23 7 
on Dr. JerdoiFs ‘Birds of India.’ 
identifies F. peregrinoides of Hodgson with F. peregrinus ! 
Mr. Hodgson was of course familiar with the common Bhyri of 
Indian falconry, and would therefore at once discriminate F. 
babylonicus as a separate species. There is a fine specimen of an 
adult female (as adjudged) of this rare Falcon in the Worcester 
Museum, alleged to be from Java, which must needs be a mistake. 
Its general colouring is very pallid; but I would refer the 
species to the Peregrine subgroup, rather than to that of the 
Sakir and Lanner. The specimen in the Worcester Museum is 
like an adult female Peregrine, only much paler, with all the 
markings considerably less developed; nape light cinnamon- 
rufous marked with dusky; the moustachial streak small; the 
feathers of the upper parts cross-banded as in adult Peregrines. 
A recent communication from Dr. Jerdon proves that Falco baby¬ 
lonicus is not uncommon in Kashmir (vide anted, p. 221). 
13 and 14. Hypotriorchis subbuteo and H. severus. 
The crepuscular habit of the birds of this division has now 
been noticed in H. eleonorce (Ibis, 1865, p. 333)*. H. severus f 
bears just that relationship to H. subbuteo which Hirwido cahirica 
bears to H. rustica , and //. hyperythra (of Ceylon) to H. erythro - 
pygia (Sykes, which is distinct from H. daurica) . In all of these 
cases the deeper-coloured bird is less migratory, or even per¬ 
manently resident. The Rufous-bellied Hobby has not been 
observed northward of the Himalaya, nor Hirundo hyperythra 
out of Ceylon; and while neither H. rustica nor H. rufula winters 
in Palestine, Mr. Tristram remarks of H. cahirica that “ a few 
remain on the sea-coast and in the Ghor all winter” (P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 443). Indeed, it would appear that he observed them 
in considerable numbers during the winter months (‘Land of 
Israel/ pp. 105, 118). It may be added that Falco peregrinator 
stands in the same relationship to F. peregrinus , and is likewise 
a more subtropical species, with a comparatively limited range of 
distribution. Compare also the African Tmnunculus rupicolus 
* For the distinctions between H. concolor (verus ) and Lithofalco arde- 
siacus, see MM. J. Verreaux and O. des Murs in Rev. Zool. 1862, p. 177- 
t [Mr. Gurney considers the nearest ally of II. severus to he II. cuvieri 
(A. Smith) from Western and Southern Africa, with which he regards 
Falco bosschii, Sclilegel (N. T. D. vol. i. p. 123, pi. 5), as identical.—E d.] 
