RURAL LIFf 
;t,^CElS70R‘ 
! WHOLE NO. 52. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. -FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4, I860, 
give us an Architecture worthy of our country.— 
Granted that the architectural models that have 
come down to us from distant centuries have a 
high order of merit, does it follow that they 
are precisely adapted to our modern civilization? 
Docs not our altered relations, call for new ex¬ 
pressions as well in our abodes as elsewhere? 
Our ago is utilitarian and ought to be. Econo¬ 
my, convenience, and comfort should no whore 
bo lost sight of. The stern grandeur of feudal 
times, aud the elaborate elegance of the classic 
ages wo have little to do with. Simple, cheerful 
and chaste our dwellings should be — we should 
aim at elegance without ostentation, beauty with¬ 
out redundance. Our architects have a great 
work before them; may they prove themselves 
equal to it 
These remarks are aimed mainly at the almost 
total neglect of architectural proportions and de¬ 
signs on the part of our Rural Population in the 
erection of their buildings. Would it not be well 
for persons not architects by profession to take 
counsel of those who are, select some building for 
a model which is worthy of being copied and fol¬ 
low It implicitly, or, if you alter, let the altera¬ 
tions be made by an architect Of course differ¬ 
ent sites require different styles of building, and 
this is an additional reason for making Archi¬ 
tecture a study. h. t. e. 
farms. Perhaps, if the seasons are favorable and 
work comes along gradually, little difficulty is 
experienced, but when, on account of the pecu¬ 
liarities of the wenthor, work presses, something 
must be neglected, and the loss from this neglect 
is greater than would be the cost of an extra man 
for six months or a year. The corn and potatoes 
need cultivating and hoeing at the same time, but 
before both can be attended to with the ordinary 
help, one or the other becomes overrun with 
weeds, and the plants receive a check from which 
they never recover, or are put back so much that 
tho crop does not ripen if the fall is unfavorable. 
The carrots and tho beets, too, arc calling loudly 
for help, being in great danger of smothering, 
but these small things cannot bo attended to until 
the main crops arc cared for, which is not likely 
lu be the case until time for hay making. Rut, a 
broken half-day after a shower is finally given to 
the carrots, and when dug, during a thaw some¬ 
time before Christmas, instead of having two or 
three hundred bushels on that quarter of an acre, 
the product is but twenty or thirty bushels, and 
tho grower is discouraged with root crops. 
The hay harvest is barely commenced before 
wheat is ready and must lies got in, so the grass 
and clover remain in the Held until dead ripe, and 
when at last secured have lost a good portion of 
their nutritive qualities. Then comes potato dig¬ 
ging, corn cutting and lniskiug, and all other fall 
work. The coni needs all tho season to ripen, 
and it will not answer to dig potatoes until the 
tops are dead. Here is another hurry; a portion 
of the potatoes aro frozen before they are secured, 
and cold, aching lingers are the lot of the busker. 
Our picture, wo think, is not overdrawn, it is 
what we have seen and felt scores of times, and 
wo see it every season, hi very farmer can afford 
to employ labor enough to do his work in the 
best manner and at the proper time. No farmer 
can afford to have his crops injured for want of a 
little extra help. Dike the merchant and mechanic, 
he should drive ills business, and not allow it to 
drive him. 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
A N ORIGINAL WEKKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
Tire Rim a i. Nkw-Yorkkr is dosipaa'd fobs unsurpassed 
iu Value, Parity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes 
his personal attention to the supervision of its various de¬ 
partments, and earnestly labors to render the KCRAt.au 
eminently Reliable Guide on nil the important Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with tho 
business of those whose interests it. zealously advocates. 
As a Family JottU-Val it is eminently Instructive and 
Riitertftinlng—borne so conducted that it can be safely 
taken to tho Hearts aud Homes ot people of intelligence, 
taste and difc.riinination. It embraces more Agricultural, 
Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary nnd News 
Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful En¬ 
gravings, than any other journal, rendering it the most 
complete AQSICCLTURAL, Literary axd Family News¬ 
paper in America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
A R1TRAD GO'I’HK' ffARNl HOU8I 
We present onr readers with another plan for a ! 
rural home, furnished uh by S. Newcomb, of Pike, 
N. Y. With the exception of the cornice on tho 
gables and a few cheap brackets, there is no 
ornamentation to cause an unnecessary outlay 
of money and nothing likely to get out of repair, 
n« is often the case with the Jlimxy ornament* 
attached to so many modern cottages. Mr. N. 
gives the following description: 
Tins house is situated in the west part of the 
village of Pike, Wyoming Go., N. Y„ on a lot of 
eleven acres of undulating land, with hack ground 
of forest and hill. The house fronts the south 
and the highway, ft is in tho rural Gothic xtyle, 
a style which, with its broken outline, its veran¬ 
das and bay windows, expresses no small amount 
of domestic and home feeling. 
roof, thus breaking the otherwise monotonous 
appearance of that side of the building, and bal¬ 
ancing in a degree the mass of the other side. 
GRAIN vs. HAY, STRAW, &c. 
In looking over 
Eds. Rural New-Yokkek 
your issue of January 14th, I860, my eye fell on 
an article headed '‘Saving Fodder by using Grain.” 
In this article the ques' in is asked, " Who, among 
our readers and cor •s 4 indents, can :el> us the 
comparative value of corn, oats, rye and barley, 
and wheat, rye, out and barley straw, and hay?” 
I am well aware it is a question quite difficult of 
solution. To determine the value of com lor 
feed, compared with oats, Ac., wo not only must 
experiment, but we must resort to chemistry for 
an analysis of their different properties and parts. 
All who are familiar with plants, grain, Ac., Ac., 
are aware that each and all of them possess life- 
sustaiuing and fattening qualities iu a greater or 
less degree. We find, upon experiment, that if 
we burn any part of a plant, by far the largest 
pait burnfl away, and that the parts which disap¬ 
pear in burning consist of four elementary sub¬ 
stances—carbon, hydiogen. oxygen ami nitrogen 
—and we know of the three last named substances 
being different kinds of air. Now, of all the crops 
wo cultivate, we find that a very large proportion 
of them are woody fibre, starch and sugar, gluten 
and oil, and that all these are necessary to the life 
and growth of animals. Now, lot us look for a 
moment at Prof. Johnston's “Relations of Chem¬ 
ical Philosophy to the Animal,” and we shall very 
soon become convinced that feeding grain is by 
far the most economical way to winter a stock of 
cattle, when fodder is scarce and dear. 
Average composition of 100 parts of the more 
common grains, roots, grasses, Ac.: 
THE BEST WAY AND THE RIGHT TIME. 
It is essential to the success of every underta¬ 
king that whatever is necessary to lie (lone for 
its accomplishment should he well done, and it Is 
an old and truthful maxim, that whatever is 
worth doing at all, is worth doing well. To this 
wc would make an addition, that what is worth 
doing, is worth doing at the right time. Indeed, 
a work cannot he well done unless it is done at 
the right time. The right time is when the great¬ 
est amount of good can be accomplished with the 
least labor. If “a stitch in time saves nine,” it 
will not take a great deal of wisdom to determine 
the right time to make the stitch. To no class of 
men is this subject of more importance than to 
fanners. Each season, each week and day during 
the time of vegetation, brings its peculiar work 
that should he done at once, and which, if neg¬ 
lected or delayed, rouses hurry, vexation and loss. 
And yet a good many farmers treat their work 
like the hoy who was left by his father hoeing 
corn. Hu was soon missed from the Held, and did 
not make his appearance until supper time. When 
asked why he had neglected his work, he stated 
that he had been bird’s-nesting, and when repri¬ 
manded for so doing, made what he considered 
an unanswerable defence, by declaring that 
“bird’s-nesting must be attended to in the time 
of it, corn can be hoed all summer.” 
At the late meeting of the Fruit Growers’ So¬ 
ciety in this city, a gentleman of Bloomfield said 
he lost nearly his whole crop of grapes last year 
because he did not lay down the vines in the 
autumn and cover them, and that lie would have 
made a hundred dollars a day for the time re¬ 
quired to accomplish this work. Of course every 
one supposed he would not risk another winter 
without covering, after this experience. But 
someone was carious enough to ask the question, 
when the gentleman informed the meeting that lie 
had not found time to lay down his vineB, and 
had not been able to husk his corn. John J. 
Tuomas informed the same meeting that an 
extensive grape grower on the borders of Cayuga 
Lake had told him that a few days’ labor in laying 
down his vines iu the fall of 1858 would have 
saved him thousands of dollars, which he lost by 
the effects of the severe winter on the buds. And 
yet we understood friend Thomas to say that no 
time had been found to lay down the vines the 
last autnmn. We select these because they are 
freBh in our mind, as representative cases, for 
farmers are doing about the same thing, or things 
equally unwise, in every county and town, almost 
every day in the year. The gentlemen to whom 
we have referred are intelligent anil energetic, in 
this respect “head and shoulders” above the 
masses, and yet we see how greatly they are at 
faolt. Hen could have been hired at a dollar or 
seventy-five cents a day, who would have laid 
down their vines beyond all risk of injury from 
the winter, and yet they neglect this and run the 
risk of loss. This is done, too, in the face of the 
fact, acknowledged by all, that though no extra¬ 
ordinary loss may occur from the neglect, enough 
is gained in ordinary seasons by laying down, to 
more than compensate for every dollar expended 
in the work. 
The great trouble is, we endeavor to get along 
with too little labor, too little help, upon our 
ARCHITECTURE 
SECOND FLOOR. 
B, B, B. Bed-Rooma; C, Chamber; c, e, Closets; P, Pas¬ 
sage. 
The main roof rises at an angle of 45°; tho 
wood-house part is one-story—roof one-fourth 
pitch. The inside is finished appropriately plain 
and noat. The lower story is nine feet high in 
the clear; the upper story finished to collar beams, 
is eight feet six inches. The cellar under kitchen 
and dining-room is well lighted, and the chimney 
standing in tho centre is furnished with openings 
fur ventilation; with this arrangement the cellar 
can be kept sweet and wholesome. The chimney 
Is also supplied with Arnot’s chimney valves, 
for ventilating different rooms. The rooms are 
warmed by stoves. Fire-places may be easily 
built in the dining-room and kitchen, if desired. 
The batbing-room is easily accessible, it being 
connected with the kitchen bed-room, which ren¬ 
ders it a convenient and useful department. This 
house was built in 1854. I have since built two 
farm bouses on the same plan, with but little 
alteration, all giving good satisfaction to the 
inmates. 
The cost of this house, with a light timber 
frame, ciaplioarded, lined on inside with inch 
lumber, then furred with strip lath, lathed and 
plastered with two coats finish, iB about $1,100. 
JUX /O 
Husk I Starch 
Gluten. 
Albu¬ 
men, 
ole. 
Wheat 
Burley 
Oats 
Rye 
Com 
Buckwheat 
Rice 
Beans 
Pens 
Potatoes 
Turnips 
Carrots 
M. Wurtzel 
Meadow hay 
Clover hay 
Pea Straw 
Oat Straw 
Wheat Straw 
Bariev Straw 
Rye Straw 
Corn Stalks 
FIRST FLOOR. 
P, Parlor; />,Dining-Room; A', Kitchen; B, B. Bed-Rooms; 
C, Closet; JC, Bath; P, Pantry; V, V, Verandas; IV, 
Woodhouse. 
This house was planned for a family who aim to 
do their own work; therefore, utility, compact¬ 
ness and economy of labor were first considered, 
yet the external appearance is quite : furesque 
and truthful. The part containing the two bed¬ 
rooms, bathing and elothes-room is quite econom¬ 
ically obtained, it being a lean-to addition, one 
story high, with a flatish roof. Above this is 
a gabled window with its stool resting on this 
roof. This gable rises to the height of the main 
Saline Matter. -Wheat, 2; Barley, 3; Oat*. 4; Rve, 2; 
Corn. ID; Buckwheat, 4; Rice, 0 mums, 3; Peas, 3; Ro¬ 
tator*, I; Turnips, D to t-C; Carrots. ID to 2| Mungold- 
Wurtzel, to 1D; Meadow hay, 5 to 10; Clover buy, Pea 
Straw, I to 6; Oat Straw, li; Wheat Straw, 5; Bailey Straw, 
5; Rye Straw, 4; Corn Stalks, 3 to 7. 
Johnston says some of these are only approxi¬ 
mations, especially the buckwheat, and the fatty 
matter, which is very uncertain. This table con¬ 
tains all that is known at the present time of the 
composition of crops. In looking over it, we see 
that water forms a part of all the diff erent grains, 
grasses, roots and straw, varying from 12 to 88 
percent. So, also, with the other substances.— 
The woody fibre varies in grain from 10 to 20 per 
cent.; in the routs less, and in hay and straw more, 
equal, in some straw, to one-half of the amount. 
About one-half of wheat is starch, while all of the 
roots and strawB are comparatively poor, except 
pea straw, which is quite rich in it. AH grains 
contain a substance analogous to gluten—there 
exists iu Hour from 10 to l'J per cent., barley 12 to 
15, in beans and peas from 24 to 28, which is much 
more than is contained in any of the grains — 
hence these produce the greatest effect upon cer¬ 
tain functions of animal life. In the potato and i 
turnip it is very small, for nine-tenths of these arc I 
water. Now, if Indian corn contains only (1 per 
cent, of woody fibre, and the residue arc those 
parts or properties which go to sustain animal 
life, aud for the laying on of fat, is it not genuine 
economy to feed grain instead of hay, when the 
latter contains 30 per cent, of woody fibre? Most 
certainly, every one will say, there is economy in 
feeding some grain, if not to make it the principal 
part of their dependence for their stock during 
the winter. Indian corn contains 70 parts of 
starch, gum and sugar, and from 5 to 1) of fatty 
matter, while meadow bay Contains only 40 parts 
of starch, gum and sugar, and but 2 to 5 of fatty 
matter. Now, if hay is worth $21 or $22 per tun, 
we get but 800 lbs. of starch, gum and sugar; 
while for $22 laid out in corn, at 70 cents a bushel, 
we get 1,730 lb*, of corn, containing 1,217 lbs. of 
starch, gum and sugar—life-sustaining qualities. 
1 think every rational minded person will decide 
in favor of more grain and less hay. Perhaps I 
may say something, hereafter, in relation to cook¬ 
ing food for cattle, hut enough for the present 
Fluvanna. N. Y., 1860. H. Wiiittemork. 
HIGH FEEDING AND MANURING. 
Under the above caption, two of the magnate 
farmers of Western New York, John Johnston of 
Seneca, and H. T. Brooks of Wyoming, have, in 
tho columns of the Rural, each set forth a theory 
founded on his own individual experiments in 
growing and fattening farm stock. H. T. B. iu 
hia demurrer to John Johnston’s practice says, 
“ If Mr. Johnston’s plan of making all our stock 
