353 
on Dr. Jerdon’s ‘Birds of India. 3 
exclusion of Woodpeckers.” Now not only are Woodpeckers ex¬ 
cluded from Australia, but all of the no n-Psittacine zygodactyle 
birds, excepting parasitic Cuculime, and one or more allied species 
of Centropus —in fact, all of those which have a doubly emarginated 
sternum, no cseca, and agree in laying pure white eggs in holes 
of trees : such are the Megalcemida (Capitonidee) of the Indian 
region, Africa, and South America, the nearly allied Rhamphastidee 
of South America, and the Musophayidce of Africa-—those birds 
which, among the zygodactyle Insessores , might be thought to 
approximate to the Parrots more nearly than any others. Indeed 
the exclusion of that group extends to the whole Australian 
region, with the exception of three Woodpeckers in Celebes and 
one in Lombok, its extreme western boundary, so that the 
argument tells rather in the opposite direction. I fail to per¬ 
ceive any special approximation on the part of the Parrots to 
any true Insessorial bird whatever, and consider that, as an 
order of birds, they stand quite as distinctly apart as the birds 
of prey. 
147. Pal^eornis alexandri is found also in the Andaman 
Islands. 
149. PaL/EORNIS ROSA. 
Occurs also near Canton (Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 159). 
Mr. Louis Eraser possesses a specimen with a green tail; habitat 
unknown. Is not this the Chinese race ? 
150 and 151. Pal^eornis schisticeps and P. columboides; 
Gould, B. As. pt. x. pis. 
152. Pal^ornis javanicus. 
Professor Schlegel adopts the separation of the Javan race 
from that of North-eastern India and Burma, identifying 
with the former P. derbianus , Eraser (P. Z. S. 1850, p. 245, 
pi. xxv .; Gould, B. As. pt. x.),—an opinion from which I must 
dissent, having examined the type-specimen in the Derby 
Museum of Liverpool. Neither can I agree in the separation 
of the common Burmese bird from that of Java and Borneo. 
Prom an early age (before leaving the nest) the sexes differ in 
the male having the upper mandible coral-red, while that of the 
female is black (besides being smaller, as also in P. alexandri); 
