Recently published Ornithological Works. 175 
as well as the external organs of Birds, and may be con¬ 
sidered the originator of all modern systems of taxonomy. 
His f History of British Birds* was based on this principle, 
while his investigations were carried on during the whole 
of his earlier life at Edinburgh, where he was successively 
Assistant Keeper of the Natural History Museum and Con¬ 
servator of the Museum of the College of Surgeons, as well 
as at Aberdeen after his election to the post of Professor of 
Natural History at Marischal College. MacGillivray was 
a botanist and geologist, as well as a zoologist—a com¬ 
bination not so rare in those days as now—and wrote 
Manuals on all three subjects ; he is also well-known to 
have collaborated with Audubon in his f Ornithological 
Biographies/ and to have supplied most of the technical 
matter. Ornithology, however, was his favourite subject 
in manhood, and it was through this that his great friend¬ 
ship with Audubon was formed. MacGillivray's personality 
was remarkable, as will be seen from the details of his 
life; his early struggles, his laborious journeys for scientific 
purposes in Scotland, and still more his arduous walk from 
Aberdeen to London with only <£10 in his pocket, shew 
a determination and energy beyond his years, while he 
seems to have been of a lovable nature and to have been 
highly esteemed by those associated with him. 
Prof. Thomson writes an appreciative notice of his 
life in the penultimate chapter, while the last is devoted 
to extracts from the various works that he published. 
18. Madarasz on new East-African Birds. 
[Neue Vogel aus Ostafrika. Von Dr. Julius v. Madarasz. Archivum 
Zoologicum, vol. i. no. 11, p. 175 (1910).] 
In this new zoological journal Dr. J. v. Madarasz 
gives an account of some birds obtained by Herr Koloman 
Kittenberger in German East Africa, in the district 
of Ngare-Dowash, on the southern side of Lake Victoria. 
The new species described are named Phyllastrephus dow - 
ashanus , Crateropus reichenowi , Sylviella distinguenda , 
Anthoscopus kolomanni , and Apus kittenbergi. The pretty 
