,  without  getting  an  income  from  outside 
sources  that  cannot  be  classified  as  farming,  running 
all  the  way  from  increase  of  land  values  and  mar¬ 
rying  a  rich  widow  to  peddling  and  hanging  on  to 
political  jobs. 
With  such  a  diagnosis,  all  of  which  can  be  sup¬ 
ported  by  facts,  is  it  not:  a  marvel  one  can  he  found 
objecting  to  the  county  agent  and  the  Farm  Bureau, 
who  are  doing  a  much  needed  work  among  a  class  of 
people  who  have  been  sadly  neglected  in  the  mad 
race  for  wealth,  and  practically  isolated  from  the 
refinements  of  life?  Tile  county  agent  is  analogous 
to  the  efficiency  expert  in  business,  and  no  real 
man,  alive  to  present  conditions,  will  object  to  one 
or  the  other.  w.  tiU'kman. 
IN  my  figures  on  the  cost  of  milk  production  which 
you  printed  on  page  1081  I  charged  the  dairy  with 
the  grain  actually  purchased.  I  figured  the  hay  at 
$12  a  ton,  which  i<  a  very  reasonable  estimate  of  its 
value  at  the  farm,  as  it  would  probably  have  sold  for 
more  than  that  amount  if  I  had  sold  it  on  the  mar¬ 
ket  instead  of  feeding  it  to  the  cows.  The  silage  was 
figured  at  $5  a  ton  which  is  the  approximate  cost 
of  production,  according  to  various  cost  accounts, 
and  is  also  a  very  reasonable  charge  when  figuring 
its  feeding  value  as  compared  with  lmy  or  grain. 
The  $525  charged  for  labor  included  only  the  labor 
actually  spent  on  the  dairy.  The  rent  of  land  and 
cost  of  labor  used  in  growing  the  hay  and  silage 
was  not  Included  iu  the  labor  expenses.  The  in¬ 
terest,  depreciation  and  loss  on  $360,  or  $15  per 
cow,  included  $5  interest  and  $10  per  cow  for  loss 
and  depreciation,  which  is  certainly  none  too  high, 
The  $240  charged  for  the  use  of  buildings  is  fig¬ 
ured  on  the  basis  of  10%  for  interest  and  deprecia¬ 
tion  on  the  part,  of  barn,  the  silo  and  milk  house, 
used  solely  for  dairy  purposes.  Certainly  no  busi¬ 
ness  man  would  care  to  rent  such  buildings  for  an 
annual  rent  amounting  to  less  than  10%  of  their 
actual  valuation.  The  fact  that  I  own  these  build¬ 
ings  should  not  prevent  my  charging  dairy  rent  for 
use  of  them. 
in  figuring  my  dairy  expenses  and  receipts  1  fig¬ 
ured  the  daily  separate  from  the  rest  of  my  farm, 
as  I  have  considerable  receipts  from  purebred  stock 
and  hay  sold  each  year.  If  it  were  not  for  these 
other  receipts,  I  would  not  he  able  to  make  a  decent 
living.  The  house  rent,  firewood  and  garden  stuff 
received  by  family  is  neither  credited  nor  charged 
against  the  dairy  in  any  way,  and  should  not  be,  as 
the  dairy  business  is  figured  entirely  separate  from 
the  rest  of  the  farm.  The  dairy  was  not  credited 
with  the  milk  used  in  the  house,  neither  was  it 
charged  with  the  cost  of  milk  hauling,  which  would 
much  more  than  offset  the  former. 
The  labor  that  I  spent  on  dairy  was  charged  tip 
at  the  same  price  as  was  charged  for  the  hired  man, 
and  the  $246.96  profit  does  really  represent  what  I 
received  above  the  hired  man’s  wages,  for  managing 
the  dairy.  However,  my  receipts  per  cow  are  ap¬ 
proximately  twice  the  average  for  this  county,  and 
even  with  these  conditions  I  can  little  more  than 
break  even  in  the  dairy  business. 
OTCRHKRT  ,T.  KERSUAW. 
A  Defense  of  the  Farm  Bureau 
[Following  our  usual  plan  we  stand  willing  to  give  all 
sides  of  a  question  about  which  farmers  differ.  We 
have  called  for  a  reply  to  the  recent  article  by  E.  .T. 
Baird  on  page  1026.  Now  comes  the  following  by 
Win.  Trueman  of  New  York.  There  are  several  other 
sides  yet  to  lie  considered.] 
I  HOLD  no  brief  for  the  Farm  Bureau,  hut  Mr. 
Baird’s  article  on  page  1<»26  is  such  a  joyous 
example  of  a  man  starting  out  with  a  false  premise, 
making  irrational  deductions  and  arriving  at  an 
illogical  conclusion,  that  the  temptation  to  answer  it 
is  altogether  too  tempting  to  put  aside.  A  careful 
analysis  of  the  article  leaves  eight  points,  which  for 
conciseness  I  will  quote  and  answer. 
t.  The  farmer  is1  insulted  by  the  suggestion  that 
he  needs  assistance. 
I  know  there  are  some  fanners  like  this.  It  is 
most  unfortunate  but  true.  It  is  also  true  that 
when  a  man,  be  he  farmer  or  not,  gets  to  this  point, 
he  is  almost  beyond  hope. 
2.  The  farmers  do  not  ask  for  a  Farm  Bureau 
and  do  not  f«-el  any  need  if  one. 
I  realize  the  writer  is  referring  to  Pennsylvania, 
while  I  am  writing  of  conditions  in  New  York; 
.still,  experience  proves  human  nature  to  he  fairly 
much  alike,  and  in  this  ease  the  geographical  dif¬ 
ference  ought  not  to  count  to  a  noticeable  extent, 
though  the  State  laws  may  alter  the  viewpoint. 
Thus,  iu  this  State.  10%  of  the  farmers  in  a  c-ounty 
must  become  members  before  the  State  will  recog¬ 
nize  it.  This  fact  alone  disposes  of  the  objection, 
hut  apart  from  this,  all  history  proves  that  emanci¬ 
pation  of  any  kind  comes  from  those  rare  individ¬ 
uals  who  at  times  have  been  called  seers  and  at 
others  prophets  and  in  some  quarters  are  now 
called  “uplifters,”  I  take  it  Moses  was  one  of  the 
pioneers  in  this  line,  and  In*  surely  did  have  some 
chore  on  his  hands.  Still  it  is  not  on  record  that  lie 
either  “died  or  resigned”  to  accommodate  some  of 
his  associates  wh<>  thought  him  a  pestiferous  nuis¬ 
ance  and  they  full \  able  to  take  earn  of  themselves. 
It  is  also  recorded  that  a  not  ineonsbh  cable  number 
of  lii.s  people  not  onl.\  failed  to  "feel  any  need”  of 
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