Rev. H. B. Tristram on the Ornithology of Palestine. 291 
summer. A few remain to breed in Galilee, where, in the hills, 
we took the nest. 
M. lugubris, Temm., was obtained by the late Mr. Herschell 
in winter; but we did not meet with it on this expedition, though 
very diligent in our search. It certainly, however, must be 
included among the birds of Palestine, as I carefully compared 
my Egyptian specimens with Mr. HerschelPs (Ibis, 1862, p. 279) 
and found them identical. There has been hopeless confusion in 
this group, owing to want of comparison of specimens, and to 
the interchange of the names M. lugens and M. lugubris by Tem- 
minck and Schlegel. M. lugubris seu lugens, T. & S. (Faun. 
Japon.), is identical with M. japonica , Swinh. (Ibis, 1863, 
p. 309, note), and may at once be recognized by the primaries 
and a great part of the secondaries being pure white almost to 
the end. In this respect it differs from all other species. M. 
lugubris, Temm., of the occurrence of which in eastern Asia we 
have no evidence, has the primaries white for only one-third of 
their length from their bases, and the secondaries edged with 
white. It appears rare in collections, and I have only my own 
two specimens at present to refer to; but in no way can it possibly 
be mistaken for a variety of M. alba. I am, however, surprised to 
find it identical in the minutest particulars with one of Dr. Kirk’s 
specimens in my possession, from Zambesia (Ibis, 1861, p. 318) 
and labelled “ M. vidua, Sund.^ I think here we have the diffi¬ 
culty explained. The true M. lugubris( = M. vidua) is an African 
form, only occasionally penetrating to the north, probably by 
the shores of the Red Sea, and so from time to time found on 
the Mediterranean. Mr. Swinhoe^s notes (ut supr. cit .) are 
careful and accurate, but I cannot agree with him in throwing 
any doubt on the decided specific distinctness of all these birds. 
Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst., can only claim a place in the 
Palestine list from its occurrence in the mountain-torrents in the 
recesses of the Lebanon. In the Nahr el Kelb, Nahr Ibrahim 
(Adonis), and Ain Fijeh it is not uncommon. The plumage 
slightly varies from that of British specimens. The white 
extends lower down the breast, the abdomen is not of so deep a 
chestnut, and the vent-coverts are tipped with whitish. The 
back of the head and the shoulders have a more rufous tint than 
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