1492 
December  2,  1916. 
TShe  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
through  the  roots.  You  might  as  well 
say  that  milk  may  be  injected  into  the 
arm  or  leg  of  a  child  instead  of  giving 
it  to  him  to  drink.  In  100  pounds  of 
milk  there  are  about  eight  ounces  of  ni¬ 
trogen,  five  of  phosphoric  acid  and  three 
of  potash.  This  would  be  like  dissolving 
over  three  pounds  of  nitrate  of  soda,  two 
pounds  of  acid  phosphate  and  half  a 
pound  of  muriate  of  potash  in  50  quarts 
of  water.  Of  course  it  would  make 
pumpkins  grow,  but  what  has  that  to  do 
with  cutting  the  stem  of  a  pumpkin  and 
putting  it  in  a  pan  of  milk? 
Propagation  of  the  Grape  by  Cuttings 
Will  you  give  the  full  method  of  prop¬ 
agating  grapevines?  I  have  seen  the  an¬ 
swer  to  J.  W.  S.,  on  page  1.330,  but  would 
like  better  information  as  to  the  size  and 
care  to  he  taken  of  the  cuttings,  also  at 
what  time  to  cut  them.  N.  u.  h. 
New  York. 
Grape  cuttings  are  taken  from  the 
cancs  of  the  season  immediately  preced¬ 
ing,  in  other  words,  wood  not  over  one 
year  old.  So  far  as  is  possible  the  canes 
should  be  of  a  uniform  diameter,  as  this 
facilitates  the  tying  into  bundles.  This 
does  not  imply  that  they  should  be  the 
largest,  for,  on  the  contrary,  the  mcdiiim- 
m  , ,  .  ,  ,  ,  D  t  •  sized  canes  are  usually  best.  Size  in  a 
Blackberries, Loganberries  and  Raspberries  „  .  ,  ,  ,  , 
*  grape  cane  is  quite  closely  related  to  ma- 
1.  Will  you  help  me  with  your  advice  turity  of  bud  and  wood.  However,  in  some 
about  blackberries?  Since  I  have  been  , 
on  this  place  (four  years)  they  have  seasons . this  is  not  a  true  index.  In  no 
bloomed  yearly,  but  do  not  bear.  Last  case  is  it  advisable  to  take  wood  for  cut- 
year  I  cut  them  all  down.  They  look  tings  until  after  several  severe  freezes,  as 
bearing.  I  do  not  know  the  variety.  2.  “Jny  Cana8  huvc  thc  appearance  of  ma- 
Out  of  six  Loganberry  plants  sent  me  turity  that  are  not  so  in  reality,  as  is 
from  the  West  one  only  lived  and  is  bear-  shown  after  low  temperatures.  The  large 
ing  fruit  this  year.  How  can  I  get  more  propagators  of  grapes  from  hardwood 
canes  from  this  one  plant?  3- My  rasp-  ,  . ..  ,  .  ,  ,  , 
berry  canes  bear  well,  but  do  not  spread.  "‘tinge  begin  to  take  their  wood  about 
How  can  I  get  new  plants?  Is  it  en.s-  the  middle  of  December  in  this  latitude, 
tomary  to  lied  in  the  tips  of  raspberries  and  continue  so  to  do  till  late  in  the  Wiu- 
that  do  not  spread  from  the  roots?  ,  n,i,_ 
Natick,  Mass.  e.  e.  r.  tQU  lhey  ut,hz0  a11  b,lt  thp  extreme  tips 
of  the  canes,  which  are  cut  into  lengths  of 
1.  1  cannot  account  for  the  blackber-  about  nine  inches,  regardless  of  the  num- 
ries  not  setting  fruit  if  the  weather  con-  ber  of  buds  included  in  this  length.  If 
ditions  were  favorable  at  the  blooming  but  a  small  number  of  cuttings  are  to  be 
period.  The  blossom  of  the  blaekb  ivy  made  and  the  wood  be  plentiful  it  would 
is  bi-sexual  and  if  the  weather  is  dry  probably  be  worth  while  to  make  only  a 
enough  to  mature  the  pollan,  there  few  cuttings  from  the  middle  of  each  cane, 
should  be  a  setting  of  fruit.  Excessively  as  the  buds  in  this  location  are  the  best 
foggy  or  cloudy  weather  accompanied  matured  and  usually  produce  the  best 
with  rain  will  very  often  prevent  the  ri-  fruit.  The  nurseryman,  however,  cannot 
pening  of  the  pollen,  and  thus  prevent  do  this,  as  his  requirements  are  too  great 
the  pollonizatinn  of  the  bloom,  in  which  in  point  of  numbers. 
case  there  will  be  at  least  a  partial  fail-  After  cutting,  the  wood  is  tied  into 
ure  of  the  crop,  but  I  do  not  recall  of  bundles  of  100,  the  bottom  ends  in  the 
having  seen  a  total  failure  from  this  Silme  p]ane.  For  tbe  tying  small  willows 
cause.  I  just  now  recall  noticing  a  num-  are  tbe  very  best  As  fast  as  the  cnttings 
ber  of  apparently  sterile  plants  in  a  are  made, ‘that  is  at  the  close  of  each  day, 
large  field  of  Rathbun  blackberries.  they  are  heeled  in  a  trench  prepared  for 
Upon  inquiry  of  one  of  the  best  horti-  tbe  purpose>  Tbis  is  „80ftuy  on  a  gentlc 
cultural  authorities  in  the  country  as  to  80utherll  8,opPj  thus  al]owing  good  drain. 
the  cause  he  informed  me  that  certain  age>  and  at  the  8ame  time  it  rece5ves  tho 
varieties  will  sometimes  become  sterile  faU  warmtb  of  tbe  S1I„«S  rays  in  early 
from  excessive  root  propagation  If  this  Sprinft  that  tbe  heeling  in  may  be  done 
1R.  T«  IT  Ty  llnfort1U”aftelyf  h,aye  throughout  tbe  period  of  cutting  making, 
plants  that  have  been  forced  into  sterility  and  the  earth  abol)t  tbe  trcueh  kept  fro~ 
rom  *  11S  cause’  freezing  solid  by  a  covering  of  straw.  The 
2.  The  Loganberry  is  mostly  propa-  cuttings  are  packed  in  tightly  with  all  the 
gated  from  short  root  cuttings  which  are  butt  ends  up.  _  In  order  to  accommodate 
usually  made  in  late  Fall,  or  during  an  nine-inch  cuttings  the  trench  is  dug  to  a 
open  period  of  Winter,  packed  in  boxes  depth  of  about  15  inches,  hence  the  upper 
of  damp  sand  and  placed  in  a  cool  cellar  ends  are  covered  with  about  four  to  six 
until  Spring,  when  they  are  scattered  iuches  of  soil,  Some  nurserymen,  in  ad- 
thinly  in  shallow  furrows  and  covered  dition,  place  a  covering  of  straw  above  the 
about  two  inches  with  soil.  These  root  soil  cover.  As  the  sun  begins  to  warm  the 
cuttings  will  soon  throw  up  tops,  and  soil  in  early  Spring  the  straw  cover  is  re- 
if  given  good  clean  cultivation  they  will  moved,  and  a  little  later  some  of  the  soil 
make  good  plants  by  Sail,  when  they  may  cover  is  taken  off,  so  that  the  heat  may 
be  planted  in  the  field  for  bearing.  This  penetrate  to  tbe  butts  of  the  cuttings,  and 
berry  may  also  be  propagated  from  tips  still  later  the  remaining  soil  cover  is  fre- 
of  the  present  year’s  canes,  and  may  be  quently  raked  over  to  further  induce  the 
done  any  time  after  August  1  up  to  Sep-  absorption  of  heat,  that  the  ends  of  the 
tember  15,  but  when  this  method  is  era-  cuttings  may  callous  over  before  the  time 
ployed  do  not  lay  tbe  tips  in  horizontally  of  planting  out  in  the  nursery  rows. 
as  is  done  with  the  blackcap  raspberry,  The  principal  factors  that  make  for 
bi^t  make  a  perpendicular  cut  in  the  success  in  propagating  from  grape  cut- 
ground  with  a  spade  four  or  five  inches  tings  are  first,  the  selection  of  well- 
deep,  into  which  place  the  tip  of  the  cane  ripened  canes ;  second,  the  cutting  and 
(being  careful  not  to  break  it),  then  heeling  in  before  tbe  wood  has  dried; 
press  the  dirt  to  it  firmly  by  making  an-  third,  the  selection  of  a  plot  for  heeling  in 
other  cut  with  the  spade  about  four  inch-  tbat  is  retentive  of  moisture,  but  not  so 
es  back  of  the  first  and  press  the  back  wpt  b„t  that  it  will  dry  rapidly  in  tbe 
of  the  spade  forward  so  as  to  close  the  Spring>  and  thus  absorb  the  sun’s  heat, 
first  cut  and  hold  the  tip  securely  in  In  tbe  ce]lar  Btprage  of  cnttings  the  prin- 
pbace'  cipal  difficulty  is  the  regulation  of  the 
3.  Red  raspberries  increase  rapidly  in°istm’e  supply.  A  trial  of  both  outside 
from  the  horizontal  roots,  and  will  soon  auc^  cellar  has  convinced  us  that  the  for- 
fill  all  the  intervening  snace  between  the  mer  *s  preferable.  P.  e.  gladwin. 
trained  to  single  stems  on  stakes.  The 
Stone  is  used  almost  exclusively  here  by 
those  who  grow  for  the  canning  bouses, 
but.  it.  has  the  defect  of  not  ripening  well 
to  the  stem,  while  Success  and  Matchless 
both  ripen  better.  I  have  grown  tbis  sea¬ 
son  a  variety  called  Mississippi  Girl, 
which  is  a  large,  solid  and  smooth 
tomato  as  large,  as  Stone  and  ripens  red 
to  the  stem.  Earliana  is  a  little  earlier 
than  Bonny  Best,  but  of  inferior  quality. 
It  has  the  advantage  for  a.  market  man  in 
throwing  its  whole  crop  early  and  quit¬ 
ting.  For  a  family  garden  1  prefer  a 
tomato  of  better  quality  and  more  con¬ 
tinuous  bearing.  For  a  good  early  tomato 
we  have  none  better  or  equal  to  the 
Bonny  Best.  It  may  have  originated 
with  Chalk’s  Jewell,  but  it  is  certainly 
much  earlier.  W.  F.  massey. 
When  you  write  advertisers  mention 
The  Rural  New-Yorker  and  you’ll  get 
a  quick  reply  and  a  “square  deal.”  See 
guarantee  editorial  page.  :  ;  : 
Start  rich l  by  buying 
Kberle’s  seeds,  bulbs  or 
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Our  large  and  varied  stock  ecu- 
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Get  your  free  copy—today, 
FREDERICK  W.  EBERLE 
i'16  S.  Pearl  St.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
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Iowa  Workmen  and  an  Eastern  Farms 
On  page  1174  I  see  a  letter  from  an 
Iowa  workman,  who  has  .$1000  or  $1200 
and  thinks  of  coming  to  New  York  to  buy 
a  cheap  farm.  The  answer  seems  need¬ 
lessly  discouraging.  The  wealth  of  the 
great  West  was  produced  by  men  with 
small  capital  going  boldly  in  search  of 
cheap  homes.  They  suffered  infinitely 
greater  hardships  and  deprivations  than 
anyone  need  have  in  buying  a  cheap  New 
York  farm.  If  their  grandchildren  are 
so  softened  by  luxury  that  they  cannot 
work  steadily  or  live  economically  they 
will  not  prosper  greatly  anywhere,  but 
if  a  young  man  has  good  health,  is  sober, 
industrious  and  prudent,  and  can  learn  a 
few  new  methods,  there  are  good  chances 
to  make  a  nice  competence  in  buying  a 
cheap  New  York  farm.  Of  course  one 
must  use  some  judgment  in  selection. 
All  farms  have  faults,  and  a  price  be¬ 
yond  our  means  is  a  sad  fault.  I  know 
no  faultless  farms  or  faultless  girls,  but 
many  girls  make  excellent  wives,  and 
many  cheap  farms  make  excellent  homes, 
where  families  are  reared  in  abundance 
and  happiness.  Population  now  increases 
faster  than  the  food  supply  does  and  the 
price  of  farms  in  the  strictly  rural  dis¬ 
tricts  is  slowly  increasing  and  the  young 
man  who  buys  a  farm  now  buys  on  a 
rising  market.  If  this  young  man  has 
earned  and  saved  $1000  in  a  few  years, 
and  forms  as  sensible  plans  as  the  one  he 
has  suggested,  he  is  the  right  sort,  and 
will  do  well  in  carrying  it  out.  m.  z.  y. 
Cattaraugus,  N.  Y. 
S  W  E  EX  Builds  Worn  Out  Soil.  Has 
_ —  _  ,  —  A  hlBhcr  protein  content  than  alfalfa. 
I  \i  CT  K3  Wnl«*  for  prices*  urn!  Information. 
V  C  E.  Barton,  Box  29.  Fulmoulli.  Ky. 
LARGE  RHUBARB  and  ASPARAGUS  ROOTS 
For  foreiiig  in  the  cellar  tlnriiiR  win  tor.  These  veire 
tableB  are  easily  crown  mul  may  be  had  fresh  mid 
engp  all  winter.  Tllreetions  for  owing  and  prices 
sent! i eo.  flurry  L. Squires, Uood  Ground,  N.Y. 
Solves  Fruit  Growing  Problems  fruit-grower 
fully  explains  orchard  planting,  sprayinp.  tillace, 
packmK  and  marketing.  Send  10c  for  three 
triaj  subscription.  Address  AMERICAN 
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kets,  etc.  Catalog  free.  Address 
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Soul  far  detailed  information 
CONNECTICUT  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  Storrs,  Connedic, 
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to  ‘The  RURAL  NEW-YORKER 
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Knife 
Bemove  all  fatty  matter.  Soak  the  skin 
an  hour  in  warm  water.  Coat  the  inside 
with  the  following  mixture;  Borax,  salt¬ 
petre  and  glauber  salts,  each  one  ounce ; 
water  to  make  a  thin  paste.  Double  tbe 
skin,  coated  side  inwatds,  and  put  in  a 
cool  place  24  hours.  Then  supply  a  coat¬ 
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half  ounce;  bard  white  soap,  two  ounces; 
melt  together  slowly  without  allowing 
mixture  to  boil.  After  coating  the  skin  fold 
as  before  and  put  in  a  warm  place  24 
hours.  Then  take  four  ounces  alum,  eight 
of  salt  and  two  of  saleratus ;  dissolve  in 
hot  water  of  sufficient  quantity  to  satu¬ 
rate  the  skin.  When  cool  enough  not  to 
scald,  soak  the  skin  12  hours.  Repeat 
soaking  and  drying  two  or  three  times. 
Smooth  the  inside  with  sandpaper  and 
pumice  stone. 
I  *  lions  they  are  jwt  as  rewards  only  tin  j 
I  place  of  csslij  In  onr  subscribers  and  friends  j 
b  mm  who,  acting  as  agents,  send  us  subscriptions  j 
|  THE  RURAL  NEW-YORKER  S  | 
riimiiiiiiuifiiHiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiHiiimiiiiHiiiiiMMiniiiiimniiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiititHiimHHiHHHitiiiiimii! 
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Engine  only 
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out-  num,  ami  one  mart  only,  In  each  locality  no  will  sell 
one  engine  find  one  unirtnr  only  at  ilV7.rki,  After  tin'  ilmteri  \  / 
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nlmpl*  ABCS  the*  rnofit  i1ur,»Mo  ftfiu  tlie  tm».t  foJmLm  imRinn  t bey  vvnr  m:iw  or  tiMiitl 
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money1"  R.  CONSOLIDATED  GAS-&  GASOLINE 
Matchless  Tomato 
Is  the  Matchless  bettor  than  any  other 
tomato,  or  is  some  other  as  good  or  bet¬ 
ter?  Is  Bonnie  Best  and  Chalk’s  Early 
Jewel  the  same,  or  if  not,  what  is  the  dif¬ 
ference  between  them?  j.  M. 
Cokeville,  Pa. 
The  Matchless  is  a  good  tomato,  but  I 
would  hardly  say  better  than  any  other, 
for  with  the  long  list  now  catalogued 
there  is  no  tomato  better  than  any  other, 
but  there  are  many  varieties  of  nearly 
equal  value.  For  the  main  late  crop  I 
prefer  the  Success.  Bonny  Best  is  evi¬ 
dently  a  selection  from  Chalk’s  Jewell, 
but  is  decidedly  earlier  than  the  Jewell. 
I  consider  Bonny  Best  one  of  the  very 
best.  I  set  the  plants  out  last  April, 
gathered  the  first  tomato  June  12th,  and 
they  continued  bearing  till  September, 
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