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RURAL LIFf 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR TIIE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1860, 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN 0K1O1.NAL WKKKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
inferred, objectionable on the ground of lack of 
accessibility. We believe it is within one mile 
of the landing on Seneca Lake, which never 
freezes, and where steamers pass twice a day, 
landing passengers from the Erie road on the 
South, the Central on the North, and from the 
Canandaigua and Elmira road (via Penn Yan 
stage of 7 miles to Dresden, opposite Ovid,) on 
the West. That It is not directly on any great 
thoroughfare, or near a large village or city, wc 
thiuk important to the welfare of students, for 
the farther they arc removed from the tempta¬ 
tions of populous towns the better. The students 
ought to attend for the purpose of studying and 
learning the art, science and practice of Agri¬ 
culture and kindred branches, and the location is 
well adapted for tho purpose. Ovid is one of the 
most healthy and pleasant towns in the State, 
and moreover has a highly moral, intelligent and 
progressive population. The view from the vil¬ 
lage—overlooking Seneca and Cayuga lakes, and 
a large extent of country—is one of the most 
beautiful and far-reaching wo ever beheld. 
It is proposed to have two terms of studyannu- 
ally—the Summer oommencing in April, and tho 
Winter in Lieccrnber. The only requisites to 
admission are that candidates ho able to read 
aud write the English language well, and bo well 
acquainted with its grumamr and higher arith¬ 
metic — though it is suggested that an acquaint¬ 
ance with the branches of Mfiience taught at the 
academies and colleges of our country, will prove 
of great advantage to the student on entering 
the institution. No student under sixteen years 
of age will he admitted. The annual charge for 
instruction, with board, lodging, lights and fuel, 
will be $200, 
The general plan of the course of studies is 
given at length, the main portion of which we 
quote, as follows; 
Firht Ykak —Summer Tfcmi.— English language, 
An thine tie. reviewed and completed, commencement of 
Algebra, and principles of Chemistry, Mineralogy, ecolo¬ 
gy, and Botany. (English language and the elementary 
studies will he carried on during the terms, with mathe¬ 
matics. Although this i- not iutoided to he a manual 
labor school , still, the students will he required to 
spend much time in tho Held as may be necessary to 
apply the Theory to tho Practice of Husbandry. There¬ 
fore, the Freshman during this L no will he instructed 
in plowing, spading, care of hoed crops, gathering hay and 
grain crops, management of the dairy, (tie.) 
“ Winter Term .—Algebra completed. Chcpiistry, Min¬ 
eralogy, Goology, and Botany continued; Geometry, 
Drawing commenced. (The Freshman class during this 
term, to be instructed in making and j,reserving manures, 
care and feeding of store animals, root and *tock grafting, 
taking and preserving scion-, &c.) 
l ' SECOND Tkar —Summer Term. —-Trigonometry, Ana¬ 
lytical Geometry, Surveying, Construction of Roads, &c , 
Agricultural Chemistry, Mineralogy,Geology.and Botany 
continued, Outlines of Comparative Anatomy, Vegetable 
Physiology, and Drawing. (Practical Instruction to the 
Juniors—in sowing grain, planting, gardening, setting 
trees and shrubs, making fences and wails, draining aud 
irrigation, tunning, pruning, grafting and budding, hand¬ 
ling teams, loading wagons and carts, collecting specimens 
of plants aud minerals, (fee.) 
“ Winter Term .—Descriptive Geometry, Engineering, 
Carpentry, Bridges, tic., Natural and Experimental Phi¬ 
losophy, Agricultural Chemistry, Mineralogy, Geology and 
Botany reviewed, Human Physiology. Zoology and Com¬ 
parative Anatomy continued, Principles of Veterinary 
practice, Book-keeping, Drawing, Farm Implements, 
Machinery, Architecture, &c ) Practical ivstruction in 
futts/iing, breeding, and rearing stock, training steers, 
handling cattle, training colts to saddle, harness or 
draught, preparing timber for fenees posts, Ac.) 
‘- TcJP.q Yk.\k —Summer Term .—History of Literature, 
Geueral and Agricultural; Physical Geography, Ac,, Intel¬ 
lectual aud Moral Philosophy, Rhetoric and Logic, Coa- 
stitutiua of the United States and of the State of Now 
York; Laws of New York relating to Contracts, High¬ 
ways, Fences, &c.; Book-keeping applied to the Farm; 
Entomology, Ornithology. Acoustics and Optics. (The 
Senior class to make up Topographical maps, from their 
ownand odher surveys, with reference to draining, irri¬ 
gation, and landscape gardening; examine and collect 
botanical, taiueralogical, anatomical, and entomological 
specimens for winter analysis, Essays, Hectares, Ace.) 
“ Winter Term. — Astronomy. Electricity, Magnetism, 
Meteorology, Intellectual and Moral Philosophy, (includ¬ 
ing evidences of Christianity and Natural and Revealed 
Religion.) Rhetoric, and Logic continued. Veterinary 
Practice; Drawing of Animals, Landscape,Composite, &e. 
(The Senior class to continue experiments in the Chemi¬ 
cal Laboratory and p re pure essays on any subject that may 
be designated by the Faculty. They also wlU take charge 
of all experiments in fattening and feeding Stock, Ac,") 
Iv is nut possible to foresee how this course of 
instruction will work, and as it appears the 
Trustees are not committed to it any longer than 
is necessary to test its practical workings, we 
offer no comments, either pro or con, at present. 
The pamphlet says:—"The President and Profes¬ 
sors of the College will, as they may deem it 
important for the benefit of the institution and 
the students, suggest modifications of the course 
of studies, and submit the same to the Trustees, 
that the instruction may in all respects be such 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
Thb Rcral N'ew-Yorkkr is designed tube unsurpassed 
in Value, Purify, Usefulness aud Variety or Contents, aud 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes 
his persoual attention to the supervision of its various de¬ 
partments, and camcMly labors to render the RriiAL an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the important. Practical, 
Scientific and other Subjects intimately connected with tlie 
business of those whose interests it realously advocates. 
As a Fakily Journal it is eminently Instructive and 
Entertaining - being so conducted that it can lie safely 
taken to tile Hearts nud Homes of profile of intelligence, 
taste and discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, 
Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary aud News 
Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful En- 
gTavioKS, than any other Journal, - wintering it the moot 
completo Aiirioci.tcrai, Liticrarv and Family Nkwb* 
PAi-tni in America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
our young men. It is believed that the great, interests ol 
practical education can in no other institution bo mn.ro 
rally promoted than in tills.-Tim Trustees will be 
be pleased to receive from tbo various Agricultural Asso¬ 
ciations luoareouutry their Transactions for tho library 
of the institution, aud from others, such works as may 
be useful to the institution,-Students, contemplating 
joining the institution, will bo famished with every 
necessary information by applying, personally Or by letter, 
to M. R. Patrick, President of the College, Ovid, Seneca 
Co., N. Y.” 
We have thus endeavored to present the main 
features of the publication emanating from tho 
Board of Trustees, anil regret our inability to 
give, in this connection, the most interesting 
portions of Prof. Brewer's description of the 
College Farm. That it embraces a rare variety 
of soil, and is admirably suitod to tho objects of 
an Experimental Farm, is already generally 
known. John Johnston —whose opinion is enti¬ 
tled to great weight—says that “ it is a body of 
land uneqwticd for the purposes in view.' 1 
A portion of tho College Buildings (two wings) 
are in the course of erection, the corner stone 
having been laid, with appropriate ceremonies, 
(as noticed by us at the time,) on the 7tli of July 
last, and it is expected that limited number of 
students can be admi'i. f V ensuing spring. 
The wings now in the eojirse of erection are 
designed lor 160 persons; the whole buildings, 
when completed, will accommodate 351) students. 
And here, perhaps, we should close this article, 
and leave the subject; but it is one of.such inter¬ 
est to a large number of Bubal readers that we 
cannot refrain from extending our remarks. In 
this age of 14 Progress and Improvement'*—of 
marvelous advancement in the arts and sciences, 
and all industrial pursuits — the subject of Agri¬ 
cultural Education is becoming one of vast impor¬ 
tance to the people of Rural America. The time Is 
not distant when every young man who intends to 
pursue farming as a profession, must be intimately 
acquainted with both the science anil practice 
of Agriculture—when the true farmer should be 
us emphatically a member of the "learned profes¬ 
sions” as any physician or lawyer in Christendom. 
We have long been of the opinion that suitable 
text-books on Agriculture, Ac., should be adopted 
in our Common Schools, aud that the sciences 
connected with Rural Affairs should be'taught in 
our Academies and higher institutions. But 
Knowledge and Thought are being brought to 
bear upon this subject, and the best manner of 
establishing and conducting Agricultural Schools 
and Colleges will ere long be discovered and 
adopted. That “good time” U soon coming, if it 
has not already arrived, when our State and Na¬ 
tional Legislatures (and the People in their indi¬ 
vidual capacities,) will do something tangible to 
promote Agricultural Education — When special 
facilities will he furnished farmers’ sons, at a 
moderate expense, for obtaining a knowledge of 
the Natural Sciences, Ac. This nation of farmers 
have “learned to labor and to wait,” yet will ere 
long demand and secure the rights to which they 
are Clearly entitled. In this age of thought and 
progress, even ordinary farmers begin to admit 
that in Agriculture, as in every other pursuit, 
that ‘‘higher power,” the culture of the mind, 
should keep pace with the culture of the soil. 
— Such are our convictions. Whether the New 
York State Agricultural College will prove such 
an institution as i3 needed remains to be deter¬ 
mined. Let the experiment be fairly and thor¬ 
oughly tested. We do not speak as the organ of 
the College or its ottioers, but in behalf of the 
cause of Agricultural Education, in which tens of 
thousands of our readers are vitally interested.— 
The institution is now in good hands, and we wish 
it Cod-speed. The State and the People should 
second and sustain the Trustees in their efforts to 
speedily place it upon a useful and enduring 
basis. The new President, Maj. Patrick, is, we 
believe, entitled to the confidence of the entire 
community. So far as we learn, his acceptance of 
the unsolicited and most responsible position has 
inspired the friends of the College with re¬ 
newed confidence in its early success ami useful¬ 
ness. The Board of Trustees comprises some of 
the best men in the State, yet they are only mortal, 
and can do little without the counsel and substan¬ 
tial encouragement of those who ardently desire 
to further the laudable objects sought to he accom¬ 
plished by the institution. 
JDOT.J ,101 > CATTLE — FAT CIA 1,1/iWA V < OW 
Ry reference to another portion of tho present 
iRsue ol' the Rural, it will be observed that a 
stock-grower of this State has thrown down the 
gage of battle In favor of Polled Breeds, and ex¬ 
hibits a readiness to meet tho advocates of 
“ Horns," be they “ Long” or “Short.” The mer¬ 
its of the Polled varieties are numerous, and in 
the excitement which has followed the Durhams, 
Dovons, etc., both in England and America, these 
good qualities have been overlooked to a great 
degree. In order to place the various representa¬ 
tives ol this class more fully before onr readers, 
wc now give a portrait, of a Fat Galloway Cow, 
and shall follow, in future issues of the current 
volume, with illustrations of the Angus, Norfolk 
and Suffolk Breeds. 
The Galloways are natives of Scotland, and 
derive their name, from tho ancient province in 
which they originated. According to Yoitatt, 
the “Galloway cattle are straight and broad in 
tho hack, and nearly level from the head to tho 
rump, are round in tho ribs, and also between the 
shoulders and the ribs, and tho ribs and the loins, 
and broad in the loin, without any large project¬ 
ing book houcs. In roundness of barrel aud full¬ 
ness of ribs they will compare with any breed, and 
also in the proportion which tho loins hear to the 
hook bones, or protuberances of the ribs. When 
viewed from above, the whole body appears beau¬ 
tifully rounded, like the longitudinal section of a 
roller. They are long in the quarters and ribs, 
and deep in the chest, but not broad in the twist. 
There is less space between tho hook or hip 
bones and the ribs than in most other breeds, a 
consideration of much importance, for tho ad¬ 
vantage of length of carcass consists in tho ani¬ 
mal being well ribbed home, or as little space as 
possible lost in the flank. 
The Galloway is short in the leg, and moderate¬ 
ly fine in the shank hones—the happy medium 
preserved in the leg, which secures hardihood and 
disposition (o fatten. With the same cleanness 
and shortness of shank, there is no breed so large 
and muscular above tho knee, while there is more 
room for the deep, broad and rapacious chest.— 
lie is clean, not fine and slender, but well propor¬ 
tioned, in the neck and chaps; a thin and delicate 
neck would not correspond with the broad shoul¬ 
ders, deep cheat, and close, compact form of the 
breed. The neclc of the Galloway bull is thick 
almost to a fault. The head is rather heavy; the 
eyes are not prominent, and tho ears arc large, 
rough, and full of long hairs on tho inside. 
Tho Galloway Is covered with a loose mellow 
skin of medium thickness, which is clothed with 
long, soft, silky hair. The skin is thinner than 
that of the Leicestershire, hut not so fine as the 
hido of tiic Short-horn, yet it handles soft and 
kindly. The prevailing and fashionable color is 
black—a few are of a dark brindlo brown, and still 
fewer speckled with white spots, and some of them 
are of a duo or drab color. Dark colors are uni¬ 
formly preferred, from the belief that they indi¬ 
cate li anil ness of constitution.” 
The reputation of the Galloway cows, as milk¬ 
ers, Is not wlnit may be considered superior; hut 
although the quantity is not great, it is rich in 
quality, yielding a largo proportion of butter. A 
cow that gives from twelve to sixteen quarts daily 
would rank very high, and this amount will pro¬ 
duce more than a pound and a half of butter.— 
The average milk product, however, cannot he 
estimated at inoro than six or eight quarts per 
day, for the five summer months after feeding her 
calf. For the next four months, half this quan¬ 
tity is about all that will bo obtained, and for two 
or three months she will he dry. 
The docility of tlie Galloways is remarkable, 
constituting a most valuable point It is very 
rare that even a hull is furious or troublesome. 
N. Y. STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 
Tim Institution, as most of our readers are 
aware, was incorporated in April, 1853, though 
it is not yet in operation as a College. We have 
before ii* two pamphlets relative to tho Institu¬ 
tion and the Farm upon which it is located, from 
which we purpose to condense and extract some 
facte which it is believed will prove Interesting 
to tin? Agricultural Public. One of these doou- 
mente has recently been is-sued by the Trustees 
of the College, and contains a brief history of 
the institution—its charter, ordinances, regula¬ 
tions, and the studies which the students arc to 
pursue during their three years’ course. The 
other embraces a description of the College 
Farm—“its characteristics, as exhibited by its 
general Botany”—from the pen of Prof. Brewer, 
These pamphlets comprise the gist of all the 
information on tho subjects discussed that has 
yet been made public, aud we shall avail ourselves 
of such portions as seem most pertinent to our 
object—the presentation of a brief history ol’ 
the institution, its condition and prospects. 
John IIklafigld, of Seneca county, one of the 
most efficient in procuring its charter, was unani¬ 
mously elected President of the College soon 
after its incorporation. Mr. D. and other Trustees 
made considerable progress in obtaining sub¬ 
scriptions to the stock; but his sudden death, in 
the fall of 1853, for a time almost paralyzed the 
efforts of bis associates. In 1655, the people of 
Ovid aud vicinity obtained a subscription which 
(added to tlnct previously procured by Mr. Dela- 
field and hie friends,) amounted to over $40,000, 
for a College to be located at Ovid; and on the 
1st of March, 1S5(’., an act was passed securing 
the institution at that place, provided the Trus¬ 
tees should oeruply with certain conditions— 
including the purchase of a suitable site for it, 
with 300 acres of land. The conditions of this 
act were subsequently complied with, and the 
College located in the town of Ovid, on the east 
side of Seneca Lake, the Trustees having pur¬ 
chased about 700 acres of land for its purposes. 
The location of the Farm, and its advantages— 
both as to situation and soil — are thus spoken of 
in the pamphlet issued by the Trustees: 
“Tlie farm is upon the western slope of the county, 
bounded west by the Seneca Luke, and persons may leave 
Albany or Buffalo in the morning, and, by tlie way of 
Geneva, reach the farm tin* same day; nr New York or 
Buffalo in the afternoon, and, by the New York and Erie 
road and the head of the Lake, reach the farm tlie fol¬ 
io wing morning. The spot selected for tlie College is one 
commanding a view of groat beauty and grandeur, taking 
in the town of Geneva and more than twenty miles of the 
I-okc. and the whole eastern slope of the county of Yates 
and part of Ontario. Still, the spot is retired, and the 
Trior tees think none the lew desirable, for that cause, for 
the purposes intended. It is easy of access from any part 
of the State. 
■ All prisons will concede that if an Agricultural Col¬ 
lege has attached to It a farm, either for purposes of 
experiment, illustration, or means of employment to 
students, it fs of the highest importance that it should 
possess the greatest variety of soil possible. The Trus¬ 
tees of the New York State Agricultural College felt the 
vital importance of this matter, and only made the selec¬ 
tion they did after much deliberation- Had they selected 
a farm having no variety of soil, however fertile it might 
have been, or how complete nil its other qualifications 
were, the general feeling would ho that it was unfit to r 
its purpose, or at least ill adapted to it." 
The location of the College is not, as some have 
THE ONION FLY. 
some interested and intelligent individual, resi¬ 
ding on tho spot, and having daily access to the 
plants, shall establish a series of practical obser¬ 
vations on their habits, and In this manner trace 
them through their various stages of existence, up 
to the perfect fly. Until this is accomplished, and 
not till then, will we, with any degree of Certainty, 
bo able to suggest any reasonable method for 
effectually removing them. If it he not done 
speedily, a knowledge of the prolific manner of 
their increase, makes it probable that they will, in 
tho course of but a few years, spread over the 
whole country, and almost, if not entirely, oblite¬ 
rate this highly useful vegetable from our gardens. 
For a year or two past the onion crop, partic¬ 
ularly in the Eastern part of this State, has suffered 
materially from the grub of the onion fly, which 
eats into the tubers when in a growing state, giv¬ 
ing the tops a withered and Sickly appearance, and 
often almost entirely destroying the crop. This 
enemy bus been very destructive in England and 
other parts of Europe for a score or more of years, 
but until recently has not appeared in this country, 
at least in such numbers as to cause alarm. We 
have had several inquiries as to the best means of 
destroying this new enemy, hut could give no 
information of value, and many of the experienced 
growers of Europe have been compelled to aban¬ 
don the culture of the onion, failing to discover 
any efficient remedy. In the American Agricul¬ 
turist we find a good article on this subject, which 
describes the insect, and proposes some means 
which may have a tendency to check its ravages: 
This insect depredator is, I think, undoubtedly 
the Antho-myia cep a rum., of Me i gen, or a species so 
closely allied, as to differ but little from it in any 
of its habits. 
It is shown at **, fig. 1, somewhat magnified, the 
actual length being indicated by the perpendicu¬ 
lar, and the spread of the wings by the horizontal 
line, below the cut of the tly; c and same fig., 
show the pupa, from which the insect emerges, c 
being the natural size, and d magnified. It be¬ 
longs to the second general division of the Jfus- 
L ides, that of the Anlhomtjsides, which is composed 
rtgttre l. 
Much uncertainty still seems to prevail among 
Entomologists respecting the peculiar habits and 
instincts of this little depredator, aud wc greatly 
fear that they will long remain in ignorance, unless 
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