V/>e  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
1239" 
liii"  trees  about  that  height  T  prune  to 
keep  suckers  from  any  layer,  rising  into 
the  next  upper  story  to  fill  in  any  breaks 
„  in  Ibe  framework  and  especially  lo  keep 
Pruning  to  an  Ideal 
The  Vase  Form. — We  must  have  an  8fi 
ideal  shape  for  the  mature  tree  if  our 
pruning  is  to  be  anything  but  a  hap-  /  \ 
hazard  affair.  Some  try  to  attain  this  by  t  \  I 
the  open  or  vase  form,  or  by  the  modified  /  \  ! 
vase  form  with  short  centre.  The  first  is  / 
RURALISMS 
The  Clothcraft  Blue 
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— $16.50. 
Because  "5130”  is 
the  largest  selling 
suit  in  America  the 
makers  have  been 
able  to  put  into  it 
this  unusual  value. 
Because  they  have 
put  into  it  this  un¬ 
usual  value,  "5130” 
is  the  largest  se  Uing 
suit  in  America. 
■40  ft 
</?  jrneter  ' 
Outline  of  Pruniiii;.  Fig.  510 
Vase  Form  of  Tree.  Fig.  508. 
ii  successful  plan  with  trees  up  to  a  cer¬ 
tain  age,  but  when  accidents  occur  to  the 
framework  of  branches,  and  successive 
loads  of  fruit  pull  the  branches  down, 
this  method  is  hard  to  adhere  to.  Sooner 
or  later  A,  Fig.  508,  loses  the  branches  mi 
the  lower  side,  and  these  do  not  repro¬ 
duce  themselves. 
The  uprights.  I*  and  C,  have  a  great 
tendency  to  overlap  the  lower  branches  at 
the  outside  of  the  tree,  when  fruit  comes 
on  them,  bowing  A  over,  and  making  a 
hard  tree  to  pick.  Last  of  all  to  make  a 
fairly  thick  top  involves  a  series  of 
crotches  with  branches  one  on  top  of 
the  other,  or  interior  to  each  other,  as  at 
D.  This  is  a  very  difficult  matter  for  or¬ 
dinary  men  to  proportion,  and  even  at 
best  the  crotches  are  weak. 
Modified  Vase  Form. — A  modified 
vase  form  with  six  or  seven  feet  of  trunk 
is  easier  to  prune,  makes  better  main 
crotches,  but  still  leaves  quite,  a  problem 
for  the  pruner  to  solve  as  the  top  opens 
the  top  from  overhanging  any  lower 
branch.  The  entire  branch  system  is  sim¬ 
ilar  to  one  of  the  blades  of  a  screw  pro¬ 
peller  continued  indefinitely  round  and 
round  the  circle,  where  one  looks  at 
branch  from  above.  Knob  branch  is 
pruned  as  shown  in  Fig.  511.  In  this  sys¬ 
tem  each  main  branch  at  four  feet  from 
trunk  divides  into  two  with  the  centre,  cut 
out.  Tli esc  two  branches  continue  in¬ 
definitely  according  to  the  desired  diame¬ 
ter  of  the  tree.  From  these  secondary 
brandies  others  diverge  parallel  to  each 
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Modified  Vase  Form.  Fig.  509 
out.  Most  times  it  results  in  an  opera¬ 
tion  similar  to  that  used  by  the  old  far¬ 
mer  on  his  bald  pate.  They  gather  up 
outside  branches  and  try  to  send  new 
growth  in  to  cover  the  spot  The  top 
branches,  A  and  1>,  (Fig.  500),  have  a 
tendency  to  lose  the  small  branches  in  the 
centre,  making  a  hollow  space  inarched 
with  branches  and  hard  to  pick.  They 
also  form  a  crotch  with  the  same  liabil¬ 
ity  to  split  as  in  the  ordinary  vase  form. 
I  like  a  centre,  in  the  tree  from  top  to 
bottom.  The  lowest  branch  should  start 
at  two  feet  from  ground  and  go  up  at  an 
angle  of  15  degrees  with  the  horizontal. 
Branches  come  out  at  angles  of  <10  de¬ 
grees  round  the  trunk  and  each  rises 
about  one  foot  above  the  last  al  point  of 
issue  from  trunk.  This  makes  the  ideal 
tree  to  have  a  whorl  of  six  lower 
branches,  the  lowest  starting  two  feet 
from  the  ground,  and  the  whole  six 
branches  distributed  evenly  along  the 
next  five  higher  feet  of  trunk,  in  a  cork¬ 
screw  fashion.  The  seventh  branch  would 
be  above  the  first,  but  five  feet  higher. 
The  outside  of  the  tree  has  a  contour  re¬ 
ceding  towards  the  centre  of  the  tree,  at 
an  angle  of  GO  degrees  from  the  horizon¬ 
tal;  and  the  top  is  a  trille  rounded.  This 
rule  results  in  a  tree  10  feet  in  diameter 
being  about  5514  in  height,  or  one  of  20 
feet  diameter  being  lS:;'i  feet  to  top.  As 
the  trunk  in  all  cases  is  the  same  height 
to  the  first  branch,  and  as  the  branch 
goes  up  at  an  angle  of  15  degrees  the  tree 
will  be  a  little  taller  in  proportion  to  Us 
diameter,  as  the  diameter  of  spread  di¬ 
minishes.  I  would  also  have  the  round¬ 
ing  at  the  top  narrower  in  small  trees 
than  on  tall  ones,  on  account  of  the 
greater  probability  of  suckers  forming, 
thus  interfering  with  the  future  carrying 
out  of  this  pluu.  A  tree  15  feet  iu  diame¬ 
ter  of  branches  would  be  about  14  feet 
six  inches  to  top  and  is  the  height  1  like 
to  spray. 
The  FsbaiANEK!  Form. — After  get- 
other  ami  to  the  first  four  feet  of  main 
branch.  At  every  point  wln-re  a  radius 
of  eight  feet  or  multiples  of  eight  feet, 
cross  the  secondary  branch  Ihere  issues 
a  branch  which  is  not  further  split  up. 
Advantages  of  The  Form. — This 
appears  to  me  better  in  design  than  the 
common  method  of  continuing  the  centre 
of  each  main  branch,  both  for  handiness 
in  picking  and  spraying,  and  because  of 
an  easier  access  to  the  heart  of  the  tree. 
However,  this  is  one  of  my  latest  ideas, 
and  may  nut  be  a  desirable  feature.  Trees 
should  he  pruned  hack  to  the  height 
which  their  diameter  of  spread  requires, 
definitely  governed  by  closeness  of  plant¬ 
ing  and  desired  width  of  travel  space.  All 
fruit  is  grown  on  a  rind,  four  or  live  feet 
thick,  on  the  outside  of  file  trees.  And, 
but  that’s  enough  for  one  dose. 
Aovu  Scotia.  JOtt \  iu  ctiana.v. 
'Snag-Proof 
Soot f 
all  duck 
r  T T  A  Lambertville 
|  I Merchant  is 
^  Merchant 
It  stands  to  reason  that  your  best  interests  come 
first  with  the  merchant  who  sells 
RUBBER  FOOTWEAR 
For  he  makes  less  profit  on  these  Boots,  Arctics  and  Shoes.  He  and 
we  both  are  satisfied  with  less  profit  and  more  value  in  the  goods 
because  it  means  multiplied  sales.  rrr*t./r,r-.~?. 
Lambertville  Rubber  Footwear  is  made  in  Jwrl  m  I  M 
four  brands.  “Snag-Proof,"  shown  above,  has  Hi-^n  j 
seven  thicknesses  of  rubber  ground  into  heavy  Sporting  Jr.-v.-  r  '/! 
sail  duck.  “Redskin”  is  all  durable  red  rubber.  Shoe  U  _  j.\ 
Lamco”  has 
“L"  brand  has  duck  vamp.  The  “ 
stout  rubber  ribs  running  down  the  front — red 
rubber  soles.  It  will  pay  you  to  look  up  the 
Lambertville  dealer — he  sells  quality  goods. 
If  you  don’t  locate  him,  write  us  and  we  will 
see  that  you  are  supplied.  Send  for  booklet. 
Hickory  Leaves  and  Mosauitoes 
Here  is  something  which  I  tried  this 
morning  picking  hhickberri.  *.  The  posty 
mosquitoes  were  right  on  the  job.  so  I 
got  some  hickory  leaves  ami  wrapped 
them  around  my  one  baud,  which  held  the 
pail,  and  not  a  mosquito  hit  me  on  that 
hand  at  all.  Try  it  yourself  and  give  the 
result  to  The  R.  N.-Y.  family.  The  mos¬ 
quitoes  don’t  like  the  smell  of  hickory 
leaves.  Ji.  K. 
Stirling.  N.  J. 
LAMBERTVILLE  RUBBER  COMPANY,  Lambertville,  N.  J 
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quick  reply  and  a  “ square  deal."  See  guarantee  editorial  page. 
