•:r? 9 
XXi 
.&RAL 
ivl\ 
L® To 
.Xl£ 
MAS. 
A - « » 
ill ,? 
B 
Mr. 1 ’isnby—W ould like to know if small Duch¬ 
esne do Angouletoe pears were,of any value? 
T. G. Yeomans, of Walworth.—Small Duchessc, 
as a general thing, are worthless, but specimens ot 
medium size were good. 
Mr. Binnkv—F ound none but the largo speci¬ 
mens good. 
Prof. Corrocic.—What is the quality of the fruit 
nf the Angers auince. Have more than 200 trees trees will be. put out. l-anners in tanatia are 
• wrml.r like to know if they were wotth pro- beginning to put out trees to protect their hums 
Got. Ilona b, of Buffalo—The great body of jured, and he obtained 3,000 pounds, which he most of our cultivated fruits — more so even than 
farmers cate notliinsr for trees. My orchard on sold at 20 cents a pound. the apple. 
and island is protected on three sides by belts Mr. Beadi k— Have a little experience In cov- Mr. Bu arp.— Have any pear orchards been en¬ 
trees. Would not have them removed on any c ring vines. The cheapest and best way is to lay tirely ruined by blight f 
nsidcration Norwuvs form the very beat pro- them down and cover them with earth. Mr. Barry.—K new of none mined, but . 
lion. ‘ Protection was particularly (Lentiai at P. I!. Ainsworth.— Ley down some vines every very materially injured. Every 
■ West. year which get covered by snow, About two- have on hand a few reserve trees — m a little nur 
[j w Bkaolb, of Bt Catharines. C. W.—Belts of thirds were laid down lust year, nnd one-third le- scry of his own—with which to replace those 
•es will be put out Farmers in Canada are .named on trellis. Those that were well covered that are destroyed by b! ght. 
Grand Island is protected on three sides by belts 
of trees. Would not have them removed on any 
consideration. Norway's form the very best pro¬ 
tection. Protection was particularly essential at 
the West 
Mr. He Ain if.— Have a little experience in cov¬ 
ering vines. The cheapest and best way Is to lay 
them down and cover them with earth. 
F. I!. Ainsworth. — Lay down some vines every 
year which get covered by snow, About two* 
FRUIT-GPMERS’ SOCIETY OF WESTERN NEW YORK. 
annual meeting. 
BEPOET OF THE DISCUSSION. 
MORNING session. 
Dwarf Pears. 
Is the Dwarf Pear a humbug? 
Austin Pinnky, of Clarkson.—Could name one 
variety which was no humbug—the Louise Bonne 
de Jersey, tt would bear mere than any other 
sort. I lad from one and a half to two bushels on 
trees eight years planted, and two years at the 
time of planting. No othet fruit tree will give 
more weight of fruit on the same limbs. 
William P. Townsend, of Lockpoit.— For the 
last ten years the Louise Bonne de Jersey with me 
has home three to one over any other variety. 11 
•u.d would like to know if they were worth pro- beginning to put out. rices to pi 
KAi'vinff although they don't seem to 
* w I* Townsend _Smaller, but in all other rc- trees around their houses. If a belt ot trees is 
' „.i Vo the orange planted with the orchard it will keep pace with 
P Mr Yeomans, in answer to im inquiry, as to his the growth of tha fruit trees Have con It deuce 
success in pear culture, said ho had but a small that these belts will be planted, and help our iruit 
number of trees in hearing, about one-third of an as well us our grain and our cattle. 
“"re M0 trees, gave 30 barrels of fruit Five bar- J. J. Thomas— An old and experienced farmer, 
rels blew ofT during a high wind before picking in whose judgment I have gm 
time and for those obtained from $8 to *18 per me that in clearing the country 
barrel. For those picked by hand from *10 to had been left every eighty rods 
•*M0 Total product *500. Trees planted 8 years would have been produced tl 
last spring; soil a strong loam; not highly rna- years No.ways will grow tin, 
nured not more in the whole eight years than bo planted. What is proved to 
farmers will sometimes give a corn crop in 1 year, profitable will be done. 
Aside from priming, four acres in dwarf pears Mr. Barry— Saw last hpi 
would take no more time than one in potatoes. wheat, one tine, and the ot 
G Ellw \mjbr. _Wo have fine crops of Louise winter. Inquired the cause, a 
Bonne de Jersey. For selected lots, got$l<) to *20 none could be assigned, but III 
npr barrel protected by ft piece ot wood 
l . . _ _ TT /I .n 1 I n no nrttK fVul LTOI'W tuACt witlilll tt ft tlm nther exi 
started well, but on those that were uncovered 
the buds went killed. It is difficult to bend ohl 
H. T. Brooks.- How long has It existed here? 
Mr. Bauuv.- It has been known in the. country 
although they don't seem to caro much about the buds we:« killed. It is difficult to bend old Mr. Barky— tt nas ucen uotru in m, {£“?*“ J 
trees around their houses. If a belt of trees is vines down, nod some were bent above the line ot for many years, hirst up peai.< 1 i t Uu. ^La t, i 
> I I I * o WV 11 uu MINI 11 V» U ■ .. II" . - • ..V . , • • , . | i m 
-mow and snlVored. When flu-,lnui/mital 1.ranches Massachusetts; now it is unknown there. Alter 
are a loot or so above Urn surface it is difiieult to it appeared here it was unknown even as near as 
bond tim canes down. Mr. Alvin Wilcox thinks Lockpoit, for some time. Atterwtuds it appeared 
tlio horizontal branches should ho below tho there, where it is now troublesome. Hulk v<*n, at 
years Nni ways will grow thirty feet Belts will 
bo planted. What is proved to be necessary and 
profitable will be done. 
Mr. Barry.— Saw hist Spring two fields of 
when the horizontal brunches are a foot or so Bonno de Jerseys. My father has been traveling 
above the ground. a number of years for health and pleasure, and 
Mr. Ainsworth. — Tf planting a new vineyard, him just returned from a sixteen months tour in 
would train the horizontal branches close to the Furopc. lie congratulates the Iruit growers <>t 
r—Saw last Spring two fields of would train Ihe horizontal branches close to the 
Bonne do Jersey trees? 
G. Ellwanoer.— Our trees are from 5 to C feet 
apart, and 8 years old from bud. Planted about 8 
to 10 Icet apart, would give 1,000 trees to the acre. 
They would average at 7 or 8 years after planting 
a bushel to a tree. Thinned the fruit to prevent 
protected by ft piece Of w<mls Bom tfie uoitlt- M>'P » B b own our exhibitions. Don't think there is 
th1?oM°ftldof wheatwoutd 1 nay d fo r ^tautfog J M r. Ainsworth— Mr. Wilcox pursues this plan, much difference in the profits of apples and pears, 
this one field ot wheat would pay toi p,anting a ^ Barky _ Uaa any on$ comp . uc d tlm dill'er- taking twenty years from first planting. 
bmt „ , . , .. ,, « ncfl i n h nen in it between a vine trained to a W. i>. Smith. More bushels of pears can bo 
II. I. BuouKS.—Such facts as that mentionctl l>y l)oai . d fonc J ftl , wall< an( j one trained to an open grown on a given piece of land in ten yeni* than 
M u fwftSm Wa^ften IwtlilRnrotectlon trellis, or stake. This seemed to be an important apples, and the price increases as people become 
S. H. Ainsworth. wa niteii see.tins protection better acquainted with this Iruit. A lew years 
on a large scale, and its effects are apparent. Mi- Ainsworth. _The Catawba on a board fence ago Summer Uonchretleu sold in .Syracuse at 
Whole townships are protected by being on a or ^,f as ea ly as c sabella on an from six shillings to one dollar per bushel. Now 
slope to the east, where the crops are good, « H ' ,eu early they sell for $4. Fears can bo grown for $1 per 
tsonneuep.^. * ~. .’ protected by ft piece of woods from the north- firapes. no naa ta a aowa mo o.u worn., auw 
’"j. J? Thomas.— How many dollars, with the very west winds, a ud tljo> other e xposed, d he loss in " ou\d t |'^^" R Tn!-Mr. Wrt.cox pursues this plan, 
best culture could he raised trom au acre in Louise this one In Id ot wheat would pay tor Panting a ^ Bauky _ U|ia anY on(! con \ p . uct | tins ditler- 
bclt of trees. 
H. T. Brooks.—S uch facts as that mentioned by 
Mr. Barry, are apparent to every farmer. 
H. U. Ainsworth.—W e often see this protection 
on a large scale, and its effects are apparent. 
Whole townships are protected by being on a 
slope to the east, where the crops are good, 
been condemned && unsuitable for the quince root -> 
Have rows of trees 400 f ' t long planted 0 years 
ago, the fruit of which now brings me SHOO lor >■ 
each row. In answer to the question, what lie P 
considered good cultivation, Mr. i. said he J 10 * 1 * 
sidcred it D> be the thorough culture of the whole 8; 
surface of the soil. A fruit orchard should be a " 
fruit garden, with the whole surface mellow. It <- 
was n» place for weeds, nr a Laid, baked foil. “ 
Prof. Coi’i'OCK, of Buffalo.—Dwarfs do well at • 
Bnffftlo, when good trees are planted in a good <> 
soil and they receive any care. The Louise Bonne 
de Jersey had been spoken of as much more pro- a 
ductive than any other variety. Liked it. well, but J 
must except his favorite, the Vieur ot Wlnktield, 
as it bore two to one over any other sort. Spad- ‘ 
ing around dwarf trees does a great deal of mis¬ 
chief, for the roots lie near the surface and are ’ 
cut and injured. No other implement than the ( 
fork should he used near the trees. 1 
Mr. Townsend would add to the list previously » 
named, Flemish Beauty and Shekel. 1 
C. L. Ho au, of Lock port.—The Flemish Beauty 
exceeds most other varieties, making a beautiful, ‘ 
spending tree after once established. ' 
Prof. Oori'OCK.—The Flemish Beauty does well, 
but sheds its foliage too early, and earlier on the 
quince than on its own roots. 
C. M. Hooker, of Rochester, in answer to an | 
Inquiry how many varieties of pears succeeded on 
the quince root, said ho planted an orchard with 
80 varieties 3 years ago, and over 70 varieties had 1 
done well. , 
\V. B. Smith, >>f Syracuse.—The better question 
would be, what varieties do not succeed on the 
quince. Think the number few. Will some ono 
name them? 
Georue Ki.lwangeu, Rochester.—Will name a 
few of the leading varieties that will not grow on 
quince_Bcurre Bose, Paradise d’Autonuie, Dix, 
Bheldon. These are good sorts and should be 
double worked. Preferred the Virgalieu stock 
for double working. In answer to an inquiry 
in regard to the liolle Lucrative, Mr. F.. said it 
was one of the best of all on quince, on their 
grounds, though almost worthless un the pear. 
D, W. BraiVi.k— Belle Lucrative is excellent; 
line, healthy tree, equal to Louise Bonne de Jer¬ 
sey, and the fruit is much better. 
Prof. Cor dock.— There, was no use of enlarging 
our list of dwarf pears, as it was large enough 
already. In a market, fruit size is indispensable. 
The Bartlett sells higher than some better pears 
of small size. 
Mr. Townsend.— Was opposed to recommend¬ 
ing a poor pear because it was of large size. 
Such associations as this should cndoaVor to cor¬ 
rect public taste. 
• . /» ITT.• ^ T __A 
who but for 1 1 mm wuubl iu*vvr tu*te “ K°°d P oar * 
Dwarf trees »ete just the thing for old people to 
rye is killed. 
L B. Lanowoktuy. —The timber, fencing ami 
accidents and no mure diseases than the standard, strong leverage, while the soil is loose, so that. 
Dwarfs will not, do lor farmers to plant iu fields when exposed to the winds they mu blown down, 
of wheat, or in pastures, where cattle roam, but T. G. Ywomans.— l'his is a very important mat- 
lai mors e.an have them in their gardens. They ter, hut for apple orchards prefer to plant the 
m o ot great advantage to nursery n on, enabling trees quite thick, pai tie,itlnrly on the west Bide, so 
them to test the qualities of fruits and judge of 
their quality. But for dwarf trees we should know 
nothing oi Hie quality of a large list of our pears, 
for we could n< t have tested them or known any¬ 
thing about them. They are the greatest boon ever 
conferred on this country, in the way of fruit. Was 
not m favor of recommending a longlist. Jami¬ 
ne tte W. «the "finest grower possible mi the qninoc, 
nearly as good na the Vieur, and ripens easier.— 
Would recommend the following:—Louise Bonne 
de Jersey, Dueheaso do Angoulciuo, Bueno de 
Anjou, Bcurre Bupcrlltie, Bcurre Did, White 
Doyenne, Urban isle, Faster Bemre, Doyenne d’ 
Alencon, Figuo d’ Aloneou, Vicar of Winkfield, 
Glout Morcoau, Pound, GalilluC, Jsminette. 1 here 
is notone in this list but anyone may .succeed 
with—as simple as growing a hill of corn, 
J. .). Thomas, — A friend planted out a small 
dwarf pear orchard of Jatulm tte and Duchessode 
Angoulemc; neglected it, and all grew up to grass. 
The Dnches.se were destroyed, but the JamineUe 
persevered against all difficulties, and survived 
the neglect. The very best grower on the quince 
I know. 
AFTERNOON SESSION. 
Shelter. 
Best Protection of Fruits from the effects of Severe Wio- 
teis—shelter, uuderdraining, Ac,, ami lire liar dies t aorta of 
apples and pears. 
J. J. Thomas. —Not much experience, but ob¬ 
served by the discussion at the Illinois State Fair 
that Western men were not agreed its to the advan¬ 
tages of shelter. Some thought it did injury, but 
noticed in the eases reported where shelter had 
proved injurious, the fruit trees were planted 
that they protect each other, a few rows only sub r 1 ’; 
f er jng. it is the custom in Wayne county to Ul - Ik . INEH ' 
plant apple and pencil trees together in tlie same tawha trom an 
orchard. Thu apple trees protect the peach trees, 8 " : ‘'’ )f house t, 
and when the.so become old and exhausted, they trl ' , ,,, 
ai e removed, leaving the apples ut the proper dis X .Lte Z 
tan cos. The peaches arc planted each way tin. oataw bn, or 
between the rows of apples, and are so well pro- poor, but 
tee ted that they never naffer from wind, even they woul i _no 
when bearing tlm heaviest crops. By the time ' • ’„ nn i 
the tipples need the ground a good round profit growing ou t, 
has been realized from the peaches. The trees on soutliei n expo 
the west side of the orchard give a little fruit, trom the slicd, 
»„J ,.ao,S protection., “J Xewli! 
Grapes. Mr. Ei.eWan 
Thu rOH-alts of the past soomin, mi well as previously, as to ments wdiiclt v 
the Comparative Value of tho Different Varieties of vineyard f 
Orupe, both for market and home use, . ^ r - 1 o wnsk 
What are the Ellbcta of Winter on grapo vines—comparative wUl( a B( ^ u thl . 
hardiness and host modes of protection? by hills. Ripe 
Influence or Culture on F-arly Ripening and ou tlie Hardness ) |, T, Brook 
of the Vine. season, at a nt 
Propagation of Grapes -are hiyera or eyes best? to billow natu 
II. N. Lanowoktuy. — A very important subject M) . g I(ARP . 
at this time. The Isabella has exceeded all other B - wl jn K of ono 
varieties in this section. We need a better way [ UIH „ 
of testing new varieties. We have usually got Y ear it ripened 
our new grapes from tho propagating houses, £, mll , lt ,j 
open trellis. lllt ‘y sel1 ror 51, a CWS can uo grown u** ** 
J. Peck. —The grape was much more liable to bushel. . 
mildew on tho south side of a fence than on an Col. lloiiOB. Great use has been made, ot the 
open trellis. Catawba ripened well Mils year, anti argument, that the culture ot pears is a failure, 
were imt injured where the Isabella was killed. It because the price has Increased, Good peaches 
is hardier than the Isabella, Imt too late for profit- were sold here 30 years ago at 7.7 cents a bushel, 
able or general culture. Now they will bring from S3 to So. Not one-half 
Mr. Barry.— Noticed a striking case of-the of the people have yet tasted a good pom, uni the 
advantages of planting on the sheltered side of a pear eaters increase as the quantity ol pears m- 
feneo or building. Planted ft Delaware nnd Re- crease. Am not prepared to say which wonb give 
hece.a on the east, end of a house. Both made the most profit in 20 years, Id actys in Baldwin 
strong canes from 16 to 18 feet long; the leaves apples, or in Flemish Beauty, or liarth I t peais. 
of the Rebecca green and healthy. In a vineyard Samiiki. Miller. — Spent part ol the last three 
a few rods di-taut the Iraves of the Rebecca wore winters in New York city, and was surprised at 
injured and the growth poor. If thoro*wan a trel- the high price winter pears. A pear that you 
li'i a few inches from the wall or fence to allow a could get for 15 or 18 cents Would astonish you ny 
circulation of air, think tho vines will not its soon,lines* nud mean ness, while lor a decent 
mildew pear throo or four shillings would be asked. 
Dr. Mineb.— Never had a ripe Isabella or Ca 11. T. Brooks. -Know of three Baldwin trees 
tawha from an open trellis. Un north and east that bear (] to 8 barrels apiece. Each ol these 
side of house they ripen. The Diana i ipeiin on a trees yielded won* profit t.ian the average y .ud ot 
trellis. 3 an acre in grain in Wyoming county. An acre in 
Mr ’ WiOSTOOTT, of East Bloomfield.—Ripened apples will produce more than Id acres devoted to 
the Catawba on luddolilll, terraced, where theaoll grain or grass, or any other crop, except Iruit..— 
was poor, but whore manured with a compost No danger of getting too many apples, lor they 
they would not ripen. are worth more than they cost to feed to horses, 
H Y. Brooks.—T here are three or four vines cows, pigs, or liens, for there is nothing that uvea 
growing on the back of a shed I have, with a or ought, to live, that will refuse a good upplm 
southern exposure, trained on a trellis one foot S. II. Ainsworth.— Find apples very pruhtable 
from the shed, and protected by a dense wood on for general Culture. Forty trees will grow on an 
the west. They have invariably homo well, and acre, and after ten years, will give an average ot 
not mildewed. tWirj barrels to a tree, aud if sold at$l per barrel, 
Mr Eli.w anger. —Has any one made expert- give $80 a year. On au acre, led standard pears 
moots which would go to show the best soil for a may bo planted, and these will commence bearing 
vineyard? ' the second or third year after planting, and in 
circulation of air, think tho vines will not 
mildew. 
Dr. Miner.—N ever had a ripe Isabella or Ca 
side ol house they ripen. The Diana ripens <ju a 
trellis. 
Mr. Wkbtcott, of East Bloomfield.—Ripened 
the Catawba on asidohlll, terraced, where theaoll 
was poor, but where manured with a compost 
they would not ripen. 
||, T. Brooks.— There are three or four vinos 
growing on the buck of a shed I have, with a 
southern exposure, trained oil a trellis one foot 
from the shed, and protected by a dense wood on 
tho west. They have invariably borne well, and 
not niihlewcd. 
Mr. Eu.W ANGER, —Has any one made experi¬ 
ments which would go to show the best soil tor a 
vineyard? . ,,, _ _. 
Mr. Townsend. —A neighbor set outCatawbas seven years after planting, they w 'l average one 
in a sandy soil, so sandy a < to blow with the wind, bushel ouch. From this it will he seen that a 
with a southern exposure, sloping and sheltered bushel of pears cun be grown quicker than a 
by hills. Ripened three crops"sueeqaaively. bushel of apples. On an acre may bo planted from 
)l t T, Brooks. — Always find tint) grapes in the front 300 tu 500 dwarf pear trees, and il at seven 
season, at a neighbors in York. Ho allows them years from planting, these trees average only one 
to follow nature, which, perhaps, wo disregard too peek each, a very small yield, we have 100 bushels 
much. to the acre. Bears, too, bear regularly every year, 
Mr.Sn A UP.— My vineyard is a small one con- there is no barren season, no failure, and the 
sisting of ono scattering vine, planted ten years profit is 0 to 8 times as great ns from apples. The 
ago. It Inis got up Into an apple tree, aud last only drawback Is, that pears need regular and 
year it ripened about four bushels of gi apes. Now thorough tillage, runre so Mian apples, hut not so 
shall I cut it down so as to conform to rules and much as a crop of corn or potatoes, 
recommendations, or shall 1 allow it to grow and The report of the second morning’s discussion 
havo the grapes ! wo w ill give in the next number, aud that will 
J. Beck.— What is the condition of the apple 8 . 
w7 close our report 
mere straws, nnd mil L ivft t from four to six 
years before we see tlm fruit. Would like to 
learn some new way of grafting, so that new 
varieties could be tested in one or two years. 
0. B. BissKi.i.—Had in the spring of 185!) a 
number of yearling Dianas in pots, left over 
from sales. They wero of course not the best 
anon 1 ' growing trees and were thus xhodnl as well plants, yet of over Till) set out in the open ground, 
as sheltered, while in obtaining nourishment they \ V rj did not lose one, and some of them even bore 
had to contend with the roots of forest trees. fruiLs that summer. The difficulty In grafting 
Mr. Barry. —In the case of pears shelter is of seiona upon old roots of the vino, is the great 
great benefit. Last season, in consequence of tendency to bleed, by the old stock, tho sap 
perhaps unusually high winds much or the fruit pushing the selon from its position. Tho old 
was blown off. Here tlm prevailing high winds process of incarcling, as practiced by us, does 
shall I cut It down so as to conform to rules and 
recommendations, or shall 1 allow it to grow and 
havo the grapes ? 
J. Beck.— What is the condition of the apple 
tree? 
Col. Hodge.— There was something in this.— 
Saw a vine, that had been cut down by frost, it year 
or two previous, and it had thrown up seven or 
eight strong shoots, which bad not been prmmed, 
and tlm crop surpassed almost anything 1 ever saw. 
J. J. Thomas. After another season it will need 
another frost. What some people call nature is 
another term for neglect. Dr. Farley tile drain 
ltd his vineyard, subsoiled 24 to 30 inches deep, 
ct public taste. ’ are from the West, and a belt of trees should be 
H T Brooks, of Wyoming.—I represent the provided, which in a few years will *• fiord ample 
fruit safer* more than the fruit grown;-. Don’t protection. A dry soil is of great importance, 
think it is profitable to send dwarf pears out In wet soils Urn wood does not mature, but remains 
among farmers, and would not recommend them, soft and perishea in severe weather. Draining is 
What farmers want is a tree that will bear grief well, of the graateBt bcnelitand should bo urged upon 
Could not t<*ll what was in the future, but was alt planters of fruit trees. In our own grounds 
amonit the boueful. even forest twjos and Norway* suffered on the 
among the hopeful. 
W. B, Smith.— It is not la-st then to recommend 
improved stock to farmers, the Durham and 
Devons, for they are not as hardy us our common 
stock. Fanners should keep stuck that will bear 
grief. 
Mr. Brooks. — Stock growing is the fanner’s 
business, fruit growing is only incidental. 
process of incarcling, as practiced by us does worko a 2 (J 0 loads of rich lake muck ...to the soil, 
away with these objections, as only a small slice which, was rich before, lie trained tho vinos to 
is removed from the side ot the stock to which trellises and pruned severely; rows run north 
the scion is attached, without being removed a0 ,| south, vines 12 feet apart in tho rows, and tlie 
from its own root. Inarching had all the ad van- ,. (lWa f,. om g to 10. Last year his gropes were ripe 
tages of grafting, and none ul its uncertainties. while tlm others were green, and t wice as large as 
Mr. Hoau, of Lockpoit. In the spring <>( 18,a, anything growing under common culture, or ac- 
got 12 Dianas, small plants, In the summer ol cor jj n „ to nature, which means total neglect. 
1858, those that were permitted to bear full gave jl q, Brooks.— Hope the cultivation of grapes 
40 clusters each. may be extended, as well as of all other fruits, 
G. Kllwangku. —Grapes enn be grafted as sue- dwarf nears, but the farmers are cureless and 
fei! 
^ l Mnr 
inn 
stm’-c 
Ml 
western sides. The brunches on that side wero 40 clusters cadi. maybe extended, us well as of all other fruits, 
more slender, and sometimes blackened. G. Kllwangkr. —Grapes cau be grafted as sue- dwarf pears, but the farmers are careless and 
W. B. Townsend.— Is not the winter suu in a cessfully us apples oj pears, by the common mode mmlectful — if you don't believe ft come to my 
great degree thfc cauae fll’ this injury? of cleft grafting* Oratt after tho obi vine has pj a (*0 anfl you will be salialiocl, and if you are not 
Mr. Barry.— In the West trees suffer from the grown an inch or two in the spring. 1 ut on wax then, 1 will take you to any of my neigh- 
bright winter's sun during cold weather, but in paper and bury under ground all but one eye. b ;intl if they do not furnish you us illustrious 
Western New York tlm weather is generally Always graft under ground, as the wood is fixurnp i e g art „, y own, they will at least furnish 
CLEANING AND COLORING KID GLOVES. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:—I noticed in look¬ 
ing over your valuable paper a request for some 
reader to send a recipe to color soiled white kid 
Mr Burr il _Tf farmeis would plant dwarf trees cloudy during cold weather, and our trees sutler firmer there, 
and take care of them, in many cases fruit grow- but little from the sun. Our climate is getting H. IL Ainsworth. Um grape can be grafted 
i n <r would become the business ahd stock growing colder and colder. For ten years after I came to with sueems. Have grafted tram to 10 years 
be incidental At least, every farmer should this country there was no failure of the peach old Isabellas. Bundle graft small roots, and 
have a few trees iu bis garden to furnish a crop, and the experience, of old peach growers waxed only at the point ol union. Roots start 
supply for family use showed that, there ytm not a failure more than out at the point ot union, and afterward the root 
Mr. BROOKS.—What we cult a garden where I once in ton years. Now the peach crop is very often dies. Young plants grown In this way in 
live and all around is a place back of the house uncertain. Borne varieties are hardier than others, pots make a bettor growth than one or two year 
supply for family use. 
Mr. Brooks.— What we call a garden where I 
live, and all around, is a place back of the bouse 
where we have a few hills of potatoes and — aud 
several hundred pig-weeds and the like. 
Mr. Fish, of Rochester.—Farmers must learn to 
cultivate their trees, and then they will find the 
business profitable. 
B. H. A ins worth. —Have in the course of my 
life said some things against dwarf pears, and 
this was in consequence of the iucHacrimate 
manner in which varieties were at first sent out. 
Now, wc have found out wluft sorts are hardy and 
productive, and what are suited to culture on the 
quince. The Louise Bonne de Jersey is one of 
the hardiest and beat- Have standards 14 years 
and planters could not be tog careful about sorts. 
Crawford’s Early is one of the hardiest varieties. 
D. W. Bkadlk. —What varieties of apples are 
mo,! tender in this section of country? 
Mr. Barry.— Our climate is not severe enough 
to test the hardiness of apples, as there are none 
tender here. 
L. B. Lanowoktuy. —A heavy mulching of the 
all their roots, and have nothing to do but to 
grow. At the time of planting, the roots should 
be nicely spread out Have bad a growth of the 
Delaware IS feet loug In one season, from a small 
pot plant, no bigger than a straw. 
T. O. Maxwell, Genova.—Which is preferable 
for out door planting, a plant one year old from. 
** examples as my own, they will at least furnish little new milk in one saucer, and a piece of brown 
. . some additional evidence. Fanners want trees 80 ap in another, aud a clean cloth or towel folded 
fl u and vines that will prune and manure themselves, ^irec or four times. On the cloth spread out tho 
* , or sonic way in which this cau be done provi- , , , .. .. , 
ni * (tentiftlly. I have a few vines providentially cured glove smooth aud neat. Take a piece ot flannel, 
for; they are on the- back end of my horse-shed, dip it In the milk, then rub a good quantity of 
K> '' and rny friends, when they eall on me, drive under aoap ou tJ lc W ct flannel, and commence to rub the 
>ar R ! ,od uml ., 1 he iiiannre Irom j 0 e downwards, towards the fingers, holding it 
their horses soaks into the soil and a portion ot ".’ , 
lV0 U... mriDi of tho vines are thus Drovidentittllv fur, firmly with the left hand, < ontinuo this process 
.., . ^ 4 ' illlH HllUU ttU'J u«- feiit-11 IMUIU'-W • "“**•'•*v. rflrtvA ilmyniwfli’tla tnamnia f 
pots make a bettor growth than one or two year theil , homH * 0 aks into the soil and a portion of glove downwards, towards t 
old Isabellas from the open ground. They have the , rootK t ho vines are thus providentially fur, firmly with the left hand. < 
nisbed with manure. The droppings from the until the glove, if white, looks of a dingy yellow, 
eaves keep the vint»« well watered. One pnrt ol though clean; if colored, till it looks dark and 
SX- u*»*> ** «* •*«». 
window; which makes manure for the outside; look nearly new; they will be soft, glossy, smooth, 
thus these vines arc providentially cared for. This well-shaped and elastic. 
roots in the autumn is a great protection against the eye, or au older plant, or one grown l^om a 
old, and young dwarf bearing trees. On dwarfs surface 
injury from frosts. 
Mr. Barry.—T ho roots of all trees ought to be 
well protected, but this is particularly necessary 
with dwarf pear trees, as the roots arc near tlie 
the fruit is larger, better flavored, and always 
ripens, which it does not on its own roots. The 
Virgalieu is a little larger on quince, but quality 
a little better on its own loots. Belle Lucrative, 
excellent on both roots. Little larger on the 
quince. Vicar of Winkfield, bears uml ripens of trees. 
H. N. Lang worthy.— Would suggest the build¬ 
ing of high fences, say twelve feet high, around 
tlie fruit garden and orchard. These fences could 
be covered with grapes, and would afford imme¬ 
diate shelter, without waiting years for the growth 
well on quince. Good every way. Notning 
excels it on quince. On standard, good for 
nothing. The great secret or success is culture 
aud pruning. Ground should be all well tilled, 
and deeply, and this fact should be impressed 
npon farmers. With me, Virgalieu does better 
than Duchess de Angoulemc. Tyson succeeds 
well on quince, larger than on pear, but good 
either way. Had no trees that blighted but 
Glout Morceam Sold my crop in Boston last 
autumn at *10 per barrel. Would have got more 
in New York. Winter Nells has proved a failure. 
Cracked boos to be worthless like Virgalieu in 
some places. Beurre d’Aromberg very line this 
W. B. Smith.—T ho remedies suggested are good, 
is the kind of culture that suits tanners. 
Mr. SiiAiir.— Convince the farmers that money 
•Ayer? can be made by growing pours on dwarf trees and 
S. H. Ainsworth. I nterred a one year old jjiey will lake care of them or anything else by 
plant, but It was very important that the roots wh f dl t|)()( cnn be ma(1c . 
should be straightened out. It set just as they (|. T. Brooks.— The culture of the pear must be 
were taken from the pot, with the roots all curled COllt | nfl j t0 t| lQ sma ]| holders ot' land. Largo laud- 
up, they must grow iu that shape, or what is more |j oP j ei . H mUHt bavc something that they can eulti- 
likely, decay ami new roots start from the collar. yatfi moro easily. The time, however, will come, 
The result ol such planting h that the roots start au j j a not far distant when every farmer will he 
for a little while, and Inrnlah tood lor the plant, digm-aoed, who does not provide his family with 
but trom their cramped and crowded condition Bm , b luxuries as we see before us. 
boou die, and the plant languishes. 
L B Lawg worthy.— The first Clinton vino Most Profitable Fruit to 
Host Profitable Fruit to Cultivate. 
spoiled. Lay it to dry. Old gloves will soon 
look nearly now; they will be soft, glossy, smooth, 
well-shaped and elastic. 
To Clean French Kid Gloves.— Put the 
gloves on your hand and wash, as if washing your 
hands, in somo spirits of turpentine until quite 
clean; then Intrig them up iu a warm place, or 
where is a current of air, and all smell of the tur¬ 
pentine will be removed. This method is prac¬ 
ticed in Baris, and since its introduction into this 
country, thousands of dollars have been gained. 
To Color Gloves Nankeen. —Steep saffron in 
boiling hot soft wuter for about twelve hours; 
vear as standards. The first quince stocks trees. 
but there is another which should not be forgot- grown in this country I grafted on an old Fox (jomparativo merits, all tl>im?H considered, of Bears, Apples how up tho tops of the gloves, to prevent the dye 
ten; form the head low, and the wind will not vine. and Small I'ruits, lor extensive market cultivation, by staining the insides, wet them over with a sponge 
EVES,V0 8KKSI0X " skillful cultivators. dipped in the liquid. A tea-cupful of dye will do 
L a general ihing will afford'um.llo (wotection Mr. Peck, of Bloomfield.-Grape growers hud P. Barky.- The answer to this question will ft ^ of gIovcs> 
knowH^c^etfSS^ 11 My'gra^M thTffi" with a 3 S of giS? the cultura of small To Color Gloves Purrle Roil four ounces 
Lflli-much at thffi critical peiiod. were injured by the winter, as they didn't start fruits would be profitable. With more land and ot logwood, and two ounces of rock alum m three 
P Barky— Yes urotection is of great benefit at well. Tho ends of the shoots and some buds were more distant irom market, a person would!do hot- p i„ts of soft water till half wasted; strain and let 
thtau£. kill*L If they bad been laid down, think they ^ *"* it cool. Bow up the tops. Go over the outsides 
2reh or”s2™.*%l jjo..id°maki tU™ feet JinSftSthn” “btak tS'priSSJS’iiil.ry wT ins to tic'bi»li.M. .MM. tln-o nlrcnm- «IU> . M « torn, rob off tho 
« • ,J, & m —Id - b.ciffnnu, <» ft. .nntor. Tb. tod. «i ? rt B-O. «fl .off ”»!»'? ? “““ ^ 
Mr. Peck, of Bloomfield. —Grape growers had 
poor success last summer, and they wmuld like to 
know the cause of the failure. My grapes, I think, 
were injured by the winter, us they didn't start 
anti Small Fruits, for extensive market cultivation, by 
skillful cultivators. 
B. Barky.— The answer to this question will 
depend very much on circumstances. Near a city 
with a small piece of ground, the culture of small 
fruits would be profitable. With more land and 
staining tho insides, wet them over with a sponge 
dipped in the liquid. A tea-cupful of dye will do 
a pair of gloves. 
To Color Gloves Purple.— Boil four ounces 
of logwood, and two ounces of rock alum in three 
obtained could not make work. Find the Angers 
the best 
Mr. Ellwanger. — The Fontenay quince is as 
good as the Anger's quince, and better for some 
pears; it is hardier and closer grained. Some 
varieties did better for a year or two ou Angers, 
ngers H. T. Brooks. —This question of protection is of 
the utmost importance, not only to fruitgrowers 
is aa but to farmers. This is a lesson fanners will have 
some to learn. Many farm crops were ruined for 
Some want of protection, A belt should be planted all 
ngers, over our lands, to stay the sweeping winds. 
what grew afterward* seemed to be forced growth, right soil, 1 think, can engage in pear culture witu Qf un and rub ;t over the leather with a 
wHere the bloom anneared the fruit set. Only every prospect ot success, it they possess the ne- . ... ., . . , 
wortKTaatwSon from the samq vines cessary experience. The farmer who has no ex- sponge. Vmegarw.il remove the stain from the 
. ...... . « • i i i i .. _ i __ _ .v#. 4 .-v G....' • oi.ltui.o sail rilnnf •mtilim Mrt l.otwlq T n P vr 
hut the Fontenay expands much faster, and as a Strong forest trees, with evergreens at the bottom 
general thing was better, though some varieties would form a good protection, and help the growth 
of pears were partial to one, and some to the of crops, cattle, and man, hiuisclf. 
other, Mr. Sharp, of Niagara.—Had a belt or forest 
4,1)00 lbs. Think if 1 had laid my vines down 
would have made *100 a day for rny time, for the 
few branches that had dropped off'the trellis and 
remained covered were not injured and produced 
" j! J. Thomas.— Dr. Farley sold *2,000 worth of 
grapes in 1868. This year the crop very small.— 
He told me he would have made thousands of dol* 
Mr.'T ownsend— Agree with Mr. Ellwanger— trees'left a protection, but they are wasting lflr f $««te’fchbor LadT00fta’ySara medium°ime? " ® 
There was but little difference between the Fon- away, not halt as many remaining as there were J. 1XZ ral Vest an! Mr. Barry.— N 
perience in fruit 11 nlturn can plant apples. No hands. 
crop the farmer raises is ao sure as the apple crop Preble, N. Y., I860. 
— more certain than wheat, or corn, or potatoes. 
Western New Yurk must become the great limit ,p 0 c OLOa Dari 
garden of the country. 
S. 11. Ainsworth— is not the pear more cer- wood; \ pound ms 
tain to yield a crop than the apple. Does Mr. the extract of lo; 
Barky recollcctof an entire failure with the pear, wa j nu ^ 'fij 0 m.g 
or any season when the crop was much below a ' 
J. D. F. W. 
To Color Dark Brown. Two pounds of cam¬ 
wood; | pound madder; an even table-spoonful of 
the extract of logwood; copperas the size of a 
walnut. Tho dye woods to be boiled separately, 
then mix. To tie colored in brass. For a lighter 
ss bnt ,ome variclies of from l sss l »t" I ^ 
Never knew of a failure in thia brown, use less logwood.— C., Clarendon, N. K, 
seems to be more certain than | 
