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POVERTY AND RICHES. 
Messrs. F!dh.:— T saw, in the Young Ritualists’ 
Department of one of tho late issues of your 
paper, a letter from a gentleman of Kentucky, 
who says, if a young man is born poor, there is 
no reason why ho should ilispalr, but does not 
tbiuk ho should thank God for it. Now, such a 
sentiment as this, although somewhat popular, 
is erroneous, and not only so, but dangerous. 
Dangerous, It considered in no other light than 
the fact that all men are dependent upon Gon 
for whatever measure of success they may have 
in life; and if they cherish such feelings as these, 
He, in His displeasure, may withdraw His sus¬ 
taining hand 
Ho says further, that there are disadvantages 
attending poverty in early life, which no after 
exertions not even genius, can overcome. 1 do 
not know but tills may he true in a certain sense, 
and under certain circumstances. But the Being 
who created man, and assigned him his lot, did it 
in tho fullness of h'm wisdom, and no man has a 
right to ask, in a dissatisfied spirit, why he was, or 
why he was not, made a vessel unto honor. But, 
he has a right, and it is his duty, to put his hand 
ftud mind at work to fulfill his high calling. 
Many are tho instances, some of which I might 
mention, if space would permit, in wiiich the 
pinchings of poverty have been the means of 
drawing out and developing traits of character, 
without which the man would be as nothing. 
Wealth, indeed, is an instrument which, if rightly 
used, accomplishes much. But lie who has to 
contend with poverty and adversity, comes out 
as unewooiu from the mint —purer for having 
passed through tho furnace — shining brightly 
with virtues which he could not otherwise have 
obtained — unstamped with the image of a true 
man. George C. Coleman. 
Bellona, Yates Co., N., Y., I860. 
Population of the State;” “School-houses m the 
Rural Districts;'’ “Country School Districts,” etc., 
and now resume the presentation of such features 
as possess general interest: 
Attendance at ScnooL.— It appears that, of 
the 894,432 persons of school age reported, C00,- 
625 attended school during the lust year, for a 
longer or shorter period. “The Reports,” says 
Superintendent Van Dyck, “show 1,320 private 
schools- with an attendance of 41,395; but this 
exhibit falls far short, of tho real number, as in 
New York, Buffalo, Troy and Schenectady.no pri¬ 
vate schools are reported, while the same remark 
is applicable to the returns of several School 
Commissioners. The number of pnpils in atten¬ 
dance upon the academies of the State during the 
last reported year, was over 30,000. If we assume 
the private schools, outside of the cities, to have 
taught 50,000 pupils, it would leave about 200,000 
persons between the age of 4 and 21, in the rural 
districts, not in attendance on the schools.’’ 
The number of children attending the public 
schools for a series of years is as follows: 
1849 1856. 1857 1809. 
10 mo?, and over.. 27,534 53,850 54,434 52,995 
8 « “ less than 10. 09,315 65,972 53,716 58.539 
6 “ “ “ “ 8.106,100 133,113 117,507 115,832 
4 “ “ “ “ 6.167,732 132,654 179,611 178,069 
2 “ “ « “ 4.198,«-.'2 205.971 221,656 239,708 
Less than 2 months .. .200,128 191,175 210,213 206,390 
Totals.758,831 832,733 842,137 851,533 
It will be seen from this table that the attend¬ 
ance of pupils during the lust year, was 92,702 
more than it was ten years ago. It would have 
been much greater had the attendance increased 
in the same ratio with the increase in the 
number of persons of school age. Thus the 
ratio of increase in the aggregate population of 
the State from 1845 to 1SE5 (the latest period of 
enumeration,) was equal to 33 per cent—and it is 
believed an actual census of those hetweeu the 
ages of 4 and 21, for the lust ten years, would ex¬ 
hibit about the same ratio. Not much reliance, 
however, is to be placed on the correctness of the 
returns as to attendance in the schools, either at 
this or any previous period. We are dependent 
for their reliability entirely ou the records kept 
by Teachers, and the carefulness of Trustees in 
transcribing them. In too many instances these 
details of daily attendance are kept upon loose 
scraps of paper — not unfrequently they are lost 
altogether, or carried away by the Teacher after 
serving as the basis of a rate-bill,— while the ab¬ 
sence of actual data at the time of making the 
Annual Report of the district, is supplied by the 
“guesses” of intelligent Trustees, 
Teachers Employed.—T he teachers employed 
within the last two years were: 
MOTJTSTT VKItTKON 
ton, and called a : villa' by the general, was of the 
old gable-roofed style, with only four rooms upon 
eacli floor, as we have observed. It was about 
one-third the size of the present building, and in 
the alteration, it was made to occupy the central 
portion, the two ends having been built at the 
same time. The mansion, when completed by 
General Washington, (and as it now appears) was 
of the most substantial frame-work, two stories 
in height, ninety-six feet in length, thirty feet in 
depth, with a piazza fifteen feet in width, extend¬ 
ing along tho entire eastern or river front, sup¬ 
ported by sixteen square columns, twenty-five 
feet in height. Over this piazza is a balustrade 
Of a light and pleasing design; and in the center 
of the roof is an observatory with a small spire. 
There are seven dormer windows in the roof, 
three on the eastern side, one ou each end, and 
two on the western or lawn side. 
“The ground floor of the house contains six 
rooms, with a spacious passage in tho center of 
the building, extending through it from east to 
west. From it a massive staircase ascends to the 
chambers. The rooms and the passage are all 
wainscoted, and have large worked cornices; and 
they present to the eye the appearance of great 
solidity. On the south side of the passage is a 
parlor, and the library and breakfast-room of 
Washington, from which a narrow staircase 
ascends to his private study on the second floor. 
On the north side of the passage ate a reception- 
room and parlor, and a large dr> wing-room, in 
which, when there was much company, the guests 
wero sometimes entertained at table. These 
apartments and their present appearance and 
uses we will consider elsewhere. 
“ Near the mansion, a substantial kitchen ou 
oue side, and store-room and laundry on the other, 
wero built, and these were connected with the 
dwelling by very neat open colonnades,each with 
roof and pavement; and, at a little distance from 
them, two other stroug buildings were erected 
for house-servants' quarters. The mansion, the 
kitchen and store-house, with the connecting 
colonnades, aud the servants’ quarters, all remain, 
and exhibit, the same external appearance which 
they bore when Washington left them. These 
may bo beat seen from the lawn that spreads out 
before tho western front of the mansion, which is 
first approached by visitors in carriages, there 
being no road for horses upon the grounds before 
the river-front. 
"In tho prosecution of these improvements, 
Washington was his own architect, and drew 
every plan ami specification for tho workmen 
with his own hand. Every measurement was 
calculated and indicated with exactness; and in 
every arrangement for his home, he appears to 
havo made convenience and durability the prime 
objects of his oare." 
The lawns, gardens and other surroundings 
were in keeping with the mansion, but wo must 
forego any description. 
Through the efforts of American women Mount 
Vernon has become the property of the nation. 
Edward Everett has done much, with voice and 
pen, to rescue tho Home and To.ua of Washing¬ 
ton from speculators. His *' Oration upon the 
Character of Washington” has been delivered to 
largo audiences in various parts of the Union, 
and so successfully that in less than two years ho 
paid into the treasury of the I.adits' Mim/U \W- 
non Association one quarter of the purchase 
money of the mansion and two hundred surround¬ 
ing acres. The work from which we quote above 
states this fact, and adds;—“The whole amount 
has been obtained, and now Mount Vernon is no 
longer a private possession, but the property of 
the multitudes of men, women and children of 
the land, who havo contributed in ever so slight 
a degree to its purchase, it is to be theirs, and 
their posterity’s, forever. In a word, it belongs 
to tho nation; and while these pages were in 
preparation, the work of renovation ami restora¬ 
tion was commenced at Mount Vernon. Nothing 
now remains for the Association to do but to 
obtain a sum fully equal to that of tho pimdiase 
money, for the complete restoration and future 
support of the estate, and a general supervision 
of its management. This, American women will 
speedily accomplish, for the heart of the nation 
beats in unison with their own.” 
As the anniversary of the natal day of George 
Washington occurs this week, the above illus¬ 
tration must be regarded as peculiarly appropri¬ 
ate. The view of Mount Vornou will at once 
awaken kindly thoughts of him who was “First 
in War, First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of 
his Countrymen”—of one who was adored by 
Americans and respected and honored by the 
wisest ami most distinguished men and poten¬ 
tates throughout the civilized world. In the 
minds of many intelligent and patriotic readers 
our illustration may inspire sentiments similar to 
those which filled the sonl of the Rev. William 
Joy, of England, who, on seeing a picture of 
Monnt Vernon, wrote impromptu — 
“ There dwelt the MAX the flower of human kind, 
Whoso visage mild bespoke his noble mind. 
There dwelt the SOLDIER who his sword ne’er drew 
But in a righteous cultso to Freedom true. 
There dwelt the Hero, who ne’er fonght for fame, 
Yet gained more glory than a Cfesar’s mime. 
There dwelt the STATESMAN, who, devoid of art, 
Gave soundest counsels from an upright heart. 
And, oh! Columbia, by thy sons enrosaod, 
There dwelt THE FATHER of the realms ho blessed. 
Who uo wish felt to make his mighty praise, 
Like other chiefs, the means himself to raise, 
But, there, retiring, breathed iu pure renown, 
And felt a graudeur that disdained a crown.” 
The mansion at Mount Vernon, as it now 
appears, was erected by Washington on his 
return to his estate at the close of the Revolu¬ 
tionary War. The excellent volume from which 
our illustration is taken,* speaking of Washing¬ 
ton’s retirement to private life at the close of 
the war, says: 
“Washington now took a general survey of all 
liia affairs, and turned his thoughts to the im¬ 
provement of his farms, the enlargement of his 
mansion, and the adornment of tho grounds 
around it. These improvements were commenced 
in the spring of 1784, and then the construction 
of the house, in its present form, was resolved 
upon. The mansion built by Lawrence Washing- 
■ “Mount Vernon and its Associations - Historical, Bio¬ 
graphical, and Fu tori.il By Benson ,1. bossing- New York: 
Wm. A. Townsend &CompaDy," An elegant and instructive 
volume, uotlced it) Itru.u. of .fan, 7th. 
NO TIME TO SPARE, 
“Mr. S,, would you like to subscribe for the 
-? It’s a very useful and interesting peri¬ 
odical,—devoted to Agriculture, Science, and 
General Literature.” “How much is it?” “Only 
twodollars a year.” “N—no,—1 rather guess not; 
I can hardly aflbrd it; besides, the children are 
not much given to reading; und as for myself, I 
positively have no time to spare in that way.” 
I cast my eye observingly about the room, and 
it vested upon Mr. S.'s Library,—an old family 
Bible,—covered with the “dust of ages,” which 
generation after generation had apparently failed 
to remove,—an old spelling book, an arithmetic, 
and a volume of “Arabian Knights.” Not a 
newspaper was anywhere visible. And this, tho’t 
I, ia to be the nursery of these young intellects. 
Hero must they pass the morning of life, which 
should be all sunshine and happiness, in a dark 
and threatening cloud of ignorunco. 
This home, 
wiiich should be alike a school to the heart and 
the intellect, is no better than a prison-house, 
where both must slumber and waste away. 
I no longer wondered that “tho children were 
not much given to reading,”—that they were so 
ill-mannered, and threw stones after passers-by. 
I no longer wondered liow It was that Mr. S. was 
continually laboring, sweating, and blustering 
about, and invariably failed to “make his ends 
meet,”—that his door-yard was grown up with 
rank weeds instead of line shrubbery, and his 
front gate hanging by one binge. Tho mystery 
was solved,—the secret was no longer a problem. 
No books, no periodicals, no “ weeklies,” were 
brought home, to make cheerful those blunted 
hearty —to light up tboBe melancholy counte¬ 
nances with a “new delight,” and turn those long, 
long weary hours of a winter’s night, into moments 
of joy and happiness. 
Oh! that home —the most sacred and most to 
he cherished of all places in the world—should 
thus he made miserable, and those youthful minds 
thus pitiably steeped in ignorance, because the 
father cannot afford to subscribe for a paper, or 
“ has no time to spare in that way!" Weston, 
Males_____ 8,266 8,515 
Females___ 17,877 17,896 
Totals... .... 26,153 26,411 
The above statement probably exaggerates the 
number employed in teaching in the 8tate, as 
many teachers are employed in more than one 
district each, and are therefore more than once 
reported. The “number of teachers employed at 
the same time for six months” or more, is: 
In the cities .. 2.527 
In the rnral districts.12,132 
Total. 14,659 
It is fair to presume that this is about the num¬ 
ber ol' teachers employed when all the schools 
are supplied. 
Compensation of Teachers in Cities.— In 
the cities, the average payment to teachers is 
about $385 per annum. The following table shows 
the number of teachers employed, the whole 
amount paid for teachers' wages, and the average 
amount per teacher, per annum: 
Cities. No. of Amount paid for Average 
Teachers. Teachers’ wages, amount per 
Teacher, 
Albany. 79 $30,057 41 $393 13 
Auburn. 25 8,784 74 351 39 
Hudson. 16 3,385 39 211 69 
Poughkeepsie.... 35 7,146 14 204 18 
Buffalo. 203 81,184 93 399 93 
Brooklyn. 391 114,438 73 292 08 
Rochester . 101 34,928 82 345 83 
New York. 1375 595,662 30 433 21 
Utica. 47 16,058 38 341 67 
Syracuse.. 64 19,247 17 300 74 
Oswego. 47 16,721 31 355 77 
Troy. 86 23,924 OO 278 19 
Schenectady_ 25 9,855 79 394 23 
Totals. 2494 $961,395 14 $385 48 
We find here nearly a million of dollars paid to 
twenty-five hundred teachers, of whom at least 
two thousand were females. In the rural districts, 
however, the rate of compensation to both sexes 
falls much beneath that paid for similar services 
in the cities. This arises, in part, from the high¬ 
er order of talent aud attainment required for the 
city schools, and partly from the fact that the 
cost of liviug is higher than in the country dis¬ 
tricts, where board not unfrequently forms a con¬ 
stituent portion of the teacher’s wages, in addition 
to the money value paid for the services rendered. 
that respect for and sympathy with the innate 
and holy sentiments of humanity, which he so 
uniformly cherished and manifested iu letters 
and in life. 
Nor is this all. Time may have healed tho 
wound aud reconciled the bereft to another rela¬ 
tion; but there intervened a period of disaster 
which drove his eldest brother to bankruptcy; 
for his sake and that of his family of daughters, 
Washington Irving continued single, took them 
all home, and became a father to tho children. 
Beautiful was their mutual devotion; happy their 
congenial household; and Simuyside is now be¬ 
queathed to them .—Boston Traceler. 
of these complacent husbands had married an 
ordinary woman for her money! 
It is time that celibacy was treated as a mis¬ 
fortune until proved to bo a fault. When a man 
shows unmistakably a kindly, affectionate heart, 
and generous sympathies, the infeiencc is that ho 
has remained single lor a reason that does him 
honor and should secure him comideration; and 
be it remembered that the most noble characters 
are the most fastidious iu self-respect, and the 
world ia not likely to know their private history. 
The world knew not why Charles Lamb never 
married, until his death. 
At the present time, so extravagant are the 
hubits of women, so precarious the resources of 
men,—so far from frugal the life of tho house¬ 
hold—that those who hesitate in the matrimonial 
path, especially such as have relations dependent 
on them, are the conscientious and self-devotoil; 
and whoever has shared the family troubles inci¬ 
dent to the contrary course, when rashly adopted, 
will never thoughtlessly reproach a celibate. 
We have been led to this strain of remark by 
the observation quoted, because it is an example 
of the manner in which this subject is habitually 
discusse d. 
And now what are the faults in this particu¬ 
lar case? Instead of being a “defect,” the 
celibacy of Irving was his crown of glory. Those 
who have studied his writings must have been 
struck with the remarkable transition from 
humor to pathos, from the broadest fun to the 
most meditative sentiment, which occurs between 
the facetious History of New York and the Sketch 
Book. Many, perhaps, imagine that this is ac¬ 
counted for by hia loss of fortune. But the feel¬ 
ing is too soulful for such an Interpretation. It 
had its origin in one of those disappointments of 
the heart, which color all the subsequent life of 
a true man. 
We trust that now there is no want of delicacy 
iu alluding to the fact that the early object of 
Irving’s love died during their betrothal. We 
havo heard the last interview described by a 
member of her family; and to the sacred sorrow 
thus engendered is to be ascribed much that is 
touching and true in the sentiment of Irving’s 
writing; to his fealty to this affection, In no 
sjnall degree, is ow’ing the continued sensibility 
which kept his heart to the last; and, above all, 
MR. IRVING’S CELIBACY. 
Seldom has a more unanimous sentiment of 
affection, respect aud sorrow, attended the demise 
of an eminent man than that which has signal¬ 
ized the departure from earth of the pioneer of 
American literature. The voice of the pulpit, 
the tributes of the press, the proceedings of 
societies, ami the tender retrospections of private 
friendship, have united in their spontaneous testi¬ 
mony to the worth and genius, the attractiveness 
and the excellence of the man and the author. 
Hence the slightest exception to the harmonious 
elegy is striking, and challenges remarks. “ There 
is, perhaps, one defect,” says the Portland Tran¬ 
script, “in this otherwise well-filled life. Mr. 
Irving never married. 
This gratuitous criticism, by one who is evi¬ 
dently ignorant of the circumstances, illustrates 
a common impertinence. It seems to be thought 
not only justifiable, but praiseworthy to condemn 
single life, sneer at its votaries or victims, and 
take it for granted that they are recreant to social 
claims, and flagrant examples of egotism and self¬ 
ishness; whereas the motive and the cause of this 
unpopular exception to the average economy of 
American life may be of the highest and most 
disinterested character. 
How often have we heard those who would 
repel the charge of ill-breeding or inhuman¬ 
ity with scorn, sneer at thu lonely life of 
men who, to our knowledge, have voluntarily 
denied themselves the comforts of domestic life, 
that they might minister to the wants of indigent 
kindred, or maintain fidelity to what they esteem 
“dearer than self!” We once overheard three 
so-called gentleman berate such a celibate as 
this, who replied with the utmost patience and 
good-nature to their badinage, and was too mag¬ 
nanimous to refer to the notorious fact that each 
INTROVERT YOUR VISION. 
There is a class of persons whoso only desire 
seems to be to search out the faults of others, and 
herald them to the world. Such people, if they 
would stop but for a moment, aud study their own 
characters and proclivities, would be surprised, 
perhaps, to find in themselves the same faults and 
weaknesses. Shame on them! Of all the pests 
that infest the city and country, theso are the 
most to he despised—dreaded. They not ouly 
injure, in some degree, the persons whom they 
thus backbite, but their despicable practice has a 
contaminating influence ou tho youthful mind, 
which, if not constantly guarded and guided by 
Religion, Is susceptible of the worst influences 
that mankind can impart 
If they can detect any palpable faults in their 
neighbors, why do they not frankly am) kindly 
tell them of it, or else say nothing about it at all? 
Simply because they aro too pusillanimous, cow¬ 
ardly and mean, and would rather have the pleas¬ 
ure of indulging their evil propensities, by 
“spreading” it (no matter at whose expense,) to 
the world. 
Reader, if you have hitherto been guilty of this 
practice, abstain from it in future. Go into some 
more lucrative business—“introvert your vision” 
—“ Know Thyself;” und instead of being “peats” to 
the society in which you move, you will he hon¬ 
ored aud respected citizens. Young men, young 
women, heed this before you form a habit that 
'shall destroy your peace. 
Hudson, Ohio, 1860. James T. Hassett. 
He who shows his passion tells his enemy 
where to hit him. 
TEACH THE WOMEN TO SAVE. 
Tjiere’s the secret A saving woman at the 
head of a family is the very best savings bank yet 
established — one that receives deposits daily and 
hourly, with no costly machinery to manage it.— 
The idea of Having is a pleasant one, and if “the 
women” would imbibe it once, they would culti¬ 
vate und adhere to it, and thus many when they 
were not aware of it, would be laying the founda¬ 
tion for a competence, security in a Htormy time, 
and shelter iu a rainy day. The woman who sees 
to her own house has a large.field to save in, and 
tho best way to make her comprehend it is for her 
to keep an account of current expenses. Proba¬ 
bly not one wife in ten has an idea how much are 
the expenditures of herself and family. 
Where from one to two thousand dollars are ex¬ 
pended annually there is a chance to save some¬ 
thing, if the attempt is only made. Let the 
housewife take the idea—act upon it—and strive 
over it—aud she will save many dollars—perhaps 
hundreds—whore before she thought it impossi¬ 
ble. This is a duty—not a prompting of avarice 
— amoral obligation that rests upon all —upon 
“ the women” as well as the men; but it is a duty, 
Dr. Arnold once observed of a bad pupil and 
his instruction :—“It Is very often like kicking a 
football up a hill. You kick it upwards twenty 
yards, and it rolls hack nineteen. Still you have 
gained one yard, and then in a good many kicks 
you make some progress.” Here is genuine 
encouragement for the teacher placed among tho 
rough and rude, it is not in the nature of in¬ 
struction and correction, wholly to be thrown 
away. 
He who writes with insolence and abuse, when 
anonymous, adds cowardice to his baseness. 
