716 
Mr. W. L. Sclater on Birds collected 
individuals, but I have never observed it in such large flocks 
as that species. It is also one of the fruit-growers* worst 
enemies, damaging far more than it eats. The cry is some¬ 
what different from that of C. striatus } being more of a 
double note. 
The soft parts are :—Irides dark brown; bill pale slate- 
coloured, dark at tip of upper mandible, yellow at tip of 
lower; legs and toes coral-red.] 
426. Bucorax caper. 
Z. Sibudeni, Oct. (3) ; Tv. Klein Letaba, July (head of 
B only); P. Beira, Dec. (head of $ only), and wing not 
ticketed. 
Of three males killed on the same day, Oct. 28th, at 
Sibudeni, two appear to be somewhat younger than the 
third. The culinen of the youngest of these, measured in 
a straight line with dividers, is only 18 in. against 22 in 
the older specimen. In the young bird the greater part of 
the base of the lower mandible is white, not black (in the 
dried skin). The plumage of the younger bird, too, is much 
browner than in the adult, while some of the darker adult 
feathers are already appearing on the back. 
\_“ Brom-vogel ** of the Colonists ; “ Insingisi ” of the 
Zulus; “Marandane ** of the Machangaans. 
This great Hornbill was commonly noticed in small parties 
of from three to six individuals in Zululand, the Transvaal, 
and the Beira and Gorongoza districts of Portuguese East 
Africa. It is usually seen on the ground hunting for food, 
which consists of almost any thing from insects to reptiles and 
young birds. In many parts protection had been given to 
this bird, but when it was discovered that it destroyed 
quantities of young game-birds, this was removed. It roosts 
at night in tall trees in the woods and forests, where also 
I have been shown the nest, composed of sticks placed in the 
topmost forks or strong branches, but I have never seen 
one occupied. The flight is slow but powerful, the white 
primaries being then very conspicuous, and the call is a 
penetrating low “ boom ** of about five syllables, the last 
three being lowest in tone; it is somewhat ventriloquial and 
