115 
Paraguay , Bolivia , and Southern Brazil. 
The April young bird is moulting and the new feathers on 
the under parts are black, broadly edged and tipped with 
ashy, which points to an intermediate immature stage before 
the adult dress is reached. 
The young appear to differ from the adult as follows 
Young male . “ Similar to adult female, except perhaps 
cheeks and throat somewhat paler.” 
Young female . “ Above, including back, brown ; beneath 
paler ashy than adult,” 
This species is a winter visitor to the Ajo district, making 
its appearance about the 8th of January and leaving again 
in July, Miss Runnacles 5 last record being the 26th of that 
month. It usually frequents open ground where little or no 
vegetation exists, especially well-worn roads and tracks. 
In the middle of the winter, when the majority have arrived, 
as many as thirty or forty may be seen together, continually 
darting backwards and forwards catching their insect food. 
When alarmed they will fly for quite considerable dis¬ 
tances before alighting, the flight being swift and fairly 
straight, but always close to the ground. 
The young are indistinguishable in life from the adult 
females, and neither are easily seen on the ground they 
frequent; but the black and chestnut adult males make 
conspicuous objects, 
81. Todirostrum cinereum. 
Todirostrum cinereum Scl. Cat. B. xiv. p. 69. 
a. $ ad. Rabicho, Brazil. Oct. 8, 1909. 
b , J ad. Cabo Emma, Paraguay. Oct. 20, 1909. 
Irides pale yellow ; bill very dark slate-coloured; legs 
and toes blue-slate-coloured. 
82. Euscarthmus margaritaceiventris. 
Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer Scl. Cat. B. xiv. p. 80 ; 
Arg. Orn. i. p. 136. 
a. $ ad. Puerto Pinasco, Paraguay. Sept. 7, 1909. 
b, c. <$ $ ad. Pan de Azucar, Brazil. Sept. 17, 1909. 
d. $ ad. Cabo Emma, Paraguay. Oct. 20, 1909. 
i 2 
