RURAL LlFg 
WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 
of China which supply the greater por¬ 
tion of the teas exported to Europe and 
America lie "between the 25th and the 
3tst degree of north latitude, and the best 
districts arc between 27 and 31 degrees. 
Figure 3 shows the Mate or Paraguay 
Tea plant, the Brazilian Holly, the leaves 
of which arc dried and rubbed to pow¬ 
der, when it has much of the aroma of 
the Chinese tea. It is much loved by 
tho Brazilians, and is the common tea 
of South America. 
Cultukk—T he tea-plants are raised 
from seed, which, to secure germination, 
is kept over winter in moist earth, and 
sown in March. When a year old, the 
young bushes arc planted out, and then 
by cropping the main shoot for the lirst 
year they are kept down to a height of 
winter on a Chinese soed-l>cd. or course it was necessary 
to unpack them immediately on arrival and sow them 
thinly in other quarters. In the other cases which were 
shipped later, this mode or packing would not have been 
safe. The foods were therefore sown thickly and covered 
with earth in the usual manner, and in this state might 
vegetate on tlm voyage wilhout any risk whatever. In | 
the one case the object was to get tho seeds quickly to 
their destination without vegetating, for had this taken 
ut would have been a failure; iu the 
circumstances favorable for 
only change likely to occur would he 
— -- 1 only seeds, while towards 
. - — at ita termination they would 
have changed into healthy young plants. The watering, 
closing the cases, shipping, and last, but not least, secu¬ 
ring the good-will of the captain and officers, were all 
important operations," 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AN ORWIXAL WKKKLY 
LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
RURAL, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
Tub Rural Nkw-Y0REXR is designed to be unsurpassed 
in Value, Parity, Usefulness and Variety 
unique and beautiful in Appearance. Itsf 
his personal attention to the supervision 
partraents, and earnestly labors to render the Rural an 
eminently Reliable Guide on all the Important Practical, 
Scientific and oilier Subjects intimately connected with the 
business or those whose interests it zealously advocates. 
As a Family Journal it is eminently Instructive and 
Entertaining — being so conducted that It can he safely 
taken to the Hearts and Homes of people of intelligence, 
taste and discrimination. It embraces more Agricultural, 
Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News 
Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful En¬ 
gravings, than any other journal, - rendering it the most 
A f : W1 fifTT/H* IL A L . LlTBItAKf AND I 4 A JULY N KW6~ 
place the esperime 
'onductordevotes I the other they were placed iu 
of its various de- | vegetation, and tho 
this; that in China they were 
the end of the voyage or l- . 
jV.0/tA~CO. 
11C7VM PLOW 
the invention of Joseph W. Fawkes, of Chris¬ 
tiana, Pa. 
— We do not consider this plow perfect, or 
what ia wanted or w 
some respects a 
to more successful results, 
weeks ago, “ 
the Steam Flow, 
ccssful — vri'c, a 
tho latter^ as 
in the heavens, 
result will he “ 
doubt and disbelieve, 
lion, its with Steam 
On page 319 of our ninth volume wc gave an 
engraving and description of Fawkes’ lirst Steam 
Flow. Since then Mr. F. lias improved his Inven¬ 
tion, and constructed a plow which was operated 
co -in!!v lit'- past season iu Penn¬ 
sylvania and Illinois, We now have the plea:-,me 
of presenting DURAL readers an accurate represen¬ 
tation of this plow, named the “Lancaster, as it 
appeared on exhibition at the late Illinois State 
and the National Fair. Wo have heretofore 
•esults of sev- 
beyond the tenth or twelfth, when tho bushes 
are dug up and renewed. Theplant thrives best 
on dry, sunny slopes, where occasional showers 
fall and springs appear, and where an open, some¬ 
what stony but rich soil prevents the water Irotn 
lingering about ita roots. Tho season for gath¬ 
ering varies in different districts, but tho princi¬ 
pal leaf-harvest ends iu May or June. 'Lhe leaves 
arc plucked by the hand, and ohielly by women. 
They are generally gathered at three successive | 
seasons. The youngest >nd earliest leaves are 
the most tender and delie .t<\ and give the highest 
flavored tea. w 1 
Cubing. _It may not he known to all of our 
readers that green and black tea is produced from 
tho same plant, yet such is the fact. The differ¬ 
ence is in tho preparation or curing. In making 
green tea the leaves are laid on trays of bamboo 
for about two hours, to evaporate u part of their 
moisture; they are then placed in hot pans and 
rapidly Shaken for about five minutes, when they 
are placed upon a table and rolled with the hand.-,; 
ill be supplied, yet it is in 
triumph, and will, we trust, lead 
As wo said a few 
The Steam Press is the forerunner of 
The former has long been a suc- 
imlispensable — institution, and 
sure to follow as is the still to sliino 
. The but has gone forth, and the 
Eurrlca ”— although many still 
. And with Steam Culttva- 
- _ Navigation, will come vast 
facilities and economies to the people and a laigo 
extent of our country. Who can tell tho advan¬ 
tages and bonclits that are to accrue from this 
improvement, and those whioh follow as necessary 
TEA PLANT IN THE UNITED STATES. 
described this plow, and given the 
oral trials. It has worked successfully in some 
stances — plowing up and down hill with eq 
facility, while Us furrows are even and regu 
and of any required depth. The machine 
said to be perfectly manageable in turning t 
hacking, and to possess the other requis 
of a Held locomotive. We believe it is o 
adapted to plowing sward or breaking up, (a I 
if it u a fact, which Would restrict its usefulness,) of Fn i.ton? 
and that it did not succeed as well in some of its cess of Faw 
1 . 0 ,. trials last fall as earlier in the season. It is may not fori 
Common Tea Plant (Then I'iridis ) Shrub 8 fret 
liloli ; leaf 2Jvt inches long. 
al of tho seeds a propsga- 
ProviOUft to the arri 
Ung-houBo had been prepared, upon the public 
grounds, at Washington, under tho direction of 
tho Commissioner of Patents, where they seem to 
have received proper treatment, grew llnely, ma¬ 
king strong plants, and the experiment bids fair 
to be crowned with success, so far at least, as 
procuring the plant is concerned. 
from China. All, however,until the last, proven 
failures, from the fact that lea seed will retain ita 
vitality but a short time when kept out of the 
ground. We have received, at different times, 
perhaps a dozen packages of seeds, hut could 
never get one to germinate. It thus became ap¬ 
parent that some other course must be takeuto 
obtain seeds in good condition, or living plants, 
or the attempt to give tea culture a trial in this 
country must be abandoned. Early in 1845 Mr. 
Fortune, who had introduced to the horticultural 
world so many new and valuable Chinese plants, 
and who had been so successful in procuring 
seeds and plants of Tea for the English East India 
Company, was employed by the Commissioner of 
Patents to proceed to the Celestial Empire and 
__ „n aVmnilatit suunlv for this country. Mr. 
bushels of corn, with two tuns ot nay, as gooa as 
three tuns of hay without the corn. This estimate 
is not the result of carefully conducted experi¬ 
ments, but is the shrewd guess of a practical 
business mun who has had some experience in 
feeding corn, and we think it is not far from the 
mark — that is, if the corn is ground and the ineal 
sprinkled on cut hay. Assuming the estimate to 
be correct, and we could tignre out some most 
remarkable results, ten bushels of corn at 80 
SAVING FODDER BY USING GRAIN. 
In the popular rage, just now, for saving 1 odder, 
it may not he out of place to caution our readers 
against Imitating the example of the mnu who 
tried to learn his cow to live on ono straw a day 
by gradually decreasing Lite amount given, lirst to 
one bundle, then one-half, and finally only three or 
four straws per day — when,.just as he had almost 
succeeded, unfortunately for the result of the 
experiment, tho cow died! The truth is, all 
kinds of animals must have a certain quantity ot 
food to sustain life of each ami keep it in same 
llesh as at first. Tho amount varies, of course, 
with the size of the animal and tho temperature 
of the weather; and the principal if not only 
saving which a fanner can make in wintering 
stock, aside from keeping them stabled or in 
warm, comfortable sheds, must result from pro- 
Fi G . 1—BoheaTea Plant (Then bohea.) Shrub about 5 
feet high ; leaf 1.G inches long. 
As this matter will doubtless attract consider¬ 
able attention for some years to come, a brief 
description of the plant, mode of culture and 
curing, Ac., will not be uninteresting to our 
readers, and may not be unprofitable. 
useful in thb arti* or of an ornamental character* have 
been introduced to America from the Tea countries of 
Chino. 
“This success was mainly owing to experience acquired 
visits to these countries. Arriving in 
for tea. We have sometimes thought tout iu uus 
country we could not gather the beech leaves 1i om 
the forest, and prepare them thus, and sell them 
at the price which the Chinese obtain of our mer¬ 
chants for their tea. The labor of saving our line 
garden seeds costs more than the same va rieties can 
be obtained for in France, as we have often found 
by experience. Perhaps the inventive geniusof tho 
country will devise some means to lesson the labor. 
On this point the Gardeners' Chronicle makes tho 
j following sensible remarks: —“Butthere still ro- 
I mains the question whether they (the Americans,! 
can turn the tea plant to profitable account.— 
That their climate will bo found to suit in some oi ] 
the vast regions of the West there can he no rea¬ 
sonable doubt. But merely growing tea plants 
will not make commercial tea. The difiiculty lies 
in tho preparation of it, an operation which, as 
conducted iu China, demands an enormous quan¬ 
tity of labor —the article of which beyond all 
others the United States have the least to spure.— 
But is it really necessary to prepare tea Chinese 
fashion?—to chop it up into little bails and twist 
it into all sorts of queer shapes with all sorts of 
during former 
China in the mouth of May I ^pent the first few months 
in visiting numerous Tea farms in different purt» ot the 
country, where I made arrangements with the natives for 
large supplies of seeds as soon as they ripened in the 
autumn. Iu October and November 1 repeated my visit 
to the same districts, anl everywhere found supplies of 
seeds awaiting me. In lormcr transactions with these 
Tea growers I bad always treated them kindly and liber¬ 
ally, and I (tow found the advantage that resulted from 
such treatment. Seeds bad been saved for me in all direc¬ 
tions; I had only to pick them up and proceed onwards, 
and was thus enabled to get through a large amour.. 
of work in a short space of time. I u December 1 reached 
the port or Sbanghae with the whole of my collections in 
excellent condition. 
u Tea seeds will not retain their vitality long If kr-ri out 
of the soil. 
coarse grains, corn, oats, rtc., naa ueen tow mutt 
overlooked by farmers in calculating how to get 
their stock through the winter. A little corn meal, 
or corn and oats ground together, will save a good 
deal of hay. There is sound philosophy ill the 
directions which a father gave to his son about 
feeding the visitor’s horse:— “Tim,” said he, “you 
need not give Uncle John’s horse much hay, you 
know ho has oats.” Tim nodded assent and ft 
“Yes, Sir,” to this self-evident proposition.— 
“And,” added tho thoughtful father, after a suita¬ 
ble pause, “you need not give him many oats, you 
know he has hay!'' You laugh, reader, but there is 
good common sense in this view of the case —in so 
far as it assumes that some grain is cheaper than 
all hay. 
Grain is almost always relatively cheaper than 
hav, hat especially now when good hay is worth 
$21 and $22 per tuu, while corn brings only 70 to 
80 cents, and oats 36 and 37 cents per bushel, 
neither of the grains much more per pound than 
the hay. Anyone can see at once that at those 
prices grain is much the cheapest, but who among 
our readers or correspondents cau tell us the 
comparative value of corn, oats rye and barley, 
, and wheat, rye, oat and barley straw and hay? 
An intelligent and practical farmer In a ueigh- 
boring town informs us that he considers ten 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— Some remarks in 
your issue of Dec. 10th, upon this disease and tho 
treatment, which you quote from a writer in the 
State Ag. Transactions, induce mo to give a 
short chapter of experience in regard to it 
Fifteen years ago perhaps, in the month ol June, 
a drover received of my father permission to bait 
a (lock of sheep a few hours. When the sheep 
were removed, a few of them were inadvertently 
left. These were afterwards observed to be lamo, 
but as very little was then known of foot-rot the 
circumstance caused no alarm. The infection 
communicated to the sheep on the farm, these 
strays being turned with them, and it became 
apparent that there was serious trouble ahead, the 
flock then numbering several hundred. 
On inmiirimz as to what should be dope, wc 
Fig. 3—Paraguay Tea Plant, (Ilex raraguayieixi *.) 
about 15 feet high; leaf from 4 to 5 inches long. 
Description of Plants— The tea-plant (Jlliea 
sinensis) has much resemblance to the Camellia 
Japonica. There are several varieties, but all are 
now recognised as belonging to one single species, 
somewhat altered iu habit and appearance by cul¬ 
tivation, climate, and soil. The two most marked 
varieties are represented by the annexed wood- 
cuts. Figure. I is the Then bohea, which produces 
the inferior green and black teas which arc made 
about Canton. Figure 2 is the Then viridis, the 
more northern variety, from which are made all 
the fine green teas. The plant is believed to be a 
native of China, and grows wild still among the 
Viiiia iiot.Vi nf llmt country and Japan. It thrives 
In order to guariMB'Uibt 'll risk a huge 
number of Ward a eases had ..’jiruviouhly prepared 
and filled with earth, and to these the seeds were imme¬ 
diately transferred. Tho first shipment was mail*? in 
December, a few days after my arrival in Sbangliae 
Knowing that the vessels would probaby arrive iu America 
about tho middle or Olid of March. I thought it likely the 
seed would remain in the earth without vegetating during 
the voyage. Instead, therefore, of sowing the seeds near 
