©fce  RURAL.  NEW-YORKER 
1541 
Farm  Mechanics 
Remy  distribu¬ 
tor,  high  tension, 
coil,  control  on 
steering  wheel.  I 
Honeycomb 
type  radiator — 
greater  cooling 
isurface. 
Special  float 
feed  automatic 
hot  air  heated 
carburetor- 
High  speed  “L" 
type  motor, bore 
3t,  stroke  4L 
Worm  and  full 
gear  steering 
gear.  17-inch 
steering  wheel. 
Special  Hyatt 
bearings  in 
transmission. 
\T  /s<S/r*  ff 
nCTHOD  */  L  LYCL/NC- 
OBT/UN  FALL  ,»  P/PE  UBE. 
2~*2' 
i!i!!!!!il!!u!:!!:!!ui!!!!!i!!S!!!!!!!i 
Spiral  bevels 
rear  axle  with 
Timken  roller 
bearings. 
Service  brakes, 
externals  by  2; 
emergency  111 
by  H. 
Leveling  to  Obtain  Fall  of  Pipe  Line.  Fig.  600 
end  of  the  pipe  line  will  give  the  head,  elevation  of  the  source  was  found  to  he 
as  the  water  will  stand  at  the  same  level  113  or  13  feet  higher  than  the  outlet, 
in  both  ends  of  the  pipe  when  it  is  not  al-  giving  13  feet  fall  or  head  in  this  case, 
lowed  to  flow.  Any  number  of  sights  may  be  taken 
Iu  the  case  mentioned  this  could  not  depending  upon  the  length  of  the  line 
be  done,  for  unless  an  error  has  been  leveled.  A  pair  of  level  sights  which 
made  in  measuring  the  quantity  of  water  may  be  obtained  from  any  hardware 
discharged  a  high  head  is  indicated.  To  store  for  75  cents  are  a  great  help  and 
Secure  a  flow  of  10 %  gallons  per  min-  will  afterward  be  found  very  useful  in 
ute  from  a  three-quarter  inch  pipe  it.  is  laying  out  drains,  foundations,  etc.  A 
necessary  to  have  a  velocity  of  about  379  sliding  target  of  some  kind  arranged  on 
feet,  per  minute  and  considerable  pressure  the  rod  will  also  be  an  aid  to  the  work 
would  be  required  to  give  this  velocity  although  not  absolutely  necessary  as  the 
in  so  long  and  small  a  pipe.  If  a  gauge  helper  can  hold  a  pencil  or  small  stick 
can  be  secured  and  attached  to  the  lower  across  the  rod  to  indicate  the  point  where 
cud  the  head  can  be  found  by  dividing  the  line  of  sight  cuts  it.  Work  care- 
the  gauge  pressure  by  .434  as  every  foot  fully,  move  the  rod  and  level  alternately 
in  depth  causes  a  pressure  of  .434  pounds 
per  square  inch. 
Nearly  every  farm  has  a  carpenter’s 
level  and  this  can  he  used  for  determin¬ 
ing  the  fall  quite  accurately  in  cases 
where  either  of  the  other  methods  cannot 
be  used.  To  use  it,  make  a  support  con¬ 
sisting  of  a  cross  arm  fastened  to  the  top 
of  a  sharpened  stake  as  at  (A).  Only 
one  bolt  is  used  so  that  the  level  can  be 
brought  to  a  horizontal  position  after 
setting  the  stake.  Beginning  at  the  low¬ 
er  end  of  the  line  (1)  assume  that  the 
point  of  discharge  has  an  elevation  of 
100  feqt.  If  the  level  is  now  set  up  as  at 
(A),  brought  lo  a  horizontal  position  and 
it  is  found  that  when  sighting  over  the 
level,  the  line  of  sight  cuts  the  rod  hold 
on  the  discharge  end  of  the  pipe  (1) 
five  feet  above  the  opening  it  5,s  evident 
that  the  line  of  sight  must  have  an  eleva¬ 
tion  of  105  feet.  The  rod  is  now  moved 
to  a  point  (2)  between  the  level  and  the 
source  of  water  supply,  and  sighting  in 
the  opposite  direction  over  the  level  it  is 
found  that  the  line  of  sight  outs  the  rod 
at  a  point  one  foot  above  the  ground. 
This  shows  that  the  ground  surface  at 
this  point  (2)  must  be  a  foot  lower  than 
the  line  of  sight,  or  104  feet  in  eleva¬ 
tion.  A  short  stake  driven  into  the 
ground  flush  with  the  surface  on  which 
the  rod  may  be  placed  will  make  the 
work  more  accurate. 
The  rod  is  now  left  at  this  point  (2) 
but  the  level  is  moved  ahead  to  (B)  and 
after  adjustment  is  sighted  back  to  it. 
If  the  distance  from  the  point  where 
the  line  of  sight  cuts  the  rod  to  the 
ground  surface  at  (2)  is  found  to  be  six 
feet,  it  shows  the  li,ne  of  sight  to  be  six 
feet  above  the  ground  at  this  point  or  to 
have  an  elevation  of  110  feet.  The  rod 
is  now  moved  ahead  to  (3)  and  it  is  found 
that  the  line  of  sight  cuts  it  at  a  point  one 
A  Sound  Car 
These  three  words  ably  tell  the 
story  of  the  Chalmers.  It  is  sound 
because  it  is  simple  in  design. 
There  isn’t  a  freakish  or  unusual 
feature.  From  tire  to  top  it  is  a 
sane,  simple,  sound  automobile. 
Its  greatest  appeal  is  in  its  per¬ 
formance.  Well  powered,  light  in 
weight,  very  active  on  a  hill,  es¬ 
pecially  good  on  the  long  pull, 
and  able  in  rough  going.  Soundly 
made,  soundly  financed,  soundly 
merchandized. 
Specifications  of  the  6-30  Chalmers 
Wheelbase — 115  inches  Bearings  — Timken  and  Hyatt 
H.  P. — 45  (on  the  brake)  Carburetor — Stromberg 
Clutch — Dry  disc  type  Frame — 7-inch  depth 
Tires  —  32  x  4  ( non  skid  in  rear)  Ignition  —  Remy  distributor  (Wil- 
Axles — Timken  lard  80  ampere  hour  battery) 
Five-passenger  touring  $1090 
Seven-passenger  touring  1350 
Two-passenger  roadster  1070 
Three-passenger  cabriolet  1440 
Six-passenger  sedan  1850 
Seven-passenger  limousine  2550 
Seven-passenger  town  car  2550 
(All  prices  f.o.b.  Detroit) 
Cesspool  Near  Well 
My  cesspool  is  55  feet  from  my  well. 
My  people  want,  me  to  cement  it  up.  I 
contend  that  under  the  conditions  plank¬ 
ing  it  would  answer  the  purpose.  It  has 
been  used  for  the  last  five  years.  This 
year  it  filled  up,  owing  to  the  excessive 
rain  and  snow  we  had  last  Winter.  My 
proposition  is  to  plank  it  up,  and  in  the 
top  cover  to  run  a  spout  clown  to  within 
six  inches  of  the  bottom,  theu  if  it  gees 
filled  up  to  pump  it  out.  and  put  the  Con¬ 
tents  on  the  garden  or  the  grass. 
Sterling,  Conn.  1£.  s.  S. 
A  cesspool  within  55  feet  of  a  well  is  a 
source  of  danger,  no  matter  what  the  lay 
of  the  land.  The  only  way  in  which 
yours  can  be  made  safe  is  to  construct 
watertight  concrete  walls,  thus  convert¬ 
ing  it  into  a  cistern,  and  removing  the 
contents  at  intervals.  I  would  suggest, 
as  a  better  method,  that  you  dig  a  new 
cesspool  as  far  as  practicable  from  the 
well  and  discontinue  the  use  of  this  one. 
Such  a  cesspool  in  gravel  soil  should  be 
at  least  100  feet,  and  far  better  L’OO  feet, 
from  the  well.  While  no  one  can  say 
that  a  well  will  ever  be  contaminated  by 
a  neighboring  cesspool,  there  is  always 
the  possibility  of  it,  and  common  pru¬ 
dence  dictates  that  the  danger  be  made 
as  remote  as  possible.  Fine  gravel  arul 
sand  make  a  good  filtering  medium  to 
protect  wells  from  contamination,  but 
there  is  always  the  possibility  of  un¬ 
known  underground  channels  that  may 
carry  liquids  for  long  distances  and  any 
filtering  medium  becomes  saturated  in 
time  and  incapable  of  further  purifying 
the  water  that  passes  through  it 
M.  B.  n. 
